Person, number and tense
Regular verbs all use the same endings to indicate person (first, second or third), number (singular or plural) and tense (present simple or past simple).
Person (first/second/third)
Person relates to the type of subject. I and we indicate the first person, you (singular and plural) indicates the second person and he, she, it, they and noun subjects indicate the third person. Regular verbs have the same form for all persons, but third person singular present simple ends in -s:
I love Japanese food.
My sister live s with two other students.
They worked for a French company based in London.
She arrived at the office around nine o’clock most days.
Number (singular/plural)
Number indicates whether the subject is singular or plural. Regular verbs have the same form for singular and plural, but third person singular present simple ends in -s:
We love historical dramas on TV.
They lived in a huge house in the country somewhere.
He work s terribly hard.
He always arrived late.
Tense (present/past)
Tense indicates whether the verb is present or past. The past simple of regular verbs ends in -ed for all persons and numbers:
They loved everything about Australia.
She lived in Spain for a couple of years.
I worked on Saturday so I stayed at home on Monday.
The police arrived within minutes.
Warning:
We always need an e in the -ed form (past simple and -ed form) of regular verbs:
I don’t know what happened at the last meeting.
Not: I don’t know what happend at the last meeting.
Other verbs which are often misspelt in this way are: bother, complain, consider, join, recover, remain.
The -es ending
If the verb ends in -ch, -s, -ss, - sh, -x or -z, then -es is added to make the third person singular present simple.
| watch | watches | She watches the news every night at ten o’clock. |
| pass | passes | Luckily, the bus passes by my house. |
| wish | wishes | She wishes that she had gone to university. |
| fix | fixes | My friend, who’s a mechanic, fixes our car for us. |
See also:
Present simple (I work)
Past simple (I worked)
Subject–verb agreement
Irregular verbs
Irregular verbs follow the same rules as regular verbs for the present simple but have different forms for the past simple and the -ed form.
Some irregular verbs have the same form for the base, the past simple and the -ed form, e.g. hit, hit, hit; let, let, let; put, put, put.
Some irregular verbs share a form for the past simple and -ed form which is different from the base form, e.g. bring, brought, brought; feel, felt, felt; have, had, had.
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Some irregular verbs have a base form which ends in -d and a past simple and -ed form which end in -t, e.g. bend, bent, bent; build, built, built; send, sent, sent; spend, spent, spent.
Some irregular verbs have a different form for the base form, the past simple and the -ed form, e.g. drink, drank, drunk; go, went, gone; take, took, taken.
The verb be has different forms for different persons in the present simple and past simple.
| base form | present simple | past simple | -ed form | ||
| be | I she, he, it you, we, they | am is are | I, she, he, it you, we, they | was were | been |
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