Complete the table and fill in the gaps in the sentences below with appropriate words. You may need to change the form of the verb.
A.
| Verb | Abstract noun | Noun denoting an agent | Adjective |
| defend | |||
| guarantee | |||
| protect | |||
| safeguard | - | - |
1. America sees itself as the d___________________ of liberty - France as the standard-bearer of equality and human rights.
2. North Korea cannot but take a strong counter-measure by itself in d__________ of the sovereignty of the country and the right to existence.
3. Liberals view the state as a neutral arbiter amongst competing interests and groups in society, a vital g_____________ of social order.
4. The other possibility, of course, is that the North Koreans regard nuclear weapons as an end in themselves - a military deterrent and the ultimate g________ of the regime's survival.
5. Through the implementation of the Joint Declaration the relationship between
Portugal and China was strengthened, and Macau and its g_________________
autonomy status emerged more clearly.
6. It might be useful to remind the West that freedom is fragile, that if democratic societies are not p______________ of their liberties, even they may lose them.
7. Our country is committed in its resolve to p_________________ our liberties and to eradicate terrorism.
8. But Kosovo was also contentious: it was Nato's first ever offensive military operation, an encroachment on another country's sovereignty in the name of humanitarian p______________ .
9. The democratic reforms in Kuwait will exclude it from the regional equation, and democracy will be the true p_____________ of Kuwait's sovereignty.
10. In a country that prides itself on s______________ the liberty of the individual, there has always been a reluctance to accept ID cards.
11. Individuals should obey the state because it is the only s ___________ they have against disorder and chaos.
B.
| Verb | Noun |
| exercise | |
| encroach | |
| handover | |
| intervention, interventionism | |
| maintain | |
| transfer | |
| violate |
1. The central function of the state is invariably seen as the m___________ order.
2. Some politicians regard any diplomatic recognition of Taiwan by third parties as a v_____________ of its sovereignty.
3. The value of the state is that it has the capacity to constrain human behavior and thus to prevent individuals e_____________ upon the rights and liberties of others.
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4. A developmental state is one that i______________ in economic life with the specific purpose of promoting industrial growth and economic development.
5. In countries such as Austria and Sweden, state i_____________ has been guided by both developmental and social-democratic priorities.
6. European dailies welcomed the t____________ of sovereignty in Iraq but varied in their degree of optimism.
7. The French president said any compromise in h __________sovereignty in Iraq
would be "disastrous". It is urgent today to return sovereignty to the Iraqis.
8. It was decided that full e_____________ of sovereignty would be restored to the people and government of Iraq by June,30.
9. Russia was insisting on the earliest possible h ________of sovereignty. The Iraqi government was to be able to e_________ sovereignty in the real sense of the word.
10. The most extreme and extensive form of i____________ is found in totalitarian states.
11. Those who support the state see it either as a means of defending the individual from the e___________ s of fellow citizens or as a mechanism through which collective action can be organized.
2.5.8 Fill in the gaps with nouns given below:
Politics competition warming reach
Era community issues
1.There are many new problems, such as global________________ and nuclear
weapons.
2. Traditional approaches to solving global _______________ may no longer be
sufficient.
3. Technology has created a sense of one world, a global _______________ .
4. Global _______________ is forcing economies to become more flexible, but it often increases inequality.
5. Generally, the global _____________ of American culture helps to enhance America’s soft power.
6. Former UN Secretary argued that in a global _____________ the collective interest is the national interest.
7. The nation state is the most important actor on the stage of global __________, but it is not the only important actor.
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Use the plan and helpful phrases given in Appendix 1 to make a presentation on specialized agencies of the United Nations, their distinctive features and ideas. Surf the Internet, find supporting materials and base your presentation on the profile of real agencies.
Comment on the presentation given by your colleague. Make use of the points and helpful phrases given in Appendix 2.
DIALOGUES
Dialogue 1
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