OK. That's everything on Part Two. I will now move on to Part Three. Let's now take administrative courts
Courts of administrative law adjudicate on claims and suits against government offices and agencies. The administrative stream is made up of administrative courts, courts of administrative appeal, and the Council of State as the court of last resort.
The Council of State hears cases against executive branch decisions and has the power to quash or set aside executive-issued statutory instruments such as orders and regulations when they violate constitutional law, enacted legislation, or codified law.
Any jurisdictional dispute between the judicial and administrative streams are settled by a special court called Tribunal des conflits, or "Court of Jurisdictional Dispute", composed of an equal number of Supreme Court justices and councillors of State.
That's all. I am ready to answer your questions.
Topic 7.The Constitutional Council.
Тoday I would like to introduce you “Constitutional Council”. I've divided the talk into three sections. First point is the main areas of power. Second point is examination of laws. And the third point is composition of the senate.
So, the first part of my presentation is the main areas of power.
The Council has two main areas of power:
1. The first is the supervision of elections, both presidential and parliamentary and ensuring the legitimacy of referendums. They issue the official results, they ensure proper conduct and fairness, and they see that campaign spending limits are adhered to. The Council is the supreme authority in these matters. The Council can
declare an election to be invalid if improperly conducted, or if the elected candidate used illegal methods, or if he spent for his campaign over the legal limits.
2. The second area of Council power is the interpretation of the fundamental meanings of the constitution, procedure, legislation, and treaties. The Council can declare dispositions of laws to be contrary to the Constitution of France or to the principles of constitutional value that it has deduced from the Constitution or from the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. It also may declare laws to be in contravention of treaties which France has signed, such as the European Convention on Human Rights. The decisions of the Council are binding on all authorities.
So, that's all I have to say on the first point. Let's move on to the second section which I have called examination of laws.
In some cases, examination of laws by the Council is compulsory. Organic bills, those which fundamentally affect government and treaties, need to be assessed by the Council before they are considered ratified. Amendments concerning the rules governing parliamentary procedures need to be considered by the Council, as well. Guidance may be sought from the Council in regard to whether reform should come under statute law (voted by Parliament) or whether issues are considered as règlement (regulation) to be adopted with decree of the prime minister.
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OK. That's everything on Part Two. I will now move on to Part Three. Let'snowtakecompositionofthesenate.
The Council is made up of former presidents of the Republic who have chosen to sit in the council and nine other members who serve non-renewable terms of nine years, one third of whom are appointed every three years, three by the president of the Republic, three by the president of the National Assembly, and three by the president of the Senate. The president of the Council is selected by the president of the Republic.
That's all. I am ready to answer your questions.
Topic 8. Political parties and party organization in France
Тoday I would like to introduce you “Political parties and their roles. Party organization”. I've divided the talk into three sections. First point is features of the French political party system. Second point is party organization. And the third point is roles of political parties.
So, the first part of my presentation is features of the French political party system.
French politics are characterised by two politically opposed groupings: one Left-wing centredaround the French Socialist Party and the other Right-wing and centred around the neo-Gaullist Union for a Popular Movement (UMP). The French take their politics seriously and voter participation is very high (it was nearly 80% in the 2012 Presidential election).
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