Text B. Preparation of Tablets
The tablet is the most common form of medication for the administering of a drug in a dry state.
From a purely physical point of view, the technique of tablet making (tabletting) may be defined as a process whereby a known volume of a drug in a finely divided state3 is subjected to pressure in a die between two punches.
A tablet shows definite properties of mechanical strength and is also characterized by a definite rate of desintegration when brought into contact with water.
It is generally observed that tablets can be made easily from certain drugs, such as sodium chloride and other alkali halides, even without the addition of auxiliary substances. For some other drugs, such as lactose, the addition of auxiliary substances is found to be necessary to overcome certain difficulties in their tabletting. Some difficulties are occasionally experienced in the process of tabletting certain materials because of persistent binding or sticking in the tablet machine.
The application of different pressure during tabletting plays a very important role. The correct pressure must be applied in order to avoid unnecessary complications. Tablets which should dissolve in the mouth must be more strongly compressed than other average tablets 7 for internal administration.
Another important effect of higher pressures is an increase in friction which obviously necessitates the use of greater amounts of lubricants and glidants.8Glidants are added to the tablet materials to improve their flow properties.9 They are generally powdery substances which deform only slightly when subjected to the compressing pressures. To glidants belong such substances as natural starch, which has excellent flow improvement properties.
Lubricants are substances which facilitate smooth ejection of the compressed tablets.
Words:
The most common form of medication — самая распространенная форма лекарственных препаратов; tablet making (tabletting) — изготовление таблеток; a drug in a finely divided state — лекарство в мелкоизмельченном состоянии; subjected to pressure in a die between two punches — подвергается прессованию в штамповальном прессе; alkalihalides — щелочные галоидные соединения или галогениды; because of persistent binding or sticking in the tablet machine — вследствие постоянного прилипания или приклеивания вещества в машине; average tablets — обычные таблетки; lubricants and glidants — смазывающие и скользящие вещества; flow property — скользящее свойство
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V. Answer the questions:
1. What is the most common form of medication for the administering of drugs in a dry state?
2. In what state is a certain volume of a drug subjected to pressure in a die during the process of tabletting?
3. What is a tablet characterized by when brought into contact with water?
4. What substances are used for tablet making?
5.Are any auxiliary substances added to the above mentioned substances?
6.To what drugs is it necessary to add auxiliary substances?
7.Why are some difficulties experienced in the process of tabletting?
8.What is necessary to do in order to avoid unnecessary complications during tabletting?
9.What kind of tablets must be strongly compressed?
10.What substances improve the flow properties of the tablet materials?
11. What facilitates smooth ejection of the compressed tablets?
VI. Communicative situations:
1. It’s known that most children dislike taking tablets. It always becomes a problem for mums to force their sick children take drugs. What kind of tablets would you produce for children if you were a manufacturer?
2. Find the parameters of the tablets (coating, colour, package, size, taste)
in the puzzle below:
W T A F G X Q R N S
H P N H N H X C H I
T N F D I Q R U E Z
T P Y X T R J G Q E
K A Y P A D A M G P
S G S P O K Q P W H
D P O T C O L O U R
D Z B A E H W H U L
X F P K V E A Z C O
S W B C I S N T E W
TEST
Choose the proper words:
1. DRUGS RELIEVING PAIN ARE CALLED … .
1. aspirin
2. anti-inflammatory
3. anti-emetics
4. analgetics
2. DRUGS THAT HELP TO REMOVE EXCESS FLUID FROM THE BODY ARE… .
1. decongestants
2. miracle drugs
3. diuretics
4. analgesics
3. DRUGS INCREASING ACTIVITY ARE CALLED … .
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1. stimulants
2. tranquillizers
3. narcotics
4. laxatives
4. EXCELLENT PAINKILLERS ORIGINALLY DERIVED FROM OPIUM ARE … .
1. analgesics
2. tranquillizers
3. narcotics
4. stimulants
5. THESE DRUGS PREVENT BLOOD CLOTS FORMING.
1. anticoagulants
2. sedatives
3. anti-inflammatory
4. insulin
6. THESE DRUGS ARE USED TO CALM PEOPLE AND RELIEVE ANXIETY.
1. decongestants
2. tranquillizers
3. diuretics
4. aspirin
7. THESE DRUGS HELP TO CLEAR A STUFFY NOSE.
1. digitalis
2. decongestants
3. miracle drugs
4. anti-emetics
8. IT’S USED IN THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES.
1. digitalis
2. aspirin
3. calcex
4. insulin
9. IT’S USED TO INCREASE THE PERFORMANCE OF A WEAK HEART.
1. digitalis
2. normodipine
3. vertigoheel
4. doxylamin
10. … ARE ADDED TO THE TABLET MATERIALS TO IMPROVE THEIR FLOW PROPERTIES.
1. alkali halides
2. sodium chloride
3. glidants,lubricants
LESSON 12
Грамматика:времена Сontinuous Active и Passive; предлоги; типы придаточных предложений; синонимы и антонимы
SOLID DOSAGE FORMS
Запомните: приставки un-, in-, dis-, im-, il-, ir- - образуют слова с противоположным значением
I. 1. Образуйте от этих слов слова с противоположным значением с помощью отрицательных приставок, переведите их на русский язык:
accurate, regular, common, advantage, miscible, soluble, pleasant, sufficient, compatible, equal, complete, stable, correct
2. Назовите исходную форму следующих существительных:
observer, indicator, visitor, dictator, collector, worker, conductor, investigator, inventor, teacher, experimenter
II. Поставьте предложения в отрицательную форму:
1. The chemist is determining the constituents of water.
2. I am heating hydrogen in the tube.
3. They are studying chemistry now.
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4. The analyst is still working in the laboratory.
5. They were making experiments from 5 to 8 o’clock in the lab yesterday.
6. They will be studying these elements all day long tomorrow.
7. When I entered the laboratory the students were finishing their work.
III. Прочтите предложения; поставьте глагол, данный в скобках, в Present Simple или Present Continuous Active:
1. Water ( to occur ) abundantly in minerals.
2. He ( to pour ) water into a test-tube now.
3. The students ( to take part ) in the experiment at present.
4. Water ( to be ) an important constituent of the earth’s atmosphere.
5. Water ( to dissolve ) a part of nearly everything with which it ( to come ) into contact.
6. Most animals ( to take in ) large quantities of water with their food.
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