Часть III АНАЛИЗ МЕДИАТЕКСТОВ
Print media
How to Analyze a News Article
ü Translate the following text into Russian:
Instructions
1 Check the credentials or background of the journalist who wrote the article you are going to read if possible. Ask yourself the following questions: Is the author a famous person? Is he/she known for biases? Does he belong to a particular political party or organization? Is the person writing a personal opinion that is only acceptable in an editorial or op-ed column, or is this a factual account of the news?
2 Study the structure of the inverted pyramid that many journalists use. Look at the headline. Does it give you an idea of what the article should be about? Read the first paragraph, known as the lead. Look for the main point of the story and/or a summary of the major ideas. See if the lead gets you interested in reading the article. Look for the lesser important materials that generally follow.
3 Look for the 5 W's. These answer Who? What? Where? When? and Why? Jot these down in your notebook to help you get the main point of the article. Refer to this list as you read the remainder of the article. Emphasize the "Who". Who is the focus of the story? Think about the "What." What happened to the person to make the story newsworthy?
4 Check for fact and opinion. A news article should be factual with statistics, proven studies and authorities backing up a claim. An opinion article, one based on emotion or personal experience, does not belong in a news article. Learn to distinguish between the two.
5 Look for conflicts or issues being discussed. Ask yourself if the writer is educating you with the facts or if he is trying to get you to think a certain way or follow a given action. Look at both sides of the argument. Consider the solutions proposed if he gives any. Was there enough information to support the ideas?
6 Study the graphs or pictures if there are any. Ask yourself if they are clear. Do they adequately and fairly represent the news they are supposed to be illustrating? Make sure the pictures are not cropped to eliminate some unfavorable material.
7 Make a list of unfamiliar words in your notebook. Look them up in the dictionary. Reread the sentences that contain them to reinforce the definitions.
8 Look at another newspaper with the same news article. Check to see if there are similarities in their treatment. Analyze the differences before accepting either one as correct.
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ü Visit the following site http://elf-english.ru/2010/05/gazety-na-anglijskom-zachem-ix-chitat/ and select a news article/anOp-ed from one of the English-speaking newspaper. Analyze the article using the above instructions.
ADVERTISING
How to Analyze an Advertisement
ü Select a print ad visiting the following site:
http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/adaccess/
ü Analyze the ad using the questions below:
1. What is the general ambience of the advertisement? What mood does it create? How does it do this?
2. What is the design of the advertisement? How are the basic components or elements arranged?
3. What is the relationship between pictorial elements and written material and what does this tell us?
4. What is the use of space in the advertisement? Is there a lot of “white space" or is it full of graphic and written elements?
5. What signs and symbols do we find? What role do they play in the ad’s impact?
6. If there are figures (men, women, children, animals) what are they like? What can be said about their facial expressions, poses, hairstyle, age, sex, hair color, ethnicity, education, occupation, relationships (of one to the other)?
7. What does the background tell us? Where is the advertisement taking place and what significance does this background have?
8. What action is taking place in the advertisement and what significance does it have? (This might be described as the ad’s “plot”)
9. What theme or themes do we find in the advertisement? What is it about? (The plot of an advertisement may involve a man and a woman drinking but the theme might be jealousy, faithlessness, ambition, passion, etc.)
10. What about the language used? Does it essentially provide information or does it try to generate some kind of emotional response? Or both? What techniques are used by the copywriter: humor, alliteration, definitions of life, comparisons, sexual innuendo, and so on?
11. What typefaces are used and what impressions do they convey?
12. What is the item being advertised and what role does it play in culture and society?
13. What about aesthetic decisions? If the advertisement is a photograph, what kind of a shot is it? What significance do long shots, medium shots, close-up shots have? What about the lighting, use of color, angle of the shot?
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14. What sociological, political, economic or cultural attitudes are indirectly reflected in the advertisement? An advertisement may be about a pair of blue jeans but it might, indirectly, reflect such matters as sexism, alienation, stereotyped thinking, conformism, generational conflict, loneliness, elitism, and so on.
ü Practise in creating ads at
http://pbskids.org/dontbuyit/advertisingtricks/createyourownad_flash.html
ü Create your own illustrated advertisement on the basis of these print ads:
Caravan at Cayton Bay
www.caravanatcaytonbay.co.uk has beautiful TOP OF THE RANGE 6 & 8 berth caravans at Park Resorts, Cayton Bay. Save £'s on brochure prices! Check out the website for details or call Matt on 01751 430939.
Watch TimesTalks events
Live. Online. Free. Lifestream.com
Weddings By Sea
Sailing& Powerboat weddings. St Thomas US Virgin Islands.
www.weddingsbysea.com
BSc. in Int'l Relations
Online University program, Bachelor in International Relations. www.aiu.edu/University
Fly Screens
REWIRED OR REPLACED
Mobile service. 0412 304 062 most areas
Hearing Aid
Repairs. Tune Ups. 858-759-8922. RSFaudiology.com
Carpet Cleaning
Cost friendly Carpet Cleaning. Quality work at affordable Rates.
www.carpet-steamer-experts.com
PHOTO
ü Find out more about analyzing photos:
Analyzing Photographs & Prints
Observe: identify and note details.
Describe what you see.
What do you notice first?
What people and objects are shown?
How are they arranged?
What is the physical setting?
What, if any, words do you see?
What other details can you see?
Reflect: generate and test hypotheses about the source.
Why do you think this image was made?
What's happening in the image?
When do you think it was made?
Who do you think was the audience for this image?
What tools were used to create this?
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What can you learn from examining this image?
What's missing from this image?
If someone made this today, what would be different?
What would be the same?
Question: ask questions to lead to more observations and reflections.
What do you wonder about ... who? what? when? where? why? how?
ü Have a look at the works of the 2014 Pulitzer Prize finalists in the sphere of feature photography:
http://www.pulitzer.org/works/2014-Feature-Photography
http://www.pulitzer.org/2014_feature_photography_finalist_1#
http://www.pulitzer.org/2014_feature_photography_finalist_2
ü Select an image. Translate the caption. Predict what will happen one minute after the scene shown in the image.
ü Analyze the image using the above instructions. Expand or alter textbook or other printed explanations of history based on images you study.
RADIO/PODCASTS
ü Listen to the interview with one of the most successful and controversial celebrity photographers of the last 30 years, David LaChapelle. The story revolves around sex, drugs and provocative pictures. David LaChapelle has the ability to shock and offend, but does his work go deeper?
http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/podcasts/worldservice/ht/ht_20140616-1000a.mp3
ü Analyze the audio file using the following scheme:
Analyzing Oral Histories
Observe: identify and note details.
Describe what you notice.
What do you notice first?
Are any words unfamiliar to you?
Do you notice any accent?
What format is used for the oral history you are examining now? (An audio recording, video or film)
Does it seem like an interview or a conversation?
Do you notice any background noises?
What other details do you notice?
Reflect: generate and test hypotheses about the source.
What was the purpose of this oral history?
What do you think was happening when it was recorded?
What can you tell about the person telling the story, and about that person's point of view?
What is the significance of this oral history?
Is it more personal or historical?
How does encountering this story firsthand change its emotional impact? What can you learn from this oral history?
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Question: ask questions to lead to more observations and reflections.
What do you wonder about ... who? what? when? where? why? how?
ü Write a brief translation of the oral history.
Cinematography
ü Previewing
What can the title The Glass Menagerie tell you about the content?
ü Translate the text orally.
The Glass Menagerie
Tennessee Williams’ play is about isolation and illusions. The characters include the mother Amanda, the daughter Laura, 23, who has one leg shorter than the other, the son Tom, and the Gentleman Caller. The play is memory and Tom is the narrator.
Amanda is forever stuck in the southern world of cotillions and entertaining as many as seventeen gentlemen callers at one time. Even though the family now lives in St. Louis, Amanda has ambitions (some would call them illusions) for her two children. Laura is engrossed in a world of miniature glass animals. Her mother enrolled her in a business school, but Laura was so shy and frightened that she made just one appearance. After that she leaves home as if to go to school, but spends the day exploring cultural spots in the city.
Tom tries to be reality conscious. As a worker in a shoe factory, he does have contact with the outer world, but even he has his illusions. He is torn between his desire to escape his hated job in the factory, to escape his mother and the guilt over his sister, or to stay and face his responsibility. His love of the movies is a cue to us that he is a dreamer. He pays his dues in the merchant marine so that one day he can escape and travel the same way as his father, who long ago abandoned the family.
Pressed by his mother to bring home a young man to court his sister, Tom finally brings home Jim O’Connor, who attended high school with Laura and him. Jim was a star in many fields in high school and most likely to succeed. Now he has a job only slightly higher than Tom’s, but unlike Tom, he’s always trying to take courses to better himself. Jim is very attentive to Laura: he engages her in conversation and tells her she needs more self-confidence. He even teaches her to waltz, but while dancing they bump into the table on which favorite glass piece is sitting. It falls and its horn breaks off, but Laura is not upset and comments that a unicorn with a broken horn is less freakish.
When the gentleman caller leaves early announcing that he has to meet his fiancée’s train, the evening is a disaster as far as Amanda is concerned. In the end, Tom is finally able to announce that he intends to join the merchant marine.
ü Find Russian equivalents to the following terms:
Shot is an image captured by a single continuous running of a camera.
Long shot is usually used to show the general location, environment.
Medium shot usually shows a human figure down to the waist.
Close-up. A face of a person or an object is the main element in the frame (extreme close-up if the camera looks at the specific part of the object or part of a person’s face)
Camera angle - the position of the camera in relation to the object, “point of view”.
Tilt-up. Camera “looks up” to the object (low-angle).
Tilt-down. Camera “looks down” on the object (high angle).
ü Visit http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDPMBDiwL0M or
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3TrLczE9Oo
Watch the movie The Glass Menagerie paying attention at the above basic terms, identify the type of a shot and camera angle.
ü Answer the following questions:
1. Have you ever met anyone as shy as Laura? What do you think makes people shy? Can shyness be overcome? Does the play imply any reason for her shyness? What do you think will become of Laura now?
2. Do you believe in Amanda’s grandiose past?
3. What do you think she really wants for her children?
5. Can you think of other young people, real, in television, books, or movies who are torn between two possibilities?
6. Why do you think Jim dances with and kisses Laura when he has a fiancée?
7. Why do you think Laura gives Jim the broken unicorn to keep?
8. How do you know that the men at the factory think Tom is a dreamer?
ü Analyze the movie using the following instructions:
Analyzing Motion Pictures
Observe: identify and note details.
Describe what you see and hear.
What do you notice first?
Do you only see live action, or are there any special effects or animation?
Describe any words you see on the screen.
What do you notice about the length of the motion picture?
Does anything about it seem strange or unusual?
What other details do you notice?
Reflect: generate and test hypotheses about the source.
What was the purpose of this motion picture?
Who do you think created it?
What is the author trying to say?
Who are the people who appear in it?
What tools and materials were used to create it?
Do you think it was filmed on location, or was there a stage set?
Who do you think was the intended audience?
What feelings or ideas do you think its creators wanted to communicate?
If someone created this motion picture today, what would be different?
Question: ask questions to lead to more observations and reflections.
What do you wonder about ... who? what? when? where? why? how?
ü Select any poster you like at http://www.mposter.com/ and answer the following questions:
What do you see in the poster?
Is there print text besides the images?
Describe the colors and lighting. What image is in the spot light? Are the rest of the images in diffused or normal lighting? What colors are dominant in the poster?
What is genre of the movie?
What is the film about?
What is the relationship between the characters shown in the poster?
Does this poster make you want to see the movie?
ü Design an original movie poster for the film you know and present it to the class.
ü Read and translate the Aesop’s fable urging us not to associate with wicked people:
THE STORK AND THE CRANES
The cranes were making trouble for the farmer by snatching the seed he had scattered on the ground. There was a stork who associated with the cranes and lived together with them although he never did any harm to the farmer. When the farmer was fed up with the damage being done to his crops, he prepared a snare and captured the stork together with the cranes. Thus the stork was actually held accountable for crimes he had never committed.
ü Imagine that you are producers of a movie based on that story. Choose the director, actors and locations for shooting the film. Work in small groups and present your ideas both, visually and orally.
6 TV&VIDEO
ü View the episodes and translate them into Russian.
1) Censorship http://learningenglish.voanews.com/media/video/news-words/1884222.html?z=0&zp=1
Notes:
advocacy group - инициативная группа, правозащитная организация
surveillance activities - надзор, слежка
item - зд. cообщение
offensive - причиняющий вред
to ban - запрещать
2) Verification http://learningenglish.voanews.com/media/video/news-words/1890653.html?z=3620&zp=1
Notes:
negotiations - переговоры;
more extensive limits - более существенные ограничения;
devastating - опустошительный; разрушительный; изматывающий; невероятный;
agreed limits - согласованные ограничения;
strict verification - строгий контроль.
3) Paparazzi http://learningenglish.voanews.com/media/video/news-words/1884224.html?z=3620&zp=1
4)Get Cold Feethttp://learningenglish.voanews.com/media/video/english-in-a-minute/1684043.html?z=3619&zp=1
5) Miss The Point http://learningenglish.voanews.com/media/video/english-in-a-minute/1666400.html?z=3619&zp=3
6) No Pain, No Gain http://learningenglish.voanews.com/media/video/english-in-a-minute/1698806.html?z=0&zp=1
7) Cut to the Chase http://learningenglish.voanews.com/media/video/english-in-a-minute/1698742.html?z=0&zp=1
8)Digital Library Digitizes Cultural Objects
http://learningenglish.voanews.com/media/video/learning-english-tv/1739516.html?z=0&zp=1
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