Закрепление грамматического и лексического материала
I. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на оборот «there + to be»,
в этом обороте глагол «be» может употребляться в личной и неличной форме,
в любом времени, наклонении (кроме повелительного) и с модальными глаголами. На месте глагола «be» могут использоваться и другие смысловые глаголы со значением возникновения, становления, существования, наиболее характерные для научного текста.
to appear – возникать, появляться; to follow – следовать;
to exist – существовать; to seem – казаться;
to remain – оставаться; to live – жить;
there is – имеется, существует;
there will be – будет существовать;
there were – имелись, существовали;
there must be – должно быть, должно существовать;
there could be – могло (бы), могло бы существовать;
there would be – имелось бы, могло бы существовать;
there would have been– существовало бы;
there being – так как существует.
1. There are still a lot of problems to be solved.
2. There is one important factor to be considered.
3. There is no end to evolutionary process.
4. There were no mistakes in these calculations.
5. There is something interesting in this area.
6. There is an unexplored area as big as that explored.
7. There will never be another such possibility.
8. There will be nobody who could prove it.
9. There are things that one can’t do for oneself.
10. Where there is will (желание), there is a way out.
11. There is a much more distinct difference between summer and winter
temperature.
|
|
|
12. I think there will not (won’t) be many students at tomorrow’s meeting.
13. There will follow many days of hard work.
14. There might be some trouble.
15. There may be heaven (рай); there must be hell (ад); meantime, there is our
earth there-well (да!!).
16. There should be a way out (выход из какого-либо положения).
17. For a system to be in complete equilibrium, it is necessary that there be
mechanical equilibrium.
18. There still remained much work to do.
19. There existed a great interest in this method.
20. There remains one more controversal (противоречие) phenomenon to discribe.
21. There is hardly any aspect of human life that would not be affected by
changes that automation will bring about.
22. With the discovery of laser and the development of coherent optics there
appeared a new way concentratiny energy in plasma.
II. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на видо-временную форму сказуемого.
1. The population of our planet is constantly growing.
2. I’ve got an interesting story to read.
3. Until 1891 the underground (metro) trains were steam-driven.
4. All the work will be done automatically.
5. There will be a lot (many) of science centres in the town.
6. It didn’t take them more than three hours to carry out (do) the test.
7. Two new schools are being built in this district (микрорайон).
8. In some countries sick people do not get medical help, children do not go
to school.
9. They have been living in this country for 30 years.
10. They were making measurements when the earthquake began.
11. The librarian will register all the books that will have come to the library
by the end of the month.
12. It has been planned to hold a conference devoted to the problems of mineral
resources.
13. The bank has been offering new services since last year.
14. I had much work to do at the office yesterday; I had been working at the prob-
lem for 10 hours by that time.
|
|
|
15. The students will have to go over (repeat) the material of the lectures before
the examination.
16. Yesterday one of our scientific workers completed the experiment which he
had begun some months before.
17. Before the new machine is stopped tomorrow morning, it will have been
working an hour.
18. They had covered 4 800 km (3000 miles) but they had not reached the
Pacific Ocean.
19. They have been investigating the problem for a year.
20. By 6 o’clock he will have been testing the system for 3 hours.
21. These devices are now being given the leading role in the exploration of space,
the Moon and other celestial (небесный) bodies, because they cost less and are
more effective for lunar research and exploration than manned spaceships.
22. In Great Britain the first teachers were craftsmen (ремесленники).
23. It is thought that schools first started in Egypt 5000 to 6000 years ago,
and that it was the invention of writing that made them necessary.
24. Throughout the great Roman Empire there was a network of schools free
of charge (бесплатный) which provided for three stages of education.
25. We are taught to read and write, and are taught many of the essential facts
about the world and are shown how to sort them out so that (чтобы) later in
life we shall be able to find out things ourselves and not to ask other people.
26. Nowadays not only is business becoming a science, but science has in most
instances already become a business.
27. So far (до сих пор) we have been able to visualize what was being discussed.
28. The amount of input information will gradually be being reduced throughout
the whole process.
29. We are trying to do our best.
30. This could have been noticed by the programmer if he would have inspected
his programme carefully.
31. If the benefit were to be allowed to increase profits to be distributed to share-
holders, there might not be sufficient addition to consumer demand to absorb
the additional goods to be produced.
|
|
|
32. In the former case the characters (характерные признаки, особенности)
should show great similarity; in the latter case they should show great diversity.
33. They suggested that such results would be very carefully considered.
34. My boss said I was difficult to work with, and she said she wouldn’t be able
to give me promotion. She even asked if I had thought about getting another
job.
35. She said she might be able to find me something different to do, because
I told her that my work was very boring.
III. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на ing формы.
1. A primitive man had no idea of the earth’s being round.
2. A barometer is an instrument measuring atmospheric pressure.
3. First-year students are being examined in room 33.
4. While you are looking through the article, I’ll be preparing for the test.
5. Looking at the map of the world, you can see that water occupies the greater
part at the earth’s surface.
6. Though Americans are used to everything being advertized, watching such
programmes gives one a headache instead of providing relaxation.
7. The solving of the problem was approved (одобрять).
8. There are different (various) ways of solving this problem.
9. A man should be viewed (рассматривать) as a free rational being possessing
a free will.
10. Swimming is my favourite occupation but I’am fond of jogging too (бег
трусцой).
11. The purpose of the method is determining system stability.
12. In spite of being complicated the problem has been solved.
13. The longest landing platform 1100 meters, is at the underground station
in Chicago.
14. Having landed in Britain the Romans founded a military station on the north
bank of the river Thames.
|
|
|
15. Being skilled in the art of building they started fortifying their settlements
and laying roads across the country.
16. We read about many Oxford graduates remaining unemployed.
17. The earlier calendars that were offered by aincient astronomers were lunar
calendars, each month being given the name by the Romans.
18. The first man to succeed in swimming the Channel in 1875 was Captain
Webb, an Englishman.
19. Research work is carried out for the purpose of advancing man’s knowledge.
20. They succeeded in getting reliable information on dealing with these types
of errors.
21. Feeling better equipped and more confident he decided to find a sea route
which would link the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific.
22. Our specialists have made some new discoveries, the latter being com-
mented upon in various scientific magazins.
23. Washington, the capital of US having been planned and designed with great
thought (продуманы), it is easy to get to any point of the town.
24. The capital is constantly growing and the main feature of Moscow’s present
development is the establishment of the industries requiring highly skilled
labour and the branches producing high-quality equippment as well as the
development of new technologies.
25. The Metro Toronto Zoo has a fine collection comprising a few thousand
specimens reprsenting nearly 280 species (видов).
26. Great Britain being an island, it’s climate is rather mild.
27. The highest-elevated underground is in Mexico lying deep at an altitude
of 2,279 metres above sea level.
28. Many terminals (терминалы) are more complex, having many devices
for sending and receiving data messages.
29. The experiment that is being conducted is of great interest and is thought
of as being highly promising.
30. The relatively broad beam (about 20°) of this antenna facilitates finding
the satellite in space.
31. One cannot expect a complicated problem like that of using solar energy
to be solved in a year or so.
32. Programming a computer involves analysing the problem to be solved and
a plan to solve it.
33. In planning, accurate decision-making reduces uncertainty.
34. Scientific research, in many fields, is now dependent on computers, either
for working out the implications (выводы) of a theory, or for handling the
very large amounts of data obtained from certain experiments.
35. A space suit is a complete miniature world, a self-contained environment
that must supply everything needed for an austronaut’s life; but the best
engineering has not been able to provide as much flexibility of movement as
is desirable.
IV. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание наразличные функции инфинитива.
1. The aim of any research is to enlarge the possibilities offered by modern
science.
2. To live is to learn.
3. To answer the teacher’s question was difficult.
4. His work will be to make measurements.
5. Knowledge in this field will help (to) solve some problems.
6. The duties of a postman are to deliver letters and newspapers.
7. He can’t do this work properly (должным образом).
8. To elect and to be elected is the right of every citizen of this country.
9. In the future it will be more and more difficult for the national economy
to support the increasing number of elderly (престарелые).
10. The teacher considers this subject to be very interesting for the discussion.
11. She is clever enough to show her emotions in such a situation.
12. To aquire skill and knowledge became the boy’s greatest desire.
13. Canadian Geographic Information Systems are being used in many countries
to intigrate and analyse information on climate, soil and other conditions to
determine the best type of crops to plant in a given area.
14. Lomonosov was the first to establish the first chemical laboratory in Russia
and himself headed it in its work.
15. Scientists have been conducting (doing) very important research in order
to study the Earth’s space environment.
16. It was for our engineer to decide what kind (type) of a computer to use.
17. The history of automatic computers is believed to have started with Charles
Babbage who was a professor of mathematics at Cambridge University.
18. To programme a computer is to analyse the problem to be solved and
to make a plan for solving it.
19. There are some scientists who seem to be born to be scientists.
20. From the earliest civilizations maps have been used to portray (present)
information about the earth’s surface.
21. Geometrical optics is known to account for the phenomena of reflection.
22. The director ordered these documents to be sent off at once.
23. I know him to be working at this problem.
24. Astronomy, phylosophy and mathematics are supposed to have been known
in Egypt as early as 5000 years B.C. (Before Christ).
25. So as (in order to) to obtain good results you must do such exercises
every day.
26. To discover new sources of energy and to develop new methods of power
generation is the main problem to be solved by our scientists.
27. The method to be used in our research work has (is) to be reliable.
28. The aim of the expedition was to examine the mountain and the surrounding
area and find a route by which a later expedition might hope to reach the top.
29. They must get used to their customs.
30. Newton’s principal contribution to mechanics is often considered to be the
discovery of his three laws of motion.
31. B. Franklin (1706 – 1790) is acknowledged to be the founder of the theory
of atmospheric electricity.
32. At present a lot of silver is being processed to produce light-sensitive
materials.
33. The tunnel builders are supposed to encounter (to face) many difficulties
in driving tunnels.
34. There are two approaches to the solution of the problem, one to be used
in analytical investigations, the other in simulation (модeлирование).
35. The legislation is designed to protect the environment against pollution by
industry or by any other source, including general public.
Дата добавления: 2018-02-18; просмотров: 449; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!