Конфликты, которые несут угрозу существованию цивилизации. 5 страница
Second, learning a foreign language leads to a better understanding of cultures and mentalities different from one’s own; and though it may be interesting to bow rather than to shake hands, the important thing is the thinking and questioning process that should lead to a better understanding of one’s own culture as well as those of others.
Third, learning a language opens the door to great literatures and philosophies, which can have a tremendous impact on one’s life. Reading literature in the language written is truly “living” the author’s creation, in a way not possible though translation – no matter how great the translator.
Finally, we do business in a global economy; the better we communicate with associates around the world, the greater success we will achieve.
27. Today in some colleges and universities a debate is going on about the importance of:
A. studying mathematics
B. learning a foreign language
C. studying different disciplines
28. When you live in the United States, knowledge of a foreign language is:
A. necessary
B. helpful
C. both necessary and helpful
29. Learning French gives one a chance to communicate in:
A. Spanish speaking countries
B. some Arabic speaking countries and China
C. some European countries, Canada, and Africa
30. Learning a foreign language leads to a better understanding of:
A. your own country and mentality
B. different ways of bowing and shaking hands
C. cultures and mentalities of people coming from different countries
31. Learning a foreign language help:
A. to write great literatures
B. to understand great world literatures
C. you to have a tremendous impact on great literatures Read the text and choose the right answer:
English is the most widely spoken language in the world. It is the first language, or mother tongue, of around 400 million people living in Britain, Ireland, the US, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and South Africa, and is spoken as a second language by another 300 million people. English is learned by many more people worldwide as a foreign language. Altogether about 1.3 billion (1 300 million) people speak English, and the number is increasing. English has become a global language or international language, used by people who speak different native languages to communicate with each other.
English has achieved the status of a world language over a long period of time, and for various historical and cultural reasons. In the 17th century English was spread by settlers going from Britain to America, and in the 18th and 19th centuries by the expansion of the British Empire. Many countries which were part of the empire kept English as their official language after independence. This avoided their having to choose between competing local languages. As an official language, English is generally used in government, public administration and the law, and children may be taught in English. Some countries feel that using English gives them an advantage in international affairs. More recently, the military and political power of the US has contributed to the spread of English. People in many countries who have had contact with these great powers have been expected to learn English. Since the middle of the 20th century, English has been an official language of international organizations such as the United Nations.
|
|
|
Economic factors are also important. Britain and the US are both major business and financial centers, and many multinational corporations started in these countries. Elsewhere, knowledge of English is often seen as necessary for success in business.
32. English is spoken by many people worldwide:
A. to learn it
B. to use it instead of their native languages
C. to communicate with each other
33. In the seventeenth century English was spread by:
A. the expansion of the British Empire
B. settlers going from Britain to America
C. many countries which were part of the British Empire
34. Some countries feel that using English gives them an advantage in:
A. public administration and the law
B. international affairs
C. teaching English to children
35. People worldwide who have contact with Great Britain and the United States have been expected:
A. to choose local languages
B. to contribute to the spread of English
C. to learn English
36. English is often seen as:
A. necessary for success in business
B. an economic factor
C. necessary for starting multinational corporations Read the text and choose the right answer:
Aside from the tremendous increase in use of the Internet by all segments of the population (15 million households in the United States alone), businesses in particular are using the Net as a marketplace. As a businessman or -woman with a computer and modem, you can research just about anything, finding links to resources for your business. And now the Internet itself is being transformed into a marketplace: advertisements, sales brochures, cyberstores, and webzines are offering everything for sale. Businesses are looking to the Net as a current and future marketing tool. Whether you are using the Net for private research, or just for fun, you will certainly encounter your business colleagues discussing the latest thing they saw on-line, and you will want to be informed. Familiarize yourself with its special language, and enjoy comparing notes with colleagues.
|
|
|
There is a discussion today about how beneficial the Web is as a sales tool. Many companies, even those with a tremendous presence on the Web, are not making a lot of money. They are positioning themselves for the future, with hopes that buying on-line will become an everyday event. The question that must be answered is whether the World Wide Web will remain a place of information, or evolve into a profitable marketplace for business.
Actually, if you trace the history and growth of the Internet, you will realize that extraordinary progress has been made. In the last decade, the number of personal computers has multiplied to the point that potential vendors of products and services now see tens of millions of customers to whom they can market their products. As customers become more relaxed and secure about buying on-line, market potential will raise.
37. Using a computer and modem you can find:
A. a marketplace
B. links to resources for your business
C. a cyberstore
38. Businesses are looking to the Internet as:
A. a marketing tool
B. everything for sale
C. webzines
39. Today there is a discussion about the Web as:
A. a tool for making a lot of money
B. a tool for sales
C. a company
40. Web buying will become:
A. impossible
B. a rare event
C. an ordinary thing
41. On-line market potential:
A. will increase
B. will never rise
C. has just risen
Read the text and choose the right answer:
Administrative law is the body of law created by administrative agencies in the form of rules, regulations, orders, and decisions to carry out regulatory powers and duties of such agencies. Administrative law is the legal framework within which public administration is carried out. It derives from the need to create and develop a system of public administration under law, a concept that may be compared with the much older notion of justice under law. Since administration involves the exercise of power by the executive arm of government, administrative law is of constitutional and political, as well as juridical, importance.
|
|
|
There is no universally accepted definition of administrative law, but rationally it may be held to cover the organization, powers, duties, and functions of public authorities of all kinds engaged in administration; their relations with one another and with citizens and nongovernmental bodies; legal methods of controlling public administration; and the rights and liabilities of officials. Administrative law is to a large extent complemented by constitutional law, and the line between them is hard to draw. The organization of a national legislature, the structure of the courts, the characteristics of a cabinet, and the role of the head of state are generally regarded as matters of constitutional law, whereas the substantive and procedural provisions relating to central and local governments and judicial review of administration are reckoned matters of administrative law. But some matters, such as the responsibility of ministers, cannot be exclusively assigned to either
administrative or constitutional law. Some French and American jurists regard administrative law as including parts of constitutional law.
42. Public administration is carried out within the framework of:
A. regulations
B. regulatory powers
C. administrative law
43. Administration involves:
A. the exercise of power
B. administrative law
C. the executive arm of government
44. Administrative law is complemented by:
A. the functions of public authorities of all kinds
B. constitutional law
C. legal methods of controlling public administration
45. Matters of administrative law are procedural provisions relating to:
|
|
|
A. the structure of the courts
B. central and local governments and judicial review of administration
C. the organization of a national legislature and the role of the head of state
46. The responsibility of ministers is assigned to:
A. administrative law
B. constitutional law
C. neither administrative nor constitutional law Read the text and choose the right answer:
We define management as the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals working together in groups, accomplish efficiently selected aims. This basic definition needs to be expanded. As managers, people carry out the managerial functions of planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling.
Management applies to any kind of organization. It applies to managers at all organizational levels. Management applies to small and large organizations, to profit and not-for-profit enterprises, to manufacturing as well as service industries.
The term “enterprise” refers to business, government agencies, hospitals, universities, and other organizations. Effective managing is the concern of the corporation president, the hospital administrator, the government first line supervisor and the like.
Managers are charged with responsibility of taking actions that will make it possible for individuals to make their best contributions to group objectives.
The scope of authority held may vary and the types of problems dealt with may be considerably different. But the fact remains that, as managers, all obtain results by establishing an environment for effective group endeavour. Top-level managers spend more time on planning and organizing than lower-level managers. Leading takes a great deal of time for first-line supervisors.
In a very real sense, in all kinds of organizations, whether business or nonbusiness, the logical and most desirable aim of all managers should be a surplus – managers must establish an environment in which people can establish group goals with the least amount of time, money, materials and personal dissatisfaction.
47. Managers must establish an environment in which:
A. individuals don’t work together
B. individuals design it
C. individuals can accomplish selected aims
48. Management applies to:
A. all types of organization
B. only profit and non-for-profit enterprises
C. only small and large organizations
49. Effective managing is the concern of:
A. only the government first line managers
B. only the corporation management
C. managers at all levels
50. Lower-level managers:
A. spend more time on planning and organizing than top-level managers
B. don’t spend time on planning and organizing
C. spend less time on planning and organizing than top-level managers
51. The most desirable aim of all managers should be accomplishing:
A. individual goals
B. group goals
C. selected goals
Ответы к теме 5. Иностранный язык в письменной коммуникации
1. C.
2. D.
3. B.
4. C.
5. A.
6. B.
7. B.
8. C.
9. D.
10. D.
11. A.
12. D.
13. B.
14. B.
15. D.
16. C.
17. B.
18. A.
19. C.
20. D.
21. B.
22. A.
23. B.
24. C.
25. A.
26. D.
27. B.
28. B.
29. C.
30. C.
31. B.
32. C.
33. B.
34. B.
35. C.
36. A.
37. B.
38. A.
39. B.
40. C.
41. A.
42. C.
43. A.
44. B.
45. C.
46. C.
47. C.
48. A.
49. C.
50. C.
51. B.
Тема 6. Иностранный язык в ситуация межличностного общения
1) Does your watch keep ?
A. Good timesB. talking C. being talked D. be talking
2) You are early. – Yes, but notI had intended.
A. as early as B. early C. as early D. so early
3) There’s something wrong with my leg.
| A. can walk hardly B. can hard walk | C. hardly can walk | D. can hardly walk |
| 4) Have you got work to do? | ||
| A. many B. much | C. few | D. a few |
| 5) What to do next? | ||
| A. are you going B. you are going | C. you going are | D. going you |
6) cold in Moscow in winter?
A. Is it B. Does it C. Is there D. Does there
7) What’s the matter? - I for David. Have you seen him?
A. look B. am looking C. have been looking D. have looked
8) Yesterday she some nice shoes.
A. buy B. buys C. bought D. buyed
9) In this office you wear a tie, it’s not necessary.
A. can’t B. don’t need C. don’t have to D. shouldn’t
10) Please, don’t give me more work to do.
A. some B. any C. no D. none
11) I like listening to music.- So
A. do I B. like I C. am I D. I do
12) I’m afraid my clothes are quite wet. I should dry__
A. it B. them C. their D.theirs
13) Ann for a job since December.
A. was looking B. is looking C. has been looking D. had looked
14) What a beautiful dress! I’ll buy it if it too expensive.
A. won’t be B. weren’t C. isn’t D. wouldn’t be
15) The house was very quiet when I got home. Everyone to bed.
A. went B. had gone C. was D. has gone
16) When I saw him he a letter.
A. wrote B. has written C. writing D. was writing
17) When you go through customs, you luggage may by a customs officer.
A. be checked B. have checked C. have been checked D. check
doing
18) You haven’t met my sister, ?
A. have you not B. have you C. didn’t you D. do you
19) Could you all stop ? The programme is beginning now.
A. to talk B. talking C. being talked D. be talking
20) You shoes are terribly dirty, they really need .
A. cleaning B.clean C. to clean D. cleaned
21) Please, don’t wake me up tomorrow morning. Let me a little longer.
A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. to sleeping
22) Why didn’t you tell me? – You angry if I had.
A. were B. were to be C. had been D. would have been
23) Why didn’t you carry that heavy box? Youhurt youself.
A. may had B. can C. could have D. needn’t have
24) Everyone understood. The teacher
A. may not B. mustn’t C. didn’t need D. needn’t
25) Many different languagesin India.
A. speak B. spoke C. are speaking D. are spoken
26) Theykey staff to run the business next month.
A. appoint B. will appoint C. appointed D. have appointed
27) Some companiesthese reviews by September.
A. carried out B. carries out C. have carried out D. had carried out
28) This organizationtoward its goals and objectives now.
A. progress B. have progressed C. is progressing D. was progressing
29) Isince lunchtime.
A. haven’t eaten B. didn’t eat C. don’t eat D. am not eating
30) How longyour present job?
A. did you do B. you are doing C. have you been doing D. you have been
31) When I got to the shop, it .
A. has closed B. had closed C. closed D. is closing
32) We hope that theyhappily for many years.
A. had lived B. will have lived C. shall live D. will live
33) Look! He .
A. is swimming B. swims C. swim D. will swim
34) He oftenflowers to his girl-friend.
A. is buying B. has bought C. buys D. buy
35) I suggested meeting again after weproposals.
A. read B. have read C. will read D. had read
36) Tomorrow theyeverything in their power to help us.
A. do B. did C. will do D. have done
37) He cut himself while hehis car.
A .repairs B. is repairing C. was repairing D. has repaired
38) The firm oftenin different newspapers and magazines.
A. is advertising B. advertise C. have advertise D. advertises
39) They their employees to work effectively at this time last year.
A. are motivating B. were motivating C. will motivate D. have motivated
40) Salesat this time last year.
A. didn’t increase B. are increasing C. won’t increase D. weren’t increasing
41) A reduction in input pricesit possible for firms to supply more output at each price in six months.
Дата добавления: 2021-02-10; просмотров: 203; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!