Список выражений, в которых употребляется герундий
| It’s no (good) use …- Бесполезно | It’s no use trying to persuade me. |
| There’s no point in…- Бессмысленно | There was no point in waiting, so we went away. |
| It’s (not) worth… (Не) стоит... | This film is really worth seeing. I live nearby so it’s not worth taking a taxi. |
| Have (no) difficulty/ problem…- Испытывать/ столкнуться с трудностями/ проблемами | I had difficulty finding a place to live. We had no trouble getting a visa. |
| Look forward to… - С нетерпением ждать | I’m looking forward to hearing from you. |
| It’s a waste of time/ money – пустая трата времени/ денег | It’s a waste of time trying to persuade me. It was a waste of money buying this suite. |
| Spend/ waste time – проводить/ тратить время | I spent hours trying to persuade them. You waste a lot of time talking on the phone. |
| Go …(activities, sports) – заниматься… … swimming …плаванием … shopping …делать покупки … sightseeing …осматривать достопримечательности … skiing, etc….кататься на лыжах | How often do you go swimming? I had to go shopping this morning. Would you like to go sightseeing with me tomorrow? I’m going skiing next year. |
Список глаголов, после которых возможно употребление как герундия, так и инфинитива:
| Без изменения значения: | |
| Begin, start, continue; Like, love, hate, prefer, can’t stand, can’t bear; Advise, encourage, allow, permit | It began to rain/ raining. I like to read/ reading. I wouldn’t advise staying/ you to stay at this hotel. |
| С изменением значения: | |
| Remember + infinitive (помнить о необходимости выполнить какое-либо поручение, задачу) Remember + gerund (помнить что-либо, что произошло в прошлом) | = Please, remember to mail the letter. = I remember meeting him at the conference. |
| Forget+ infinitive (забыть что-либо сделать, о долге, обязанности и тд.) Forget+ gerund (забыть что-либо, что произошло в прошлом) | = He often forgets to lock the door. = I’ll never forget finalizing my first deal. |
| Regret+ infinitive (с сожалением сообщить кому-либо плохие новости) Regret+ gerund (сожалеть о чем-то, что произошло в прошлом) | = I regret to tell you that our talks failed. = I regret lending him the money- he never paid me back. |
| Stop+ infinitive (остановиться, чтобы что-то сделать, с какой-либо целью) Stop+ gerund (бросить, перестать что-либо делать) | = He stopped to smoke. = He stopped smoking |
| Go on + infinitive (начать делать что-то другое, сменить деятельность) Go on + gerund (продолжать заниматься какой-либо деятельностью) | = After leaving IBM he went to start his own company. = They went on trading, even though they were technically insolvent. |
| Mean + infinitive (собираться что-то сделать) Mean + gerund (означать/предполагать наличие чего-либо) | = I meant to let you know, but I got side-tracked. = Globalization means being active in every major market. |
| Try/ attempt+ infinitive (пытаться сделать что-то) Try/ attempt+ gerund (пробовать разные подходы к решению какой-либо проблемы, проверяя, работают ли они) | =I’m trying to learn English. =As it was hot I in the room, I tried opening the window first but that didn’t help; so I tried turning on the fan, but I was still hot; then finally I turned on the air conditioner. |
| После глаголов чувственного восприятия:feel, hear, see, notice, listen to- используется инфинитив без to | |
| I saw her give her presentation (я видел всю презентацию). I heard the machine make a strange noise (я услышал какой-то шум, который не прекращался). | I saw her giving her presentation (я видел часть презентации). I heard the machine making a strange noise (я услышал шум, но он прекратился). |
Упражнения
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1. Выберите правильный вариант.
1.I stopped on Paris for a few days to meet/meeting Henri.
2.We’ve stopped to meet/meeting so often. It was a waste of time.
3.Learning a language means to be/being interested in the culture as well.
4.I meant to make/making some more copies of the report, but I didn’t have time.
5.Please, remember to speak/speaking to Josie when you see her.
6.I don’t remember to say/saying anything like that.
7.I tried to open/opening the window, but it was too high to reach.
8.I tried to open/opening the window, but it was still too hot in the room.
9.I’ll never forget to give/giving my first presentation to the Board.
10. Don’t forget to look/looking at the audience when you speak.
11. I really regret to quit/quitting my MBA course.
12. We regret to announce/announcing the death of our founder, Mr Kobuchi.
13. We should go on to sell/selling this model for at least another six months.
14. First I’ll give you an overview of the company, then I’ll go on to describe/describing our new range of products.
2. Замените глаголы в скобках герундием, используя предлоги in, without, of, by там, где необходимо.
1. As a result of the slowing economy and other factors the federal budget deficit began (to head) upward again.
2. One of the advantages of sole proprietorship is that an owner can make decisions quickly and decisively (to have to) consult others.
3. Even if the rate has gone down, the lender benefits (to increase) the size of its original loan at a lower rate of interest.
4. Repeated devaluation can only result other countries completely (to lose) confidence in a currency.
5. The rapid progress of those countries can be achieved (to better) the development of highly advanced states.
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6. Their available cash will buy many more shares, giving them the opportunity (to make) more profit and also the risk (to suffer) greater losses.
3. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в соответствующую форму инфинитива или герундия:
Viktor: My line manager asked me to meet (meet) with her next week for my first performance review. I keep ___ (wonder) what I should say.
Isabel: Well, since you since you started working here your performance has been excellent.
Viktor: Thanks. I considered ___ (ask) them ___ (raise) my salary at the review meeting, but Anna advised me ___ (wait) a little longer before asking for a rise. Instead I might ask for some training. I’d like to learn ___ (use) our SAP software better.
Isabel: It’s a good idea – there’s no point ___ (try) to learn just by watching other people. The software is quite complex, and really we should all be trained ___ (use) it.
Viktor: Exactly. I don’t want to risk ___ (lose) any information by entering data in the wrong way. Sometimes I think I might even cause the whole system ___ (crash) by doing something stupid. I’m new in this job and I can’t afford ___ (take) risks like that.
Isabel: You’re right. I think you’ll manage ___ (persuade) them ___ (send) you on the course without any difficulty.
4. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод герундия в различных функциях
1. New optimism about exports has affected productivity mainly by raising the level of investment and not primarily by improving its allocation.
2. By keeping government interference to a minimum, we should liberate initiative and enterprise.
3. Much effort is spent on thinking out ways of reducing inflation and considerable sacrifices are accepted in attempts to avoid it.
4. Like printing paper money, issuing too much stock diminishes the basic value of each share.
5. England was the most successful of the European nations at colonizing what would become the United States.
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6. Self-employed businesses are famous for being able to respond almost instantly to changes in demand.
7. Their buying or selling can indicate to their investors their degree of confidence in the future of the company.
8. There were deficits in the 1930s, without bringing about a real recovery.
9. By raising more money in taxation that it uses for current expenditure, the surplus can directly or indirectly finance investment.
10.We must face the fact, though, that having more economic goals, and more demanding ones, inevitably increases the possibility of conflict between them.
Test
1. Заполните пропуски, поставив глаголы в скобках в нужную (неличную) форму глагола:
- You asked us___ (quote) for a comprehensive IT service contract, and I think we’ve given you a reasonable proposal. Now you’re saying that you’re not interested in___ (sign) a contract for full service cover.
- Our objective is ___ (make sure) that we have adequate support but without ___ (work) with two or three different suppliers will enable us ___ (draw) on the different skills and abilities that each company has to offer.
- You don’t want ___ (make) a commitment, you’re expecting us ___ (make) one.
- We’re offering ___ (pay) you for partial support. It’s still a good deal for you. How about ___ (give) it your consideration, at least?
2. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную форму герундия или инфинитива
The symbol of bad economic times is the dying office plant. Companies stop ___ (water) their plants when they can’t afford ___ (pay) someone to do the job. When budgets get better, they start ___ (water) again – and even think about ___ (buy) more plants.
Another symbol is company ___ (train). In good times, companies spend more on ___ (train), and especially on ___ (provide) development programmes for junior staff. At the same time, senior managers can look forward to (go) off on conferences abroad.
In good times as well as in bad, the big leaders are used to ___ (pay) themselves huge sums of money. This is something that is not expected ___ (change) in the near future.
3. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. Look at these sales figures; they’re really surprised/ surprising.
2. “Have you seen the sales figures?”-“Yes, I’m really surprised/ surprising ”.
3. I look forward to hear/ hearing from you soon.
4. I hope we’re going to hear/ hearing from them soon.
5. In my last job we sometimes used to work/ working on Saturday morning.
6. I can’t help you – I’m not used to work/ working with this software.
7. I found your talk absolutely fascinated/ fascinating.
8. I was absolutely fascinated/ fascinating by your talk.
4. Преобразуйте следующие предложения, используя сложное подлежащее вместо сложного дополнения.
1. The manager made him do the work again.
2. The secretary watched her boss signing her papers.
3. Financial troubles caused her to quit the course.
4. The let the students go home for the weekend.
5. I expect the graduates to look for jobs now.
6. Everybody expects him to make a wonderful career as a doctor.
7. I don’t suppose you to find the right job so easily.
5. Определите, какой частью речи является выделенное слово working в следующих предложениях:
1.’Blue collar’ means working class.
2. I’m tired of working so hard.
3. I enjoy working from home.
4. Working with you has been a pleasure.
5. The people working here are all nice.
6. I’m working on an unusual project.
6. Выполните перевод текста, обращая внимание на неличные формы глагола.
Virtual market research allows companies to test how their products perform in a virtual store in cyberspace. Chicago-based In Context Solutions writes the software that creates the store and analyzes the data on shoppers’ behaviour. Their aim, according to their founder, is to provide companies with “data-driven analytics to help them make key decisions on product placement, pricing, promotion, branding, display design and store layout.”
Св. план 2011 г., поз.
Фомина Татьяна Дмитриевна
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