V. Проанализируйте предложения, найдите причастие и существительное, которое им определяется, определите функцию. Переведите предложения на русский язык
1. Burning coal causes pollution.
2. Copper and nickel form alloys having low electrical conductivity.
3. Using light energy, plant cells convert simple compounds into more complex materials.
4. Care must be taken when working with X – rays.
5. When an atomic nucleus is unstable it decomposes spontaneously, emitting high – energy particles.
6. Grass is green, leafy, flowering plant.
7. After cell division, plant cells rearrange or restructure their cell walls, removing cellulose in some places and building it up in others.
8. More than 80% of all plants living today are flowering plants.
VI. Переведите предложения с парными союзами.
1.The patient complained both of a high temperature and of the pain in the chest.
2. Both the therapeutist and the surgeon have come to the conclusion to treat the patient at home.
3. Both experienced cardiologists and neurologists work at the in-patient department of the polyclinic.
4. At the polyclinic consulting hours may be both in the morning and in the evening.
5. The nurse fills in both temperature charts and gives injections.
6. Measurements both in wax and oil dispersions gave the same results.
7. It was decided to carry out various oxidation reactions both under normal conditions and under reduced pressure.
8. All drugs can cause both wanted and unwanted reactions.
9. Lithium undergoes a large number of reactions with both organic, and inorganic, reagents.
10. Both plants and animals are able to use the energy to drive their life processes.
VII. Прочтите слова, запомните их произношение и дайте их русские эквиваленты:
Pharmacy, pharmacology, pharmacognosy, pharmacopoeia, substance, combination, analysis, standartdization, professionally, pharmacist, ingredient, manufacture, physics, chemistry, botany, nature, origin, identification, formula, characteristics, structure
VIII. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания:
to concern – касаться, иметь отношение
to involve – вовлекать
to compound – смешивать, соединять, составлять
to dispense – фасовать, приготовлять и распределять (о лекарствах)
to store – хранить
to sell (sold) – продавать, отпускать по прописи
to require – требовать
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to transfer – переносить, перемещать
to prescribe – прописывать, выписывать
prescription – рецепт
to demand – требовать
origin – начало; источник; происхождение
to embrace – включать, содержать в себе, заключать
sourсe – начало, источник
distribution- распределение
pure – чистый
purely – чисто; исключительно, вполне
to preserve – сохранять
powder – порошок
properly – должным образом, правильно
odour – запах, аромат
taste – вкус
to expose – выставлять, подвергать воздействию
moist – влажный
litmus – лакмус, лакмусовый
to retard – задерживать, замедлять, тормозить
deterioration - ухудшение, порча
IX. Прочтите и переведите следующие однокоренные слова:
Concern – concerned – concerning, science – scientist – scientific - scientifically, combine – combined – combining – combination, collect – collected – collecting – collection, prepare – prepared – preparing – preparation, define – defined – defining – definition, describe – described – describing – description, react – reacted – reacting – reaction
X. Прочтите и переведите следующие словосочетания:
The science which concerns; medicines are compounded, dispensed, stored and sold; requires the scientific combination; to have knowledge of different subjects; the field of medicine; a list of medicinal substances; the structure of the drug; the official description; physical properties; an important test of identity or purity; the proper method of packaging and storing; to prevent or retard deterioration
XI. Прочтите вопросы и постарайтесь ответить на них перед чтением текста:
1. What does the word “Pharmacy” mean? 2. What is pharmacology? 3. Do you know what pharmacognosy means? 4. Have you ever heard about pharmacopoeia? You are going to learn all this information in the text given below.
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XII. Прочтите и переведите текст А.
Text A. Practice of Pharmacy
Pharmacy is the science which concerns the study of medical substances. It involves not only medicines, compounding and dispensing them but their combination, analysis and standardization as well. The word “pharmacy” is also used to define the place where medicines are compounded, dispensed, stored and sold. A person who is scientifically and professionally capable of engaging in the practice of pharmacy is called a “pharmacist”.
The compounding of medicines usually requires the scientific combination of 2 or more ingredients but dispensing may only require the transfer of manufactured products to a prescription container. Both services demand special knowledge, experience and high professional standards. A pharmacist should have knowledge of different subjects such as physics, chemistry, botany, etc.
The field of medicine which studies drugs, their nature, origin, and effect in the body is called “pharmacology”. Pharmacology is broadly defined as the science of drugs.
Pharmacognosy is the science which embraces the history, source, cultivation, collection, preparation, distribution, identification, composition, purity and preservation of drugs of vegetable and animal origin.
A Pharmacopoeia is a book containing a list of medicinal substances with description, tests and formulas for preparing the same. The pharmacopoeial names of chemical substances do not always represent their chemical composition. The official description consists usually of physical characteristics, the structure of the drug when sectioned or powdered. The official description usually includes its physical properties such as colour, crystalline and other forms, odour, taste and the result of exposure to air. It’s important for the pharmacist to know if chemicals are stable or if they lose to attract moisture. The reaction to litmus or other indicators is also indicated unless the reaction is an important test of identity or purity. The Pharmacopeia describes also the proper method of packaging and storing the drug to prevent or retard deterioration.
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Words:
dispensing- расфасовка; standard–уровень; official description – фармакопейное (официальное) описание; a prescription container – ёмкость, предусмотренная рецептом; exposure to air–воздействие воздуха; to lose to attract moisture – терять свойства, притягивая влагу; to retard deterioration–замедлять, задерживать, тормозить ухудшение (состояния или качества)
TASKS
I. Give definitions to the following:
pharmacy, pharmacist, pharmacognosy, pharmacology, pharmacopoeia
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