Skim the text and write the correct the sentences.
1. The horizontal stabilizer is not quite simply an upside-down wing, designed to provide a downward force (push) on the tail.
2. The rudder is attached to the vertical stabilizer, located on the tail of the aircraft.
3. Spoiler is sometimes found on larger aircraft, which can have two types installed.
4. The vertical stabilizer is designed to regulate the left-right motion of the aircraft.
5. The interior of the wing is also used to store the fuel required to power the engines.
6. Typically aircraft wheels are filled with oxygen instead of air.
Horizontal Stabilizer. The horizontal stabilizer is quite simply an upside-down wing, designed to provide a downward force (push) on the tail. Airplanes are traditionally nose-heavy and this downward force is required to compensate for that, keeping the nose level with the rest of the aircraft. Some aircraft can control the angle of the stabilizer and therefore the level of downward force while in flight, while others are fixed in place.
Rudder.The rudder is attached to the vertical stabilizer, located on the tail of the aircraft. It works identically to a rudder on a boat, helping to steer the nose of the aircraft left and right; this motion is referred to as yaw. Unlike the boat however, it is not the primary method of steering. Its main purpose is to counteract certain types of drag, or friction, ensuring that the aircraft’s tail follows the nose, rather than sliding out to the side.
Slat.A slat is a “high lift” device typically found on jet-powered aircraft. Slats are similar to the flaps except they are mounted on the leading edge of the wing. They also assist in changing the camber, or curvature of the wing, to improve lifting ability at slower speeds.
Spoiler.The spoiler’s function is to disrupt, or spoil, the flow of air across the upper surface of the wing. They are usually found on larger aircraft, which can have two types installed. The in-flight spoilers are small and designed to reduce the lifting capability of the wing just enough to allow the aircraft to descend quicker without gaining airspeed. Although the flaps can also perform this function, the spoiler is intended to be used temporarily, while the flaps are typically used for longer durations such as during the approach and landing. The ground spoilers typically deploy automatically on landing and are much larger than their in-flight cousins. They are used to completely destroy the lifting ability of the wing upon landing, ensuring that the entire weight of the airplane rests firmly on the wheels, making the brakes more effective and shortening the length of runway needed to stop the aircraft.
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Struts.The struts are part of the undercarriage, more commonly known as the landing gear. Their function is to absorb the impact of the landing as the aircraft touches the ground. Each strut contains a shock absorber (a collection of springs), hydraulic oil and gasses which work together to reduce the impact felt by the passengers. On some aircraft, such as those used by student pilots, the struts are made entirely out of spring steel. This type of steel is treated in such a way that it can absorb the shock of landings repeatedly, bending automatically back into shape.
Vertical Stabilizer.The vertical stabilizer is designed to stabilize the left-right motion of the aircraft.
Wing.The wing provides the majority of the lift an airplane requires for flight. Its shape is specifically designed for the aircraft to which it is attached. On most aircraft, the interior of the wing is also used to store the fuel required to power the engines.
Winglet.Some aircraft wings have an additional component called a winglet, which is located at the end of each wing. Its purpose is to reduce the drag (or air resistance) the wing produces as it pushes through the air. This not only allows the airplane to fly faster, but also means it burns less fuel, allowing it to fly longer distances without refueling.
Wheel.The wheels are another part of the undercarriage, or landing gear. While most aircraft have a minimum of three wheels, larger aircraft require many more to support their immense weight. Typically aircraft wheels are filled with nitrogen instead of air. This is because the pressure of nitrogen gas changes very little with changes in altitude or temperature, which is something aircraft constantly experience.
Scan the text and find the answers to the following items:
a. Do you know the etymology of airplane?
b. Is there any difference of aeroplane and airplane? c. Is there any difference of airplane and aircraft? d. Is the word ‘aircraft’ used in plural or in singular?
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The word airplane, like aeroplane, derives from the French aéroplane, which comes from the Greek ἀήρ (aēr), “air” and either Latin planus, “level”, or Greek πλάνος (planos), “wandering”. “Aéroplane” originally referred just to the wing, as it is a plane moving through the air.In an example of synecdoche, the word for the wing came to refer to the entire aircraft.
In the United States and Canada, the term “airplane” is used for powered fixed-wing aircraft. In the United Kingdom and most of the Commonwealth, the term “aeroplane” (pronounced /ˈɛərəpleɪn/) is usually applied to these aircraft. Aeroplaneand airplaneare different forms of the same word. Airplaneis preferred in American and Canadian English, while aeroplaneis traditionally preferred in non-North American varieties of English. But airplane has been steadily gaining ground in British publications, and it may someday become standard.
An airplane or aeroplane (informally plane) is a powered, fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine or propeller. Airplanes come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and wing configurations. The broad spectrum of uses for airplanes includes recreation, transportation of goods and people, military, and research. Most airplanes are flown by a pilot on board the aircraft, but some are designed to be remotely or computer-controlled.The term airplane, on the other hand, is more specific and refers only to a powered vehicle that relies on fixed wings to generate lift. A Boeing 747 commercial airliner is both an airplane and an aircraft while the AH-64 Apache attack helicopter is an aircraft but not an airplane.
The word aircraft [e͟ə(r)krɑːft, kræft] has both the singular and the plural form.Plural form of aircraft: any structure or machine designed to travel through the air, whether heavier or lighter than air; airplane, airship, balloon, helicopter, etc . An aircraft is a vehicle which can fly, for example an aeroplane or a helicopter. For example,The return flight of the aircraft was delayed.
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