Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true of false. If they are false, explain why.
1. Social control is aimed at ensuring conformity to a norm; it comprises an array of processes by which society members define and respond to deviant behavior.
2. Internal social control operates through the process of socialization, which is learning how to violate long-established rules of behavior accepted by a society.
3. External social control comprises positive and negative sanctions and mainly relies on controlling individuals by using violence or laws that limit people’s freedom.
4. Continuing troublesome or offensive behavior, ignoring the disapproval of others a person seeks to avoid informal social control.
5. Professional controllers, i.e. police, courts and correctional institutions, try to bring people back into line with the rules by exercising their power of incarceration.
Develop the following ideas. Make use of the active vocabulary given in the brackets.
1. Social control entails rules of behavior that should be followed by the members of society.
( efforts to ensure conformity to a norm, to define and respond to deviant behavior, forms of social control).
2. Internal social control is the process of internalizing the norms of society and accepting them as valid.
( to operate through the process, to learn and adopt the norms of a particular group, an earliest agent of socialization, primary function, to be internalized, to fell guilty, a minority, not to accept legitimacy).
3. External social control is aimed at bringing wrongdoers back into the line with the rules.
( to step outside the lines, a system of rewards and punishments, to induce somebody to conform to a norm, a positive/negative sanction, to be noteworthy, to be coercive and repressive, to rely on force).
4. Informal social control encompasses interpersonal actions.
( to upset or please somebody, an unofficial capacity, to seek the approval, to adjust the behavior, to avoid disapproval, to discontinue the behavior, to ignore the disapproval, to be no longer sufficient).
5. Formal social control is an effort to bring about conformity to the law.
( to become necessary, agents of the Criminal Justice System, to have legitimate power, to occupy a special status, to sanction wrongdoers, to violate the formal code).
6. “Semiformal” social control deals with noncriminal social control.
( to cover a territory, nonpenal bureaucratic control, to be administered by the government, troublesome behavior, under somebody’s authority, an array of, to step in, to handle or control a person, to bring into the line, professional controllers, to possess the power of arrest or incarceration, to make recommendations, to have bearing on).
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Scan the text and find the information to complete the following lists.
1. The society makes use of the following forms of social control:
a………………………………………………………………………………………
b………………………………………………………………………………………
c………………………………………………………………………………………
d……………………………………………………………………………………….
e……………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Later agents of internal social control include:
a………………………………………………………………………………………...
b………………………………………………………………………………………...
c………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. The following agents of social control ensure conformity to the law:
a………………………………………………………………………………………
b………………………………………………………………………………………
c………………………………………………………………………………………
Scan the text again and find the English equivalents for the following.
1. попытки обеспечить соответствие
2. реагировать на поведение
3. признавать ч.-л. Обоснованным
4. первостепенная задача
5. признавать законность
6. нарушать правила
7. привести в соответствие
8. система поощрений и наказаний
9. принудительный и репрессивный
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10. неофициальная возможность
11. искать одобрения
12. не обращать внимание на осуждение
13. оскорбительное поведение
14. иметь законную власть
15. занимать особое общественное положение
16. применять санкции к правонарушителям
17. управляться правительством
18. на основании полномочий
19. вызывающий беспокойство
20. школьный надзиратель
21. должностное лицо
22. сотрудник соцобеспечения
23. заключение под стражу
24. иметь отношение к.
PRACTICE
SKILLS FOCUS
Consult a dictionary: practice the pronunciation, define parts of speech and translate the following words and word combinations.
· to coerce – coercion – coercive;
· conscious – consciously – consciousness – consciousness-raising;
· conspiracy – conspirator – conspiratorial – to conspire;
· courage – courageous – to encourage;
· deviance – deviancy - deviant – to deviate – deviation;
· to evolve – evolution – evolutionary;
· to exhibit – exhibition – exhibitionist – exhibitor;
· to force – force – the Forces - forced – forceful – to enforce – enforcement;
· initial – to initialize – initially – to initiate – initiation – initiative – uninitiated;
· to institute – institution – institutional - institutionalize – institutionalized;
· to legislate – legislation – legislative – legislator – legitimacy – legitimate;
· to motivate – motivated – motivation – motive - motiveless;
· system – systematic – to systemize – systemic
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