Use the word given in capitals at the end of some lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.
| Deviations are widespread nowadays all over the world. The study of deviant behavior, although now partially ___ by the relentless expansion of criminology, remains central to the discipline of ___ due to its wider, more flexible range and its ability to focus on activity that may transgress societal norms or expectations, while not necessarily ___ laws. Although the study of deviance may touch on social policy, criminology, penology, anthropology, ___ , and human geography, it retains a distinctive edge by using a range of predominantly ___ methods and theoretical tools such as social interactionism, social constructionism, and phenomenology. These methods ___ to highlight the artificial distinction between honest and dishonest, legal and illegal, as well as the manner in which deviant behavior is socially ___, which are consequently integral to the normative order. The tendency of scholars of deviance is to be committed to ___ and interaction, with their central principle being that deviance is normal, ___, and essentially a product of human interaction rather than a pathological state of being. | OBSCURE SOCIAL BREAK PSYCHOLOGICAL QUALITY USE CONSTRUCT OBSERVE REMARK |
Read the extract and fill in the prepositions wherever necessary. Discuss the text. Provide the extract with an appropriate title.
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Our society is influenced and held together … a variety of forces. The uninitiated may be skeptical … the idea that certain forces—classes, organizations, interests—consciously seek to control society by controlling its citizens. Control can be simply built-in and institutional … a given system as well as specifically conspiratorial and conscious.
Social control can range … covert policies of influence or manipulation to overt use of force—policing, incarceration, etc. Agencies … the government, politicians, think tanks, lobbyists, corporations, individuals, etc.—nearly everyone seeks to control their world … a certain degree. But some are more systematic, sophisticated and influential … their efforts. Intelligence agencies such as the NSA and CIA have a mandate to exert influence … order to protect “national security.”
The essence of social control can be traced to influences … what people care about; what their values are, and what’s important … them. The messages of what to care about are very clear from birth: yourself, your status, your beauty, your wealth, your people, your country. While the focus is the individual, the values are all dictated … outside. This phenomenon is called “depersonalized narcissism”—the individual thinks and cares almost exclusively about “himself” but only … the externally, societally proscribed ways.
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… reality, the supposed “self-interest” that motivates the individual in society is nothing of the sort. Instead, it is the programmed interest … those who have the power to impose their will … the masses. This is true … the extent that millions of people continue to participate … an essentially “suicidal” system which is destroying our home planet and the ecosystems which sustain …our species as well as all others.
Systems … social control have developed as a combination of evolutionary human traits, institutional structures, and outright conspiratorial machinations. Truth movers are dedicated … deconstructing social control, striving for true personal freedom, and encouraging others to do the same.
Complete the text by using the following word combinations from the box and fill in the grid. Discuss the text.
| a) to be out of the ordinary | d) type of criminal behavior | g) necessarily illegal |
| b) range from simply being | e)the opposite of conforming | h) severe rebellion |
| c) violating the laws | f) outlandish or inappropriate | i) vary depending on |
Types of Deviant Behavior in Sociology
Deviance is any behavior that is considered by society…(1)… . Deviance is … (2)…and it has been studied by sociologists for years. Deviance can …(3)… the location, time period and culture. Deviant behavior can …(4)…outlandish or bizarre to illegal.
Odd behavior is any behavior that is considered different,… (5)… . It can be the expression of a belief that goes against the social norms. It can be a strange style of dress or other eccentric type of behavior. Some odd behaviors include playing with fire, nudity, alcoholism, cross-dressing and political extremist behavior. These behaviors are considered out of the ordinary and may be considered wrong by some, but they are not …(6)… .
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Bad behavior differs from odd behavior in that it usually means …(7)… of the society. This type of behavior has been defined by society as not just being strange or eccentric, but also being bad enough that it should result in some type of punishment. Bad behavior includes any…(8)… , from theft to murder. Terrorists and gang members exhibit forms of bad socially deviant behavior. Bad behavior often involves violence and …(9)…against society in general.
Deviant behavior can also be good behavior. An example of a good behavior that is deviant is heroism. Saving another person's life while risking your own can be a type of deviance because the behavior is inherently selfless and would not be the "normal" immediate reaction to a dangerous situation. Another example of this is altruistic suicide, or when a person commits suicide because he believes that the basis for his existence lies beyond the physical world.
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