Правила согласования местоимений .
1) Два слова, соединенных двойным союзом both - and или два или более слов, соединенных союзом and, соотносятся с местоимением во множественном числе:
John, Mary and I are returning to our class.
Both John and Ann have passed their test.
Если подлежащим является местоимение each или every, то подлежащее- сказуемое и характеризующее местоимение употребляются в единственном числе:
Every man and woman is eligible to vote.
Each student and teacher has the textbook.
2) Неопределенные местоимения являются местоимениями единственного числа и согласуются с глаголом в единственном числе. Любое из местоимений 3-го лица единственного числа может быть использовано вместо такого подлежащего в зависимости от смысла предложения.
| - body | - one | - thing | |
| some - | somebody | someone | something |
| any - | anybody | anyone | anything |
| no - | nobody | no one | nothing |
| every - | everybody | everyone | everything |
А также each either neither.
Everyone must do his homework.
He never puts anything back in its place.
Neither of these books is very new.
Местоимение all, синоним местоимения everybody, является местоимением множественного числа.
Упр.3.2.1. Употребите everybody или all.
1. ____ are so happy today! . 2. _____ is so happy today! 3. _____ of them are bright scientists. 4. ______ is present. 5. _____ of these research workers has his field of research. 6. _____ the students have their holidays in July and August. 7. Where are the children? _____ of them are outdoors. 8. ____ of them is so serious. 9. Where are _____ the boys? 10. ______ is so busy at present.
Упр.3.2.2. Прочитайте следующий текст. Сколько разных местоимений в нем встречается? Переведите текст на русский язык.
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Everybody, Somebody, Anybody and Nobody
This is a story about four people named Everybody, Somebody, Anybody, and Nobody. There was an important job to be done and Everybody was asked to do it. Everybody was sure Somebody would do it. Anybody could have done it, but Nobody did it. Somebody got angry about that, because it was Everybody’s job. Everybody thought Anybody could do it but Nobody realised that Everybody wouldn’t do it. It ended up that Everybody blamed Somebody when Nobody did what Anybody could have done.
Упр.3.2.3. Заполните пропуски нужным местоимением.
a. Anyone who wishes can bring ______ husband to the party.
b. You can tell from the blood on the bench that someone on the football team hurt _____ .
c. Both the cat and the dog spend _____ days outside.
d. Everyone should sit quietly until _____ is asked to speak.
e. Anyone who turns in a paper late will have _____ grade lowered.
Упр.3.2.4. Определите предложения, в которых местоимения употреблены в правильной форме.
a. Everyone in the American literature class will receive their textbooks tomorrow.
b. Somebody put his cigarette out in the sink.
c. The queen and her daughter spend much of her free time on horseback.
d. My brother and I will spend my weekend at the lake.
e. It is surprising that no one turned in their paper on time.
f. Each fruit and vegetable were organically grown.
g. Every post-graduate want to pass the grammar test.
h. Everything in the house is for sale.
i. Everyone have to arrive at 8:30 in the morning.
3) Когда два слова соединены разделительными союзами either … or , neither … nor , not only … but also , то число сказуемого и местоимения определяется по той части подлежащего, которая ближе к сказуемому:
Either the student or the teacher will give you his book.
Neither the professor nor the assistant-professors discuss their preparation for lectures with students.
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4) Собирательные существительные, такие как group , team , family могут употребляться как в единственном, так и во множественном числе:
5) Выражение all of + noun имеет единственное число, если существительное неисчисляемое:
All of the money is in bank.
и множественное число, если существительное исчисляемое:
All of the books have been thrown away.
6) Местоимения several , many , both , few являются множественными и согласуются с глаголом во множественном числе.
7) При сочетании both, neither, either с существительным возможны два варианта:
both books, neither student и т.д. и both of (neither of) the (these, those, my, Tom’s …) books и т.д.
8) Местоимение no употребляется перед существительными в единственном и множественном числе. No = not a или not any:
I have no ticket = I haven’t a ticket.
I found no mistakes in your work. = I didn’t find any mistakes in your work.
I have no time to study this approach. = I haven’t any time to study this approach.
В качестве местоимения-существительного употребляется местоимение none , которое заменяет как исчисляемое существительноев единственном и множественном числе, так и неисчисляемое существительное:
- Are there any defects in the sample?
- No, there are none.
Упр.3.2.5. Найдите ошибки в согласовании местоимений или формы глагола.
a. Neither the reporters nor the editor have received their paycheck.
b. Everyone have to use their identification number to activate the computer.
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c. In the bus sit the musicians, each holding their instrument.
d. The boy’s new jeans is so old that they look like a rag.
e. Anyone who abuse their children should be punished for their actions.
f. No one are as ambitious as who want to be rich.
g. Both London and Paris is crowded in the summer because it is so famous.
h. The list of special courses are available at the front desk because they are requested by so many students.
i. The hundred thousand dollars were found because the thief dropped them while escaping.
Упр.3.2.6. В каждом предложении подчеркнуты два местоимения. Одно из них неправильное. Найдите ошибку и исправьте ее.
a. Each of the companies claims their products will outlast its competitors.
b. The recording equipment and their carrying case were never put back in their proper place.
c. His family was shocked when James killed themselves.
d. That chain of discount stores will lose customers if it doesn’t improve their service department.
e. The New York Times, renowned for their news coverage, recently increased its readership.
f. Neither the students nor their teacher was happy with his test grades.
g. Just offstage stood the conductor and its assistants with their equipment.
h. The secretary put the letter back in her envelope and filed it.
i. Unlike his predecessor, the president feels it is in their country’s best interest to reduce taxes.
j. Alaska’s North Scope has found itself full of geologists and its seismic equipment.
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