САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ (ФИЛИАЛ)
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО БЮДЖЕТНОГО ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «ВСЕРОССИЙСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ЮСТИЦИИ (РПА МИНЮСТА РОССИИ)»
САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ (ФИЛИАЛ) ВГУЮ (РПА МИНЮСТА РОССИИ)
Кафедра:Гуманитарных и социально-экономических дисциплин
ДисциплинаИностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции
(наименование учебной дисциплины)
БИЛЕТ ДЛЯ ЭКЗАМЕНА № 11
1. DNA evidence.
2. Read, translate and be ready to answer the questions.
We all know that people can do influence each other. Butthe disturbing question is how far people’s minds can be influenced against their own wills. There are three techniques that have been used in attempts to control other people’s behavior. One technique, subliminal perception, is referred to as subception. This technique is based on the observation that people notice a great more than they consciously realize. This Isnot a new observation, but it has been given special attention since the results of an experiment in a New York movie theater were reports. In the experiment, an advertisement for ice cream was flashed onto the screen during the feature film. The ad was shown for such a brief period that no one consciously saw the instruction, yet ice-cream sales soared for the period of time the experiment continued.Hypnosis is another technique that can be used for controlling people’s minds. While in a deep trance, people can be told something at a specific time or at a certain signal. They can be told that they won’t remember what has been said once out of trance. This is called a post-hypnotic suggestion. It is still uncertain whether a subject can be made to carry out an action that otherwise would be unacceptable in that person’s mind.
Yet another technique is called brainwashing. Brainwashingentails forcing people to believe something, usually something false, by continually telling them evidence that is supposedly true and preventing them from thinking about it properly or considering other evidence. Brainwashing can take extreme forms. For example, brainwashing can be done by first causing a complete breakdown of individuals through acts such a starving them, preventing them from sleeping, intimidating them and keeping them in a state of constant fear. When the individuals lose their sense of reality, new ideas can be planed in their minds.
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Зав. кафедрой кандидат исторических наук, доцент
Сексте Я.А.
(подпись)
САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ (ФИЛИАЛ)
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО БЮДЖЕТНОГО ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «ВСЕРОССИЙСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ЮСТИЦИИ (РПА МИНЮСТА РОССИИ)»
САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ (ФИЛИАЛ) ВГУЮ (РПА МИНЮСТА РОССИИ)
Кафедра:Гуманитарных и социально-экономических дисциплин
ДисциплинаИностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции
(наименование учебной дисциплины)
БИЛЕТ ДЛЯ ЭКЗАМЕНА № 12
1. Capital punishment.
2. Read, translate and be ready to answer the questions.
Opinion polls show that most Americans feel handguns are responsible for the high murder rates. A majority of Americans, some 70 percent, favour laws which would ban the private ownership of all handguns. At present, there are about 23,000 state and local gun laws and ordinances throughout the US. Some states only prohibit carrying concealed handguns; in others owners must register all handguns and have a license to carry them, either open or concealed. In some communitiespeople are not allowed to own any handgun.
Although most Americans would like to forbid the owning of handguns, there is still no single federal law to that effect. Perhaps the major reason for this is the lobbying efforts of the National Rifle Association (NRA) and its three million members. They city the Second Amendment to the Constitution (“the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed”). They argue that about half of the some 120 million firearms in the US are owned by hunters, and their slogan claims that “Guns don’t kill, people do”.
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Those in favour of a national law point out that the Second Amendment begins with the phrase “A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state…”. This goes back to the time when seven out of the original thirteen colonies required all males to serve in the state militias. When needed, men served as “citizen soldiers”. This, they conclude, is no longer the case, and the easy availability of guns simply leads to too many deaths. At present, a national law forbidding the ownership of all guns appears unlikely. However, more states and communities will probably pass their own much more restrictive laws in the future.
Зав. кафедрой кандидат исторических наук, доцент
Сексте Я.А.
(подпись)
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