Приставки латинского и греческого происхождения .
Многие слова современного английского языка содержат приставки латинского и греческого происхождения. Понимание значений этих приставок помогает овладению словарем и способствует развитию языковой догадки. Рассмотрим три категории приставок: приставки времени и пространства, приставки качества и условия и приставки количества.
| Приставка | Значение | Пример |
| Time and Position ad-, ac-, an-, ag-, af-, ap-, at- ab(s)- ante- apo- cata- | to, toward from before, in front of away from, off down | admit, accurate abstract antecedent apologize catastrophe |
| circum- com-, con-, col-, cor- de- dia- en-, em- | around together with away from, down across, between in | circumstance connection dehydrated diameter employee |
| ex-, ec-, ef-, es- extra- in-, il-, im-, ir- inter-, intro-, intra- ob-, op- peri- post- pre- pro- re-, retro- trans- | out beyond not between within against around later before toward back through | escape extraordinary immigrate intermission introduce opponent periscope postscript precede progress retract transport |
| Quality and Condition anti- contra- dis- heter- homo- hyper- mal- mis- pseod(o)- Number and Amount bin- di-, du- demi-, semi- hemi- mon(o)- multi-, poli- tri- | in opposition to opposed to not other same excessive bad wrong false two two half uni many three | antisocial controversy disloyal heterogeneous homogeneous hypersensitive malpractice miscarriage pseudointellectual binoculars dichromatic semicircle monogram polygon triangle |
Упр.2.4.1. Соотнесите слово, содержащее латинскую или греческую приставку, с его значением.
| 1. monologue 2. dilemma 3. nonconformist 4. malevolent 5. antagonistic 6. reciprocal 7. colleague | a. worker in the same occupation b. actively in opposition to c. showing ill will d. a choice between equally unacceptable alternatives e. a long speech by one person f. refusing to live within the established norms of society g. affecting both sides mutually |
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Упр.2.4.2. Образуйте слова, соединив приставку с корнем. Переведите их на русский язык.
| 1. uni 2. com 3. super 4. sym 5. hemi 6. multi 7. tri | a. versity b. logy c. media d. sphere e. abundant f. metrical g. passion |
**Упр.2.4.3. Заполните пропуски правильным префиксом из списка:
auto de dec inter maxi mega
Micro mini mono multi semi sub
a. Most people prefer a colour screen to a ____ chrome screen.
b. A _____ byte equals approximately one million bytes.
c. Once you finish your program, you will have to test it and ____ bug it to remote all the mistakes.
d. The introduction of ____ conductor technology revolutionizes the computer industry.
e. If a computer system has two or more central processors which are under common control, it is called a _____ processor system.
f. The _____ imal system is a number system with a base of 10.
g. When the user and the computer are in active communication on a graphics system, we refer to this as _____ active graphics.
h. All you have to do is to move the ____ imal point one digit to the left.
i. Large books and even sets of books can be put on a single _____ chip.
j. ____ meter measures small length with great accuracy.
k. A ____ circle is one half of a circle.
l. Hydrogen was ____ stituted by oxygen.
m. The theory was thought to hold for ____ molecular compounds.
n. ____ organisms, which are abundant everywhere, are of immense importance to all living things.
o. ____ rail systems are expensive to install and are currently only used for special purposes.
p. Many of the West’s large _____ national companies have substantial operations in the poor African countries.
q. The company now has 40% of the American _____- computer market.
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r. Both monetary policy and fiscal policy can be used to ____ flate the economy.
s. The ____ polist can obtain a high profit by restricting supply and demanding a high price.
t. A ____ pression is characterized by low profits, investment and high unemployment.
Образование антонимов .
Антонимы многих слов в английском языке образуются путем добавления разных латинских префиксов ( приставок). Например:
attractive - unattractive ; advantage - disadvantage ; polite - impolite ; correct - incorrect ; understand - misunderstand.
Упр.2.5.1. Образуйте антонимы с помощью префиксов in -, im- и un - и запишите их в виде трех колонок в соответствии с использованным префиксом.
likely certain possible true valid
exact pure perfect equal usual
common visible practical suitable appropriate
direct able active stable convenient
plausible accurate complete reasonable significant
known even satisfactory favourable mistakable
pleasant friendly patient sane usable
contaminated identified sufficient determined flexible
Упр.2.5.2. Образуйте антонимы от слов, данных ниже, путем добавления соответствующего префикса.
in- un- im- dis-
___frequently, ___loyal, ___comfort, ___specific, ___real, ___probably, ___available, ___assemble, ___suitable, ___proper, ___fit, ___occupied, ___order, ___distinguished
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Упр.2.5.3. Образуйте антонимы с помощью префиксов отрицательного значения от следующих слов:
honest ferrous legal to connect to pronounce to arrange regular agree fatal
Упр.2.5.4. Для тех, кто изучает банковское дело, предлагается следующий список слов для образования антонимов:
acceptable maturity negotiable certified necessary honoured agreement applicable employed manage stability effective informed active competent expensive profitable
Упр.2.5.5. Добавьте префикс или измените суффикс, чтобы образовать антонимы следующих прилагательных, глаголов и существительных:
to believe useful importance
to pack reliable efficiency
to like painful sense
to appear experienced material
to approve tidy probable
to lock mature responsible
to connect harmless
**Упр.2.5.6. Прочитайте следующие предложения, найдите слова с префиксами и постарайтесь понять, что в каждом случае означает префикс.
a. Floppy disks are inexpensive and reusable.
b. If a printer malfunctions, you should check the interface cable.
c. The multiplexor was not working because someone had disconnected it by mistake.
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d. Improper installation of the antiglare shield will make it impossible to read what is on the screen.
e. After you transfer text using the “out and paste” feature, you may have to reformat the text you have inserted.
f. You can maximize your chances of finding a job if you are bilingual or even trilingual.
g. Peripheral devices can be either input devices (such as keyboards) or output devices (such as printers).
h. Your pay rise is retroactive to the beginning of June and you will receive a biannual bonus.
i. The octal and hexadecimal systems are number systems used as a form of shorthand in reading groups of four binary digits.
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