Match the words with their meaning.
| 1 | Take off | A | a plane that carries passengers or goods, rather than a military aircraft |
| 2 | Taxiing | B | a powered heavier-than-air aircraft with fixed wings from which it derives most of its lift |
| 3 | Landing | C | the act or process of coming to land or rest |
| 4 | Airplanes | D | move slowly along the ground before take-off or after landing. |
| 5 | Commercial planes | E | The moment when an aircraft leaves the ground and begins to fly |
Airplanes vary in size and speed because General Aviation (GA) does many, varied jobs.
Single-Engine Piston
As their name implies, “singles” have only one piston engine, usually mounted at the nose of the airplane using a propeller to drive the airplane. When the engine is mounted at the back, it’s called a pusher. These aircraft comprise nearly 68 percent of the GA fleet. Pilots who are certificated (licensed) to fly these airplanes will have a single-engine land rating (SEL).
Business Jets
These range in size from small seven-person jets like the Learjet 35A to the Boeing business jet that is based upon the 737 airliner. Most, however, seat about nine people and operate over distances of a few hundred to 1,500 miles.
Far from being a luxury, today’s corporate jet ferries tens of thousands of replacement parts, customers, and mid-level employees for companies of all sizes. Turbojet (jet) aircraft comprise 4 percent of the GA fleet.
Tricycle Gear
After World War II, the industry began to make widespread use of a design that put the two main landing gear a bit further back on the aircraft under the wing, with a steerable nose wheel in the front. The result resembles the arrangement one would see on a child’s tricycle, hence the term “tricycle gear.” These airplanes sit level on the ground and are easier to operate than a tail dragger.
Amphibians
Amphibians are like floatplanes, except they also feature retractable wheels for operating from paved runways or grass strips.
Taildraggers
Before World War II, most airplanes had their two main landing gear and wheels — otherwise known as “the mains” — toward the front of the airplane and a small tailwheel under the tail. On the ground, these airplanes sit with their tails low to the ground, hence the name “taildragger.”
However, these airplanes are harder to taxi, takeoff, and land than a standard “tricycle” gear airplane with a nosewheel in the front. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requires pilots who want to fly these airplanes to get special training and a logbook endorsement from an FAA certificated flight instructor.
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Helicopters
Helicopters were first conceived by Leonardo da Vinci. Today, they perform a wide range of lifesaving roles, as well as roles in filmmaking, police work, and agriculture. Helicopters couple their engines to an overhead rotor that serves as the helicopter’s rotating wing. This allows them to take off, hover, and land vertically. Rotorcraft, including gyroplanes, makes up roughly 3 percent of the GA fleet.
Tilt rotors
These aircraft combine the vertical takeoff, hover, and landing capabilities of a helicopter with the forward speed of a turboprop. Their engines and propellers tilt up to form the rotors for vertical flight and tilt forward to create propulsion for fast forward flight.
Ultra lights
As the name implies, these simple and fun aircraft are lightweight, carry no more than 5 gallons of fuel, travel no faster than 63 mph, and land at slow speeds. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) also classifies hang gliders and powered parachutes as ultra-lights. Most ultra-lights are built or assembled from factory-made kits using FAA-approved designs. They’re a fun and affordable way to taste the joy of flight.
Light Sport Aircraft
There is an ever-growing crop of light-sport aircraft (LSA) emerging within the U. S. aviation marketplace. Many of these aircraft have been flying in Europe and elsewhere in the world for years but are now making their debuts in America.
Multiengine Piston
These airplanes have two or more piston engines using propellers to drive the airplane. They offer more speed and performance than most singles, cost more to buy and operate, require advanced training and a special FAA rating to fly, and offer the redundancy of a second engine. They comprise 8 percent of the GA fleet. Pilots who are certificated (licensed) to fly these planes will have a multiengine land rating (MEL).
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