XXIII . Прочитайте і перекладіть діалоги. Поясніть вживання Past Continuous Tense.
Dialogue A
· Were you at home at 6 o’clock?
· Yes, I was working in the garden.
Dialogue B
· I went to see Mary and Nick last night.
· What were they doing when you came?
· They were listening to compact disks. Their children were playing football while they were listening to music.
Dialogue C
· Do you know what Mike was doing yesterday noon?
· He was speaking to the manager in his office.
XX I V. Складіть речення за зразком, використовуючи слова в дужках.
Зразок:
| - I don’t know what Peter was doing yesterday at 3. - He was speaking to the rector. |
(to watch a comedy on TV; to look through the mail; to wait for the British students delegation; to read an urgent telegram from Smith and Company; to have important talks; to take one’s friends from International Airport)
XXV. Перекладіть речення українською мово.ю
1. It was snowing at noon.
2. She was reading a historical novel at the moment he came back.
3. It was raining when I left the house.
4. What was he doing when you called on him?
5. He hurt his arm when he was playing tennis.
6. As I was coming here I met your friend.
7. I was translating a scientific paper when you phoned me.
8. It was raining at midnight.
9. She was helping her children to do their homework when I came.
10. Mr. Smith was looking through the catalogue at two yesterday.
11. It was raining, so we didn’t go out.
12. When Julia was travelling about Germany she visited a lot of museums.
13. When I woke up yesterday, the sun was shining and the birds were singing.
14. Today she is wearing a skirt, but yesterday she was wearing trousers.
15. We were looking at the kittens while they were eating.
XXVI. Ознайомтеся з таблицею . Перекладіть речення українською мовою, звертаючи увагу на вживання Future Continuous Tense .
| (+) | (?) | (-) |
| I shall (will) be working | Shall (will) I be working? | I shall (will) not be working |
| We shall (will) be working | Shall (will) we be working? | We shall (will) not be working |
| You will be working | Will you be working? | You will not be working |
| You will be working | Will you be working? | You will not be working |
| He (she, it) will be working | Will he (she, it) be working? | He (she, it) will not be working |
| They will be working | Will they be working? | They will not be working |
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1. I shall still be working at 6 o’clock.
2. He can’t manage to come at 12 o’clock tomorrow because he’ll be lecturing at that time.
3. When Nick returns, they will be having supper.
4. If you come after 11 o’clock, I shall be sleeping.
5. Don’t come at 10 o’clock to the dean’s office. He will be signing the documents at that time.
6. I shall be preparing for my examinations in June.
7. In July our chief will be carrying negotiations for the purchase of new computers.
8. He will be building the new house during the summer.
9. My friend will be reading the whole evening.
10. While he is having his breakfast, I shall be reading the novel.
11. While I am preparing for my exams, he will be resting.
12. He will be meeting us at the air terminal.
13. I shall be writing to him to-morrow morning.
XXVII. Відкрийте дужки, вживаючи Future Continuous або Future Indefinite.
Зразок:
- He will be reading the whole evening (Future Continuous)
- He will read in the evening (Future Indefinite)
1. She (prepare) for her summer session in May.
2. They (work) in the scientific library from 2 till 6.
3. Don’t come to visit him. I think they (watch) a new video film about wild animals tonight.
4. He (speak) with his friends on the phone the whole evening.
5. Our dean (expect) the arrival of foreign colleagues the whole morning tomorrow.
6. I will be busy all day tomorrow. I (clarify) some matter with my chief.
7. Don’t disturb him. He (study) an enquiry for the new chemical equipments from 10 till 12.
8. I think, the secretary (look) through he papers the whole morning.
9. They (take) him to International Airport tomorrow evening.
10. I suppose she (read) a business journal from 6 till 8.
XX VIII . Перекладіть речення англійською мовою.
1. Я думаю, що він буде перекладати текст про клітину з 4 до 5 години.
2. Я думаю, що вона не піде з нами до театру. Вона буде допомагати своїм дітям готувати домашнє завдання весь вечір.
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3. Не приходьте до офісу вранці. Я буду вивчати пропозиції (to study the offer) зарубіжних компаній щодо нового обладнання для лабораторії.
4. З 10 по 12 годину ранку наш менеджер буде вести важливі переговори (to have important talks) із зарубіжними партнерами.
5. Завтра весь вечір ми будемо гуляти в парку (to have walk in the park).
6. Вони будуть дивитись детективний фільм (detective film) по телевізору з 21 до 22.30 увечері.
7. Секретар буде вивчати термінові телеграми від іноземних фірм весь ранок.
8. Ми будемо чекати на зарубіжних гостей протягом дня.
9. У цей час він буде читати науковий журнал із ветеринарної медицини.
10. Я думаю, що в суботу протягом дня ми будемо працювати в саду.
XXIX. Перекажіть текст.
THE CELL
In every living thing on Earth there are cells. A very small, complex unit of protoplasm, usually with a nucleus, cytoplasm, and enclosing membrane, is termed “the cell”. One of the main purposes of cells is to organize. You have brain cells, stomach cells, bone cells, and many other types of cells. Each is different from the others.
Different organisms have different types of cells. Trees have different cells that you and so do monkeys. Every cell has a specific job to do.
There are even some creatures on Earth that don’t have all of the basic parts of a cell, or even a cell. Bacteria are missing nuclear membranes to hold their DNA inside. Viruses don’t have cells; they are just a bit of DNA or RNA and a protein coat. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts or cell walls. All cells have to survive and live, so they need energy. Nerve cells conduct electrical impulses through the body. No matter what they do, they convert food into energy.
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Where do you get the food? Some plant cells have an organelle called a chloroplast that takes energy from the sun and converts it into sugars. There are some cells that digest their food outside of the cell and then absorb it.
The nucleus is like the brain of the cell. If you take the nucleus out of a cell it dies. It is the thing that tells every part of the cell what to do. It even tells the cell when to divide. Cells that have nuclei are called eukaryotes.
Inside the nucleus is all of the stuff used in cell reproduction. Scientists call that “stuff” DNA. DNA is short for desoxynucleic acid. The cell’s DNA has the instructions that tell the cell what it should do, and what it should become.
When the cell is just sitting around, there is something called chromatin in the nucleus. Chromatin is made up of DNA, RNA and proteins. When the cell is going to divide, the chromatin becomes very compact, it condenses. When it comes together, you can see the things that scientists call chromosomes.
UNIT 3
INVERTEBRATES
Повторіть за диктором слова:
| 1. | aquatic a | [q'kwxtIk] | водяний, водний |
| 2. | clam n | [klxm] | морський молюск |
| 3. | confuse v | [kqn'fjHz] | збентежити |
| 4. | crawl v | [krLl] | повзти |
| 5. | escape n,v | [Is'keIp] | втеча, втікати |
| 6. | hide v | [haId] | ховатись |
| 7. | invertebrate n | [In'vWtIbrIt] | безхребетна тварина |
| 8. | match v | [mxtS] | підходити, відповідати |
| 9. | octopus n | ['Oktqpqs] | восьминіг, спрут |
| 10. | pest v | [pest] | паразит, шкідник |
| 11. | row n | [rqu] | ряд |
| 12. | shell n | [Sel] | панцир, оболонка, черепашка |
| 13. | shoot v | [SHt] | кидати, відкидати, стріляти |
| 14. | slug n | [slAg] | слимак, слизняк |
| 15. | snail n | [sneIl] | равлик |
| 16. | squeeze v | [skwJz] | протискатися |
| 17. | squid n | [skwId] | кальмар |
| 18. | squirt v | [skwWt] | пирскати (струменем рідини) |
| 19. | sticky a | ['stIkI] | липкий, клейкий |
| 20. | sucker n | ['sAkq] | присосок |
| 21. | timid a | ['tImId] | боязкий, несміливий |
| 22. | translucent a | ["trxnz'lHsnt] | напівпрозорий |
Прочитайте текст та перекладіть його українською мовою.
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INVERTEBRATES
This group of animals is widespread throughout the world and appeared far back in geological time. Close aquatic relatives are the squid and octopus, and some snails which still live in water.
Have you ever thought of comparing an octopus to a snail or a clam? All are mollusks, soft-bodied animals that have no skeletons. Many mollusks, such as snails and clams, form shells that protect them. But some mollusks have no shells around their bodies. They have other ways of protecting themselves.
Stories and movies often show the octopus as a monster. This eight-armed sea animal has rows of suckers and two large eyes. It looks strange and frightening to many people. But the octopus is a timid animal. Instead of attacking it usually tries to hide or escape from its enemies.
The octopus has many ways of avoiding danger. Because its body is soft, it sometimes escapes by squeezing into a small opening in the ocean floor. As the octopus crawls or swims, its body color changes to match the rocks or shells below it. If attacked, the octopus squirts an inky fluid into the sea. The fluid may confuse the attacker, while the octopus swims away. The octopus swims fast by shooting water from its body.
Slugs and snails, which live on land, are mostly vegetarians, and therefore are crop pests. They are only found in moist conditions. The eggs of the slug are about 2 mm in diameter, translucent and colorless. They are covered with a sticky secretion and are usually found in groups.
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