САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ (ФИЛИАЛ)
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО БЮДЖЕТНОГО ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «ВСЕРОССИЙСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ЮСТИЦИИ (РПА МИНЮСТА РОССИИ)»
САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ (ФИЛИАЛ) ВГУЮ (РПА МИНЮСТА РОССИИ)
Кафедра:Гуманитарных и социально-экономических дисциплин
ДисциплинаИностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции
(наименование учебной дисциплины)
БИЛЕТ ДЛЯ ЭКЗАМЕНА № 7
1. Famous crime.
2. Read, translate and be ready to answer the questions.
Criminal law is the body of law relating to crimes that threaten, harm or somehow endanger the health, safety and welfare of people. Unlike civil law, breaking criminal laws results in punishments including incarceration in prison. Convicts may be required to conform to guidelines imposed as part of a parole or probation period, and they may be fined or have money or property taken from them as restitution for breaking a criminal law.With the exception of minor traffic violations, accused individuals will require the assistance of an attorney. Less serious crimes are classified as misdemeanors. These typically carry a maximum of up to one year in the country jail. Examples include petty theft, possession of small amounts of controlled substances, and first-offense drunk driving. Crimes of a more serious nature are classified as felonies. These carry punishments of a year or more in state or federal prison. Felonies include violent crimes like murder, burglary, and rape, as embezzlement and money laundering. Law enforcement agencies have the responsibility of investigating alleged crimes. Procedural rules are in place to ensure police officers respect the constitutional rights of the citizens they investigate. Each stage of a criminal prosecution presents traps for defendants who are not familiar with the court system. Criminal defense attorneys are trained to prevent their clients from doing or saying things appointed, accused individuals can unknowingly waive their rights and harm their own interests. Without a lawyer present, defendants can make incriminating statements that will later be used against them in court.
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Discovery proceedings are another critical stage in a criminal case. This is when the defendant can demand that the prosecutor turn over copies of all of the evidence gathered by law enforcement. The police reports, lab results, video recordings, and other items will likely determine whether the case settles or continues on to trial.
Зав. кафедрой кандидат исторических наук, доцент
Сексте Я.А.
(подпись)
САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ (ФИЛИАЛ)
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО БЮДЖЕТНОГО ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «ВСЕРОССИЙСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ЮСТИЦИИ (РПА МИНЮСТА РОССИИ)»
САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ (ФИЛИАЛ) ВГУЮ (РПА МИНЮСТА РОССИИ)
Кафедра:Гуманитарных и социально-экономических дисциплин
ДисциплинаИностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции
(наименование учебной дисциплины)
БИЛЕТ ДЛЯ ЭКЗАМЕНА № 8
1. Famous criminals.
2. Read, translate and be ready to answer the questions.
The most extreme action which a law enforcement officer can take in any situation is the use of firearms. Under no circumstances should firearms be used until all other measures for controlling the violence have been exhausted, Above all, officers should never fire indiscriminately into a crowd or a mob. Such extreme action may result in injury or death to innocent citizens. The decision to resort to the use of firearms is indeed a grave one. Such decision must be based upon a realistic evaluation of the existing circumstances. Among the important considerations, of course, are the protection of the officer’s own life as well as lives of fellow officers, and the protection of fellow citizens. A basic rule in the police training is that a firearm is used only in self-defence or to protect the lives of others.
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In guidelines prepared for law enforcement agencies, the International Association of Chiefs of Police states: “The use of firearms should be considered as a last resort, and then only when necessary to protect the lives of citizens and officers”.
A fundamental purpose of government is to protect of government is to protect the lives and property of its citizens. This aim requires the maintenance of order under law. We know that riots can usually be prevented and can always be controlled. The question is whether we can act wisely, or will resort to the law of the pistol.
Intensive police training can bring a new discipline and a new effectiveness to police control efforts. By fast, careful, firm action local police can catch trouble before it is out of control.
Compounding the difficulty is the present psychology of police personnel. It is paramilitary, based on force and fear. The level of violence in England is lower than in the USA, but far from wholly absent. Yet, there is an understanding that the game of crime is played without guns.
Зав. кафедрой кандидат исторических наук, доцент
Сексте Я.А.
(подпись)
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