Слова, производные от латинских и греческих корней.
Многие слова современного английского языка являются производными латинских и греческих корней. Изучите значение наиболее употребительных корней, приведенных в таблице.
| Корень | Значение | Пример |
| Latin Roots act ,ag, ig alter anni, annu, enni aqua, aque arm art audi ben(e) capit, capt ced(e), ceed, cess cent(i) clam, claim corp cred dict duc(t), duce fin flu(x) fort, forc grad, gress junct, join liber loc luc, lumin man(u), medi mem(or) miss, mit(t) mob, mot, mov mor(t) ped pend, pens pon, pos(e) port scrib(e) similar ter test tract vid ver(i) vit, viv Greek Roots arch auto bio chron cosm dem dog, dox dyn erg gram, graph hydr log(ue) meter morph nom(y) op(t) orth phil phos, photo psych soph techn therm tox | go, do, move other year water arm, weapon art, craft, skill hear good, well head, chief go, yield, surrender hundred cry out, declare body trust speak lead limit flow strong go, step, walk join free place light hand middle, between remember send move death foot hang, weigh put, place carry write like earth witness draw see true life ancient, chief self life time order, world, universe people teaching, opinion power work write water world, speech, study measure form, shape rule, law eye straight love light mind, spirit wisdom art, skill heat poison | activate, agitate, navigate alternative anniversary, annuity aquatic, aqueduct army, alarm artificial, article auditorium benefit capital, captain proceed, success centimeter proclaim corporation credit dictionary conduct, reduce finish fluid reinforce gradual, progress conjunction liberation locate lucid, illuminate manipulation medium memory transmit mobile mortgage pedestal suspension position portable describe similar territory testify attractive evident verdict vitamin monarch automation biography chronometer cosmic democracy dogma dynamism energy diagram hydrant logical geometry morphology economics optician orthodox philosopher photon psychology sophistry technical thermodynamics intoxicated |
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Упр.2.6.1. Соотнесите слова с их определениями.
| 1. immobilize 2. finite 3. fortify 4. commemorate 5. memorandum 6. pedestrian 7. revitalize 8. autonomous 9. dogmatic 10.amorphous 11.sophisticated | a. controlled by a single teaching or doctrine b. a person who is walking c. having no specific or recognisable shape or form d. functioning independently e. to prevent from moving f. not naпve; complex, as a piece of machinery g. limited or bordered by time or any measurements h. to make stronger i. a note or record of events written as a reminder j. to honour the memory of smth or someone k. to put new life into |
Упр.2.6.2. Соотнесите латинский / греческий корень с его значением и производным.
| 1. bio 2. fort 3. chron 4. port 5. ced 6. scrib 7. ali, alter | a. time b. go c. write d. life e. carry f. another g. strong | a. disport b. alibi c. procession d. bionics e. synchronize f. comfortable g. transcription |
Упр.2.6.3. Из предложенного ряда выберите слово, которое является синонимом подчеркнутого слова.
a. One recent advance confirmed that Alzheimer’s disease is sometimes inherited.
a. made valid b. questioned c. diagnosed d. made doubtful
b. Video compression is sending not a complete color portrait for each frame, but rather a shorthand version that describes the difference between the current frame and the previous one.
a. preceding b. already seen c. viewed d. following
c. The International Union of Biological Sciences met in Amsterdam to discuss how many species there are, and how many there will be if the environment is altered in various ways by man.
a. is changed b. is polluted c. is made worse d. is affected
d. Almost half of U.S. newspaper editors say that dinosaurs and humans lived contemporaneously.
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e. peacefully b. for a short period of time
c. at the same time d. destroying each other
a. Establishing an appropriate correspondence between time and the path position parameter is an important condition in controlling the path of the robot arm.
a. approximate b. proper c. precise d. the closest
b. It wasn’t until language researchers began computer programs that the importance of lexical ambiguity came to be understood.
a. having an emotional component b. having two or more possible meanings c. having a pictorial component d. having an idiomatic character
c. The negative charge of an electron slightly distorts the lattice of the metal.
a. expands b. makes weaker c. changes the usual form d. contracts
Схемы словообразования.
Посмотрите на схемы, иллюстрирующие разные способы словообразования. При чтении текстов обращайте внимание на составные части особенно длинных слов.
unimaginative tasteless
¤ ½ \ / \
un- imagine -ative taste -less
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to form root to form root to form adjective
the opposite word the adjective word meaning “without”
Упр.2.7.1. Заполните пропуски в следующем задании, предварительно образовав от приведенной в скобках основы нужную форму слова.
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Пример: Artists are creative people. (create)
a. John is ___________________ hardworking. (extreme)
b. I did not like the food. I found it most _____________ .(pleasant)
c. She was arrested because she was driving _____________ .(care)
d. It was very ________________ of him not to help you.(kind)
e. My wife likes the colour blue, but I find it _____________ . (attract)
f. He’s a lucky man. He’s been _______ married for eight years. (happy)
g. I bought a new car because the old one was so __________ . (rely)
h. The dancer was superb. She gave a ____________ performance . (fault)
i. The passengers were frightened when the pilot flew _________ close to a building. (danger)
Обзорные упражнения.
Упр.2.8.1. Используя слово, данное в скобках в конце каждого предложения, заполните пропуски требующимися по смыслу производными словами.
Пример: Sorry. Eleven o’clock is inconvenient time for me. (convenient)
a. It is more _______ to buy a big packet of cornflakes than a small one. (economy)
b. John Jameson is a famous _________ who stole five million pounds from a bank. (crime)
c. I’m quite an _____ person. I play a lot of sport and go running every day. (energy)
d. ________ your own business can cause a lot of financial worries .(manage)
e. Churchill was not only a famous ________ but also a respected ________ . (politics; history)
f. The surgeons tried to do their best to save his life, but unfortunately the operation was _____________ . (success)
g. I understand _________________ what you’re saying. (perfect)
h. Jane’s ________________ as director came as no surprise. (appoint)
i. A holiday in America can be _______________ cheap. (surprise)
j. The ________ of the Hollywood actor, Jimmy Halton, was announced last night. (die)
k. My colleagues are very pleasant, but the manager is a little _________ . (friend)
l. I _____________ this morning, and was late for work. (sleep)
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m. There have been great ____________ in medical care in the last twenty years. (improve)
n. _______________ is one of my favourite activities. (cook)
o. Some people have a great fear of ________________ by plane. (travel)
p. My car isn’t very _____________. It’s always letting me down. (rely)
q. I wrote ______________ letters of application, but got no reply. (end)
r. I apologize for my mistake made by my office. There appears to have been a slight ________ . (understand)
s. Burning coal is an __________________ way of heating a house. Gas is much cheaper. (economy)
t. I’ve just been told some ________________ news. (astonish)
u. In _________________ with most other countries, Britain has a very high rate of heart attacks. (compare)
v. We have to keep our costs as small as possible. We have so many ____________ trying to take our customers away. (compete)
w. There are very few _____________ places left on earth. Man has been nearly everywhere. (explore)
x. There is extreme _______________ in many Third World countries. (poor)
y. I recommend the _______________ of the house. It’s delicious. (special)
z. He was dismissed for ___________ . He lost the order of a very important customer. (care)
**Упр.2.8.2. Найдите слова с суффиксами и определите, какой частью речи они являются.
a. A programmer designs, writes and tests programs for performing various tasks on a computer.
b. A systems analyst studies organizational systems and decides what action needs to be taken to maximize efficiency.
c. Laser printers are preferable to other types of printing devices because of their speed and quietness.
d. The microcomputer we have purchased does not have a FORTRAN compiler. It is programmable in BASIC only.
e. We decided to computerize the entire plant to give each division more independence.
f. Spooling is a way of storing data temporary on disk or tape until it can be processed by another part of the system.
g. Turning your office into a paperless environment may be expensive at the beginning but can produce big savings in the long run.
h. Software developers are producing increasingly sophisticated applications for a growing global market.
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