III. Find in the text the equivalents of the following words and expressions.
Суд магистратов, отправлять правосудие, суды графства, суд короны, коронерский суд, гражданские дела, суды по делам несовершеннолетних, расследовать смерть, споры между физическими лицами.
IV. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
1.The end crowns all. Цель оправдывает средства.
2.Evil deeds are evil seeds. Злые дела – злые семена. Зло порождает зло.
TEXT 6
I. Read and translate the text.
THE COURT SYSTEM OF THE USA
The judicial branch works together with the legislative and executive branches to protect the constitution and the rights of people. The judicial branch of the government is the system of courts in the United States. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the country. It consists of 9 justices, one Chief Justice and 8 associate justices. The President appoints the justices, but the Senate must approve them. The justices are appointed for life.
The Supreme Court makes sure that people obey laws, decides if a law passed by the Congress is not contradictory to the Constitution of the USA and may veto any law. The Supreme Court settles disputes among states.
The American court system is complex. It functions as part of the federal system of government. Each state runs its own court system. Besides, we have a system of courts for the national government. These federal courts coexist with the state courts. Each state has a Constitution similar to the Constitution of the entire nation and all the power in each state is divided into executive, legislative and judicial. The head of each state is the governor of the state. Each state has its own system of courts similar to that of Federal courts.
The federal courts are organized like a pyramid in three tiers. At the bottom of the pyramid are the US district courts. In the middle are the US courts of appeals. At the top is the US Supreme Court. The courts of appeal and the Supreme Court are appellate courts. Federal Courts decide cases involving federal law conflicts between states or between citizens of different states.
II. Answer the questions.
1. What is the highest court in the USA?
2. Who appoints the justices of the highest court?
3. Why is the American court system complex?
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4. What is the structure of Federal courts?
5. What cases do Federal courts decide?
III. Find in the text the equivalents of the following words and expressions.
Законодательная и исполнительная ветви, подчиняться закону, назначать судей бессрочно, суд штата, управлять судебной системой, окружной суд, апелляционный суд, сосуществовать.
IV. Write down sentences with the following idioms.
1.Lack of knowledge is no excuse. Незнание – не оправдание.
2.One’s sin will find one out. Совершенное преступление когда-нибудь раскроется. Все тайное становится явным.
TEXT 7
I. Read and translate the text.
LEGAL PROFESSIONS IN GREAT BRITAIN
The court system is dependent upon the legal profession to make its work. In Britain the legal profession is divided into two branches: barristers and solicitors. The solicitor is the legal adviser of the public. The solicitor may conduct client’s case in the lower courts. The barrister can be consulted only through the solicitor; he has the sole right of audience in the higher courts.
The judge is the presiding officer of the court. Judges are not themselves a separate profession: they are barristers who have been elevated to the bench, itself a name derived from the part of the Court where they sit. The judge decides the interpretation of the law. The great strength of the British legal system lies in the position of the judges. Once they are appointed it is practically impossible to dismiss them as long as they remain of “good behaviour’.
The professional judges, “High Court Judges”, deal with the most serious crimes. They are paid salaries by the state. But in Britain, the vast majority of judges are unpaid, doing their work voluntarily, and they are called Magistrates or justices of the Peace (JPs). They are usually well-known local citizens who are selected not because they have any legal training but because they have “sound common sense”. They are appointed by the Lord Chancellor.
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The jury system is one of the most distinctive features of British justice. A jury consists of twelve people who are selected at random by the officers of the court. They are not legal specialists, but simply ordinary men and women who have been ordered to attend. The jury listen to the evidence given in court in certain criminal cases and decide whether the defendant is guilty or innocent.
Coroners have medical or legal training (or both), and inquire into violent or unnatural deaths. Clerks of the court look after administrative and legal matters in the courtroom
II. Answer the questions.
1. What are the main types of legal profession in Great Britain?
2. What are the two kinds of lawyers in England?
3. Who are the judges appointed by?
4. What is the function of the jury?
5. What training do coroners have?
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