X. Перекажіть текст “Domestication of Animals” англійською мовою.
DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS
Agriculture and animal raising required the domestication of both animals and plants, raising of species useful for human beings.
Domestication made the species dependent on humans. Economic necessity is probably the main factor leading to the birth of agriculture.
Domestication of animals is more than taming, breeding farm animals is done under human management and control. Animals were domesticated for the following purposes: as a source of food, clothing, etc; as assistants used in various human activities; as pets.
Cattle are the most important of the animals domesticated by man and, next to the dog, the most ancient. Domesticated cattle belong to the family Bovidae, which also includes the buffalo, the bison, yak, zebu and some others.
The dog is likely to be most widely distributed and variably used domesticated animal. It assists hunting, draws sledges in Northern regions, a hairless type is bred for producing food in Mexico, helps the police, watches man’s dwelling etc. Besides, a dog is really our best friend, which trusts you and is always happy to see you.
Pigs were domesticated in China around 4900 B.C., about 7.000 years ago. They have been domesticated in Thailand as early as 10.000 B.C. Pigs are good to eat and they are very prolific. So it’s no wonder pigs have become among the most popular of domestic animals. They have been introduced to all continents but Antarctica. Most modern pig breeds were developed in Europe, from where they were first introduced into the New World. Spanish explorers brought the first pigs to the Southeast in the early 16th century, not long after Columbus had discovered America.
The horse was perhaps domesticated in Central Asia, where Przhevalsky horse is still found wild today.
In addition to the animals mentioned above, there are some other animals that have been successfully domesticated by man. They are fowls, camels, goats, sheep, bees and others.
UNIT 12
DOMESTIC ANIMALS
Повторіть за диктором слова :
| 1. accordingly adv | [q'kLdINlI] | відповідно, таким чином |
| 2. application n | ["xplI'keISqn] | вживання, використання, застосування |
| 3. beef n | [bJf] | яловичина |
| 4. bee-keeping n | ['bJ'kJpIN] | бджільництво |
| 5. bristle n | [brIsl] | щетина |
| 6. cream n | [krJm] | вершки, крем |
| 7. cycle n | [saIkl] | цикл, період |
| 8. dairy a | ['deqrI] | молочний |
| 9. dairy product | ['prOdAkt] | молочний продукт |
| 10. domestic a | [dqu'mestIk] | свійський |
| 11. down n | [daun] | пух |
| 12. draft n | [drRft] | тягло, упряж |
| 13. dual a | ['djHql] | подвійний |
| 14. duck n | [dAk] | качка |
| 15. fell n | [fel] | шкура (тварини), шерсть |
| 16. flesh n | [fleS] | (сире) м’ясо, тіло, плоть |
| 17. food stuff | ['fHd'stAf] | продукти харчування |
| 18. goose (pl. geese) | [gHz],[gJz] | гусак, гуска, гуси |
| 19. ham n | [hxm] | шинка, окіст, стегно |
| 20. hen n | [hen] | курка |
| 21. hog n | [hOg] | свиня (амер.), кабан |
| 22. hog-breeding n | ['brJdIN] | свинарство |
| 23. hog-raising n | ['reIzIN] | свинарство |
| 24. lard n | [lRd] | смалець |
| 25. leather n | ['leDq] | шкіра (вичинена) |
| 26. manufacture n | ["mxnju'fxkCq] | виробництво, виготовлення |
| 27. medium a | ['mJdGqm] | середній |
| 28. medium breed | [brJd] | середня порода |
| 29. minor a | ['maInq] | другорядний |
| 30. minor branch | [brRnC] | другорядна галузь |
| 31. mutton n | ['mAtqn] | баранина |
| 32. ox, (pl. oxen) n | [Oks]['Oksqn] | бик, віл |
| 33. producer n | [prq'djHsq] | виробник |
| 34. rabbit-breeding n | ['rxbIt] | кролівництво |
| 35. range n | [reInG] | асортимент |
| 36. raw a | [rL] | сирий, необроблений |
| 37. raw material | [mq'tJqrIql] | сировина |
| 38. roughly adv | ['rAflI] | грубо, приблизно |
| 39. sheep-breeding n | [SJp] | вівчарство |
| 40. subdivide v | ['sAbdI'vaId] | підрозділяти |
| 41. swine n | [swaIn] | свиня,свині |
| 42. turkey n | ['tWkI] | індик |
| 43. wax n | [wxks] | віск |
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DOMESTIC ANIMALS
Domestic animals are kept for the production of human food. Besides, the skin, down and feathers of poultry, the wool of sheep, goats and camels are used as raw materials to produce leather, clothing, etc.
The most important group of domestic animals is formed by the cattle. Cattle can be roughly subdivided into draft cattle, dairy cattle, beef cattle and dual-purpose cattle. Draft cattle (oxen, as a rule) have almost everywhere been replaced by agricultural machinery. Dairy cattle (cows) provide dairy products (milk, butter, cream, cheese, etc). Beef cattle are the producer of beef. Dual-purpose cattle give us both milk and beef.
Important sources in producing human food are also sheep breeding, hog raising, rabbit-breeding, apiculture, and some other minor branches.
Sheep provides not only mutton and dairy products (cheese, for example); the wool and skin of sheep are valuable raw materials for producing clothes. There are accordingly two main types of sheep breeding: for wool and for mutton. There is also a medium breed: the wool-mutton breed.
The production cycle of hogs (swine) is much shorter than that of cattle or sheep. Hog breeding gives a vast range of foodstuffs: ham, bacon, lard, sausage, etc. The skin of pigs and their bristles are also used in manufacturing goods.
To poultry belong hens, geese, ducks, turkeys and some other fowls. Poultry provide meat (flesh), eggs, down and feathers.
Rabbits are bred for meat, and their fells find an application in producing clothing.
The bee is the only producer of honey and wax. Bee-keeping also plays an important role in agronomy and in medicine.
Notes on the text:
can be roughly subdivided – приблизно можна розділити;
dual-purpose cattle – м’ясомолочна велика рогата худоба;
have almost everywhere been replaced –майже повністю витіснено;
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manufacturing goods –виробництво товарів;
the only – єдиний.
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