Examples of the three basic forms
When you look up a verb in the dictionary, you will often find the three forms listed together, especially for irregular verbs. Here are some examples (regular verbs are printed in blue; irregular verbs are printed in black).
| base form | past simple | -ed form |
| open | opened | opened |
| love | loved | loved |
| watch | watched | watched |
| swim | swam | swum |
| go | went | gone |
| make | made | made |
| put | put | put |
Pronunciation and meaning
Warning:
Some verbs have a similar pronunciation but a different meaning:
We love to just lie on the beach.
Not: We love to just lay on the beach.
Lie/lay/lain is used without an object. Lay/laid/laid must have an object: e.g. I’ll lay the table then we can eat.
Other verbs like this are: affect/effect, bare/bear, fine/find, note/notice, raise/rise.
Warning:
Sometimes a verb is confused with another word which sounds similar but is from a different word class:
I don’t want to lose contact with my school friends.
Not: I don’t want to loose contact with my school friends.
(Lose is a verb. Loose is an adjective, e.g. These shoes are too loose; I need a smaller size.)
Other pairs like this are: advise (verb)/ advice (noun), practise (verb)/ practice (noun).
Regular verbs
Most verbs in English are regular. Regular verbs add -ing to the base form to make the - ing form, and -ed to the base form to make the past simple and the -ed form.
| base form | -ing form | past simple | -ed form |
| look | looking | looked | looked |
| listen | listening | listened | listened |
| play | playing | played | played |
| work | working | worked | worked |
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