II. Find equivalents in the text
Способ составления лекарственных веществ; способ расфасовки; заниматься фармацевтической практикой; готовые продукты; высокий профессиональный уровень; знание разных предметов; воздействие на организм; растительного и животного происхождения; физические характеристики
III. Fill in the proper words:
1. The official description usually includes … properties. 2. The reaction to … or other indicators is an important test of … or … . 3. Both services demand … knowledge and … … standards. 4. A Ppharmacopoeia is a book containing a list of … … .5. Pharmacognosy embraces the history and preservation of drugs of … origin. 6. “Pharmacy” is the place where medicines are …, …, … . 7. … describes the proper method of packaging and storing the drug.
IV. Translate the following sentences:
1. Фармация – это наука, которая занимается изучением лекарств. 2. Аптека – это место, где смешиваются, расфасовываются и продаются лекарства. 3. Составление лекарств требует научного соединения нескольких компонентов. 4. Фармацевт должен иметь знания по различным дисциплинам. 5. Фармакология – это наука о лекарствах.
V. Answer the questions:
1. What does pharmacy treat of?
2. What does the word “pharmacy” also define?
3. Does the pharmacist compound and dispense medicines?
4. What is necessary to compound medicines?
5. What is necessary to become a pharmacist?
6. Does pharmacopoeia contain a list of medicinal substances?
7. What is necessary for the pharmacist to know?
8. What is necessary to prescribe drugs?
9. What document contains a list of medicinal substances?
VI. Agree or disagree:
1. Pharmacy and chemist’s shop are the same.
2. Pharmacist and pharmacologist are synonyms.
3. Pharmacology is the science which embraces the history, source, cultivation, collection, preparation, distribution, identification, composition, purity and preservation of drugs.
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4 Pharmacognosy is the field of medicine which studies drugs, their nature, origin and effect in the body.
5. Pharmacopoeia is a book containing a list of medicinal substances with description, tests and formulas for preparing the same.
VII. Read and translate the text. Match the specialty and its duties.
Text B. Pharmacy Specialties (Part I)
In the practice of pharmacy there are some specialties. Each specialist performs his own duties. Thus; for example, pharmacist-technologistmakes preparation of medicines, concentrated solutions, intrachemist's blanks, observing all the rules of preparation technology and technological methods. He also carries out drug development and creation of rational medicinal forms (a tablet, a capsule, aerosols, solutions etc.) providing the maximum bioavailability of an active component to an organism. He observes the requirements of sanitary regimen, a pharmaceutical order, rules and safety regulations.
Of course, this specialist uses technology equipment and mechanization and he’s responsible for the quality of performed work.
A pharmacist-technicianworks under the pharmacist’s supervision in the drug store, hospitals or clinics. He prepares drugs according to the doctor’s prescription, prints stickers with the names of drugs, places pharmaceutical products, cleans and sterilizes instruments, works with documents, with the insurance companies, inventory of the goods and negotiates with doctors.
The next specialist is A Clinical pharmacist who controls recipes, confirms the prescription of medicine indicated by doctors; it’s his duty to study the patient’s case report with the purpose not to allow negative consequences which can come as a result of interaction of medicines, besides he puts a drug on prescription, carries out supervision for pharmacist – technicians and assistants.
VIII. TEST
Fill in proper words:
1. BOTH SERVICES DEMAND ... KNOWLEDGE AND HIGH PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS.
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1. special
2. specialty
3. interesting
4. amusing
2. GENERAL CHEMISTRY DEALS WITH BASIC PRINCIPLES AND ... SUBSTANCES.
1. difficult
2. different
3. inorganic
4. unknown
3. PHARMACOGNOZY EMBRACES THE HISTORY AND PRESERVATION OF DRUGS OF … ORIGIN.
1. vegetable
2. vegetable and animal
3. animal
4. historical
4. THE ... NAMES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES DO NOT ALWAYS REPRESENT THEIR CHEMICAL COMPOSITION.
1. first
2. brand
3. scientific
4. pharmacopoeial
5. THE OFFICIAL DESCRIPTION USUALLY INCLUDES ITS ... PROPERTIES.
1. organic
2. inorganic
3. physical
4. scientific
6. THE REACTION TO LITMUS IS AN ... TEST OF IDENTITY OR PURITY.
1. hard
2. important
3. funny
4. necessary
7. TO BECOME A PHARMACIST ONE SHOULD ACHIEVE KNOWLEDGE OF DIFFERENT SUBJECTS, SUCH AS PHYSICS, … ,ETC,
1. geography and history
2. botany and chemistry
3. physiology and anatomy
4. mathematics and informatics
8. A PHARMACOPEIA IS A BOOK CONTAINING A LIST OF … …
1. recopies
2. prescriptions
3. medical substances
4. recommendations
9. IT CONTAINS DESCRIPTION, TESTS AND … OF MEDICAL SUBSTANCES.
1. formulas
2. origin
3. reactions
4. prices
10. THE COMPOUNDING OF MEDICINES REQUIRES THE SCIENTIFIC COMBINATION OF TWO OR MORE … .
1. knowledge
2. salts
3. solutions
4. ingredients
LESSON 4
Грамматика: причастие I, его функции ( повторение и закрепление ), - ing формы; парные союзы
PRACTICE OF PHARMACY ( Part II )
Запомните:суффикс – ate - суффикс глаголов
суффиксы – er, or - суффиксы существительных, обозначающих производителя действия
I.1. Прочитайте и переведите:
observer, indicator, visitor, dictator, collector, conductor, investigator, researcher, inventor, teacher, experimentater, examiner, manager
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2. Прочитайте и переведите:
regulate, filtrate, granulate, fermentate, cultivate, concentrate, inactivate, calculate, radiate, operate, estimate
3. Переведите однокоренные слова:
Prepare, preparation; associate, association, associated, associative; sterility, sterilize, sterilization, sterilized, sterilizer; complete, completion, completely; measure, measurable, measurement, measureless
II. Переведите следующие словосочетания, используя причастие I или II:
развивающиеся страны; развитые страны; лечение, предупреждающее заболевание; заболевание, предупрежденное с помощью лечения; статья, описывающая новые методы; новые методы, описанные в научной статье; хирург, выполняющий операцию; операция, выполненная хирургом; обучающиеся, читающие текст; текст, прочитанный студентами
III. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на причастия и роли определения:
a. Every educated person should speak English.
b. A new treatment described in the scientific article was very useful.
c. The students translating texts used dictionaries.
d. The operation performed by the surgeon was successful.
e. The doctor told us about methods preventing heart diseases.
f. The findings included in the report were very important.
g. I read an interesting article published in a medical journal.
h. The lecturer answered the questions asked by the students.
i. He made a discovery contributing to the development of plastic surgery.
IV. Прочтите и переведите:
forming – formed, treating – treated, operating – operated, taking – taken, reading – read, making – made, writing – written, causing - caused
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V. Раскройте скобки, выберите нужную форму причастия и переведите предложения:
1. The article (publishing, published) in the medical journal was very useful. 2. The instruments (using, used) by surgeons are modern. 3. Doctors (treating, treated) heart diseases are called cardiologists. 4. The surgeon (performing, performed) this operation studied in my group. 5. In this department we treat only patients (having, had) infectious diseases. 6. Anatomy is the science (studying, studied) organs of the body. 7. The operation (calling, called) appendectomy is very common. 8. Methods (introducing, introduced) into practice are very helpful.
VI. Проанализируйте предложения, найдите причастие I и определите его функции:
1. A leaf is the food – making part of a plant.
2. Being one of the lightest metals, beryllium at the same time is remarkably strong, stronger than steel.
3. Algae being simple plants do not develop flowers; they do not have true roots, stems, or leaves.
4. Fast moving water has kinetic energy.
5. Matter is changing all the time because of changing conditions in the world around us.
6. X – rays are harmful to living things so care must be taken when working with them.
7. When growing on a bare surface such as rock, mosses slowly build up a thin layer of soil on the rock.
8. Zink containing enzymes regulates growth, development longevity and fertility.
9. The number of electrons revolting around the nucleus of an atom is equal to its atomic number.
10. While burning, magnesium emits large quantities of ultraviolet rays and heat.
VII. Прочитайте предложения, найдите в них парные союзы и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. Bacteria are both useful and harmful to humans.
2. The nucleus controls both the chemical reactions that occur in the cell and reproduction of cte cell.
3. In most chemical reactions, heat is either taken in or given out.
4. Many plants produce chemicals which can be either harmful or beneficial depending on dose and circumstance.
5. Neutral substances are neither acidic nor basic.
6. Water is a liquid which neithеr burns nor supports combustion.
VIII. Вставьте вместо пропусков необходимые по смыслу союзы either … or, neither … nor, both … and.
1. The isomerisation product was … the diketone … the pyrozole. 2. Measurements … in wax … oil dispersions gave the same results. 3. This can be due to … an increase in a number of particles … to an increase in a particle size. 4. It was decided to carry out various oxidation reactions … under normal conditions … under reduced pressure. 5. This substance is readily isolated … from valerian … from concentrated mother liquor containing its glycoside. 6. We prepared … esters of carbonic acids … n – alkyl substituted esters of carbonic acids.
IX. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания:
major/ minor – крупный, большой/ мелкий
to evolve from … to – развиваться из … в…
a herbalist – травник (специалист по траволечению)
to dispense, a dispenser – фасовать, отпускать по рецепту, фасовщик
to compound – готовить лекарство по прописи
a formulary – рецептурный справочник
to handle smth. – иметь дело с чем-либо
sophisticated – сложный (для понимания)
doubtful – сомнительный
to be replaced with – заменяться чем-либо
regardless of – независимо от
duties – обязанности
to ensure – обеспечить, гарантировать
to possess – иметь, обладать
skills – навыки, умения
to maintain – поддерживать, сохранять
inherent – (внутренне) присущий
to counsel, counseling – консультировать, консультация
preventive – профилактический
integral – неотделимый, неотъемлемый
proper – правильный, надлежащий
to record, recording – регистрировать, запись, регистрация
data processing – (компьютерная) обработка данных
inventory – инвентарь, инвентарный
adverse drug reactions (ADRs) – побочные действия лекарств
to be augmented – расширяться (за счет чего-либо)
pharmaceutical care – фармацевтическая служба
an area – область
extemporaneous compounding – экстемпоральное приготовление лекарств по рецепту (незамедлительное)
X. Прочтите текст А и переведите его на русский язык:
The practice of pharmacy
The practice of pharmacy has undergone a major transformation in the twentieth century. Pharmacists have evolved from herbalists, compounding and dispensing a limited formulary of poorly controlled products to drug information specialists handling thousands of sophisticated and highly refined pharmaceutical products. Although pharmacists are still in a period of significant professional change, it is doubtful that their role in compounding and dispensing products will ever be totally replaced with other professional responsibilities. Regardless of his or her other professional duties, the pharmacist is responsible for ensuring that the product which he or she dispenses are safe, accurate, and appropriate for the patient. Hence, the pharmacist must possess skills, knowledge, and understanding of basic principles which allow him to maintain accuracy in compounding and dosing.
The skills and activities inherent in the provision of pharmaceutical care include, though are not limited to, the following:
a) patient assessment;
b) patient education and counseling;
c) patient-specific pharmacist care plans necessary for recognition, prevention, and management of drug interactions;
d) drug treatment protocols;
e) dosage adjustment;
f) selection of therapeutic alternatives;
g) preventive services;
h) managerial skills.
An integral part of pharmaceutical care is proper documentation, which involves systematic recording of patient information, drug monitoring, data processing, inventory record maintenance for dispensing of controlled substances, and reporting information on adverse drug reactions to the local and regional Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committees.
The practice of pharmacy embraces a variety of settings, patient populations, and specialist, as well as generalist, pharmaceutical settings. In today’s pharmacy practice, a pharmacist must be able to provide services in all settings, including home, hospital and ambulatory care, primary care, consultation, long-term care, and community pharmacy practice.
A pharmacist may specialize within a narrow field of practice, or incorporate one or more areas of focused practice into a general practice of pharmacy. Examples of highly specialized practice include pharmacist-directed diabetes management clinics, hypertension clinics, hospital-based infectious disease services, and others.
TASKS:
I. Answer the questions:
1 How has the practice of pharmacy changed in the twentieth century?
2 What is the chief responsibility of the pharmacist today?
3 What skills do you consider to be most important for the pharmacist to possess?
4 What are specialized fields of practice?
5 Where do you prefer to work: in specialized or general practice of pharmacy?
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