A) Match the following phrasal verbs with their definitions. Translate them into Russian.
| 1. to set out to do sth | a. to save sth so you can use it later |
| 2. to put sth down to sth | b. to depend on sb/sth as a source of income |
| 3. to come into sth | c. to manage to survive (on sth) despite difficulties |
| 4. to live off sb/sth | d. to inherit sth (especially money) |
| 5. to pay sth off | e. to consider sth to be the result of sth else |
| 6. to keep up with sb/sth | f. to begin with the intention of achieving sth |
| 7. to fall back on sb/sth | g. to return to sb/sth for support, when other things have failed |
| 8. to get by (on sth) | h. to progress or rise at the same rate as sb/sth else |
| 9. to put sth by | i. to repay a debt |
b) Read the texts filling in the gaps with phrasal verbs given above.
A Self-made Woman
I come from a very poor background. My parents never had any money so we literally lived from hand to mouth. That’s probably why I __________________ (1) to become rich before I was thirty. I found a job in a company, and when I had saved up enough money I started up my own business. What do I __________my success _______________ (2)? – Hard work. You have to work hard for what you want in this life.
A Rich Woman
I am fortunate because I _________________ (3) a lot of money when my aunt died and left me everything. I invested the money and now I ______________ (4) the interest. I suppose I am what you would call well-off – but money isn’t everything. Sometimes it creates more problems than it solves.
A Bankrupt Businessman
At one time I was extremely well-off, but then came the stock market crash and I lost everything. I had no money _____________ (5) my debts and I was declared bankrupt. What did I learn from this experience? Firstly, money doesn’t grow on trees, and secondly, when you lose everything you find out who your real friends are – they are the ones who stay with you when you come down in the world.
Unemployed Person
The last job I had was so badly paid that I couldn’t make ends meet on my salary, and as a result I was always getting into debt. Everything was becoming more expensive all the time but my salary stayed the same, so I couldn’t _______________ (6) the cost of living. My bank account was in the red and I had no savings _________________ (7). And then I lost my job. Now things are really hard and I have ________________ (8) less than $100 a week. I know they say money can’t buy happiness, but I’d rather be rich and unhappy than poor and unhappy.
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A Middle-aged Regular Saver
Some people spend money like water, but not me – I believe in saving up for a rainy day. I ____________ (9) put by a little money every week. You see, you have to think about the future when you are my age. When you are young you don’t need money but when you are old, you can’t live without it.
c) Explain the meaning of the set expressions given in italics. Translate them into Russian.
d) Paraphrase using the phrasal verbs and set expressions from the text.
1. When Harry was made redundant he had to survive on very little money. 2. Ms. Whitiker calculated it would take her two years to clear all her debts. 3. Grandmother accumulated a lot of money by saving a little every week. 4. After her uncle’s death, Jane Eyre received a fortune. 5. When at university, Bill Gates decided he wanted to start his own business. 6. Grimes told his brother that if Hank had any financial problems he could always rely on him for help. 7. Jack London supported himself with the money he got from selling his stories to magazines. 8. Charles Dickens thought he was a success because he was hard-working. 9. The employees complain that the cost of living is going up all the time while their salaries stay the same. 10. Henry is having financial difficulties. He has exceeded his overdraft limit again. 11. When Guy declared that he was going to become a mime artist his father told him that money is not easily earned. 12. After Guy had lost his Arts Council grant the family had hardly any money to live on. 13. When Eugene went bankrupt and lost his position in society only few of his friends stood by him. 14. Having won $500,000 in the lottery Kevin gave up his job and started spending money in a most careless way. He didn’t seem to understand that one should put some money by for a future time.
HOME ACTIVITIES (8)
Write 10 sentences about Ms. Whitiker, Joan Rowling and Estee Lauder using the phrasal verbs and set expressions from exercise 51.
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Open the brackets using the correct forms of the verb.
Sadly, ____________________ (1 – to lose) one’s job and ____________________ (2 – to become) unemployed is a common occurrence for many people these days. As a result, the queues at local job centres ____________________ (3 – gradually / to lengthen) by now, as people on welfare seek new employment. People usually end up on the dole because they ____________________ (4 – to make redundant) – their employer decided that their services ____________________ (5 – no longer / to require). Alternatively, they may have been given the sack for ____________________ (6 – to do) something wrong at work. In both cases, the unemployed person can claim social security, which is money from the government that helps cover the cost of daily living – food, heating bills, and rent. However, ____________________ (7 – to resign), a person cannot ____________________ (8 – to claim) social security.
| A Step V |
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES (9)
| VOCABULARY EXTENSION |
54. Underline the correct word.
1. Marjorie receives a weekly wage / profit of $500 while her sister prefers to be paid her income / salary in full at the end of every month. 2. Peter has a temporary / partial job just for the winter. Steve, on the other hand, is a monthly / full-time worker and is a permanent / annual employee of E&M Group. 3. Although Neil’s monthly earnings / profits are not very high, he gets salaries / perks like a company car. 4. Kate’s expenditure / betting on stocks and shares is high but she hopes to invest / to gain a huge income / profit from them. 5. Sean [SO:n] is planning to do an advanced training course so that he can win / gain more experience and get a better job that will increase his profits / annual income. 6. In order to win / to receive admiration from his employers, Mr. Mullen put in a lot of extra hard job / work when the factory was going through a bad period.
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