Can you answer the following questions?
1. What is the hallmark of Hellenistic sculpture?
2. Into what chronological phases may the Hellenistic period be divided? What statues characterised every period?
3. What innovations did the period of transition in the first half of the 3d century bce see?
4. What did the Late Hellenistic phase see from around 150 bce onward?
5. What does the psychological portrait reveal?
6. What is the baroque style of the High Hellenistic phase characterized by?
Give Russian equivalents for the following phrases.
Diversity in form; psychological presentation; to strive toward greater realism; portraying human experience and expression; the Late Hellenistic phase; the baroque trend; true-to-life portraits; images of characters; small-scale copies in marble; natural states of mind; brutal age; intense images of suffering; anguish and anxiety; complete verisimilitude; make the subjects recognizable; individual quirks of feature; to present a recognizable image of smb; the composition enclosed; anxious state of mind; to reveal the personality of the individual; the facial expression; cast of mind; the tightknit brow; lined face; narrowed eyes; the head of Epikouros register; to be characterized by dramatic effects; to make the fortunes; the noble hero; to be сarved in the round; the exaggerated musculature of the torso; the rise of Classicism; harks back to iconographic precursors; regal power.
Give English equivalents for the following phrases.
Скульптура, выполненная в стиле реализма; жестокая эпоха; композиция включает; разнообразные типы; скульптура эпохи эллинизма; праздновать победу над врагом; персонификация и аллегория; переходный период; новаторский подход; круглые скульптуры; психологический портрет; выражения боли и страдания; возрождение классицизма; многочисленные ответы на поставленные вопросы; реалистичные портреты; небольшие мраморные копии; тема; драпированные женские фигуры; интерес к реализму; борющиеся атлеты; засыпающий сатир; Агора в Афинах; карикатуры с юмором; тревожное состояние; изобразить битву героев и титанов; алтарный фриз; тоска и тревога; индивидуальные особенности; лодка на переднем плане; видимый с нескольких точек обзора.
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Match the words and their definitions.
| 1. resurgence | a. winding in a continuous and gradually widening curve, either around a central point on a flat plane or about an axis so as to form a cone |
| 2. caricature | b. a decorative image or design, especially a repeated one forming a pattern |
| 3. personification | c. a picture, description, or imitation of a person in which certain striking characteristics are exaggerated in order to create a comic or grotesque effect |
| 4. motif | d. a decorative image or design, especially a repeated one forming a pattern |
| 5. episode | e. an increase or revival after a period of little activity, popularity, or occurrence |
| 6. spiral | f. the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something non-human, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form |
Scan the text to find its main idea. Entitle the text.
The group of the Gaul and his wife is a Roman marble copy of a bronze original associated traditionally with the dedications made by King Attalos I (241–197 bce) at Pergamon to celebrate victories over the Gauls. The defeated Gaul prefers suicide to surrender. He has already killed his wife in order to prevent her becoming a slave. The barbarian is portrayed as the noble hero. The group is completely carved in the round, affords many viewpoints, and effectively contrasts the vigorous and still vital male body with the female collapsing in death. Baroque is the twisting posture, the exaggerated musculature of the torso, and the high drama of the moment. The original may date to around 220 bce. Similar in subject and style is the Dying Gaul, again a Roman marble copy of
a bronze dedicated с 220 bce at Pergamon, this time a trumpeter, identified by his instrument lying broken on the ground. (The original probably formed part of a larger group, together with the suicidal Gaul and his wife; this group of dedications is known as the Large Gauls.) The slow twist of the torso, the various views of the limbs, and the careful framing of the wound suggest that the figure was to be observed from several viewpoints. The shock of hair brushed back, the untidy mustache, the torque around the neck, and the hornshaped trumpet find correspondences in descriptions of Gauls in literary texts.
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