Make up a detailed plan of the text.
Retell the text according to your plan.
Topic 2: Types of transport means
II. Answer the questions:
- What is your favourite car model? Give your reasons.
- Describe the car of your dream.
New words and phrases to learn:
Automobile (car, auto) – автомобиль
Gasoline – бензин
To carry – перевозить
Diesel fuel – дизельное топливо
Bus – автобус
Truck (lorry) – грузовик
Power lines – линии электропередач
Steam propulsion engine –
паровой двигатель
1. Read and translate the text:
An automobile, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods. However, the term automobile is far from precise, because there are many types of vehicles that do similar tasks.
There are approximately 600 million passenger cars worldwide (roughly one car per eleven people). Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007; they burn over 260 billion gallons of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly. The numbers are increasing rapidly, especially in China and India.
A bus (archaically also omnibus, multibus, or autobus) is a road vehicle designed to carry passengers. Buses vary in capacity from 8 to 300 passengers. Buses are widely used for public transportation.
The most common type of bus is the single-decker bus, with larger loads carried by double-decker buses and smaller loads carried by midibuses and minibuses. A luxury, long distance bus is called a coach. A bus is powered by a combustion engine, although early buses were horse-drawn and there were experiments with steam propulsion. Trolleybuses use overhead power lines. In parallel with the car industry bus manufacturing is increasingly globalized, with the same design appearing around the world.
A truck (American English) or lorry (British English) is a motor vehicle - more specifically a commercial vehicle commonly used for transporting goods and materials. Some light trucks/lorries are similar in size to a passenger automobile. Commercial transportation trucks/lorries or fire trucks can be large, and can also serve as a platform for specialized equipment.
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2. Answer the questions:
- Give the definition of the notion “automobile”. Is it a precise term?
- Give the definition of the notion “bus”. What types of buses can you mention?
- What is the general purpose of trucks/ lorries use?
Match the words on the left to their definitions on the right.
| 1. gasoline | a. any substance that can be burned for supplying heat |
| 2. carry | b. a strong vehicle for carrying large or heavy loads, esp. an open railway wagon, a two-wheeled handcart or a motor-lorry |
| 3. fuel | c. a measure used for liquids |
| 4. truck | d. a machine or engine that supplies power, esp. an internal-combustion engine, driven by oil or petrol (gasoline), as used in vehicles, boats and flying machines |
| 5. bus | e. the act of carrying, or the state of being carried, from one place to another |
| 6. motor | f. a liquid obtained from petroleum and used for lighting and heating |
| 7. gallon | g. a vehicle with seats inside and sometimes outside on the roof for carrying passengers along a fixed route |
| 8. transportation | h. support the weight of a thing and move it from one place to another; take from one place to another |
Fill in the gaps with a suitable word from the box.
| equipment bus transportation fuel carry |
1. I never … much money about me.
2. Wood, coal and oil are forms of …
3. Shall we walk or go by …?
4. The …of his laboratory took time and money.
5. … by air is quick but expensive.
Make up a detailed plan of the text.
Retell the text according to your plan.
Topic 3: An automobile structure
III. Find Russian equivalents for:
Body, frame, suspension
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