Роль телебачення в сучасному житті ( The role of television in the present-day life)
Since its introduction in 1925, TV has changed much. Nowadays, cable TV offers about 130 channels, and satellite TV offers up to 250 channels. There are different programmes and kinds of films: feature, theatrical, horror, thriller, popular science, mystery, cartoons etc. The films may be colour or black-and-white, full-length or short, sound or silent, three-dimensional or wide-screen.
There have always been numerous debates concerning advantages and disadvantages of television. TV provides great opportunities for education. With the help of TV it’s possible to learn foreign languages, to see and learn about other cultures etc.
TV has an unlimited potential to keep us informed about the rest of the world. Events through television are more vivid than those through newspapers and magazines.
TV is also a great source of entertainment. We can improve our mood by watching for e.g. different funny cartoons, comedies, clips, shows, etc. Many concerts, shows, and competitions can be watched “live” and many exclusive movies are presented as well.
On the other hand, there are also many disadvantages. TV is often called a “living room monster” because a lot of people have become TV addicts. TV occupies all their free time. After work they rush home and gulp food to be in time to watch their favourite programmes. The virtual world becomes more important for them than the real world.
TV prevents people thinking, talking and doing useful things. Pupils and students are so absorbed in TV that often food is left uneaten, housework undone, and lessons unprepared. Housewives are so keen on watching TV that they neglect their duties towards their husbands and children.
Spending hours watching TV is harmful for health. It may cause eyes illness or make people overweight. Violence on TV can make people more nervous and cruel. As a result, they often commit different crimes: robbery, theft, rape, and murder.
So, as we can see, TV has impacted our lives in both positive and negative ways. While it educates and entertains, it also can be physically, emotionally, and intellectually harmful. We need to be careful about the place we give TV in our daily life if we don’t want to end up as TV slaves.
12. Освіта дітей з особливими потребами (Education of children with special needs)
Inclusion in education is an approach to educating children with special educational needs. Under the inclusion model, children with special needs spend most or all of their time with non-disabled children. Implementation of these practices varies. Schools most frequently use them for selected children with mild to severe special needs.
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Inclusion is about the child’s right to participate and the school’s duty to accept the child. Inclusion rejects the use of special schools or classrooms to separate children with disabilities from children without disabilities. A premium is placed upon full participation by children with disabilities and upon respect for their social, civil, and educational rights. Inclusion gives children with disabilities skill they can use in and out of the classroom.
Fully inclusive schools, which are rare, no longer distinguish between “general education” and “special education” programs; instead, the school is restructured so that all children learn together.
Children in an inclusive classroom are generally placed with their chronological age-mates, regardless of whether the children are working above or below the typical academic level for their age. Also, to encourage a sense of belonging, emphasis is placed on the value of friendships. Teachers often nurture a relationship between a child with special needs and a same-age child without a special educational need. Another common practice is the assignment of a buddy to accompany a child with special needs at all times (for example in the cafeteria, on the playground, on the bus and so on). This is used to show children that a diverse group of people make up a community, that no one type of child is better than another, and to remove any barriers to a friendship that may occur if a child is viewed as “helpless.” Such practices reduce the chance for elitism among children in later grades and encourage cooperation among groups.
Studies have proven that teaching in this way holds a lot of benefit to special needs children. Barriers are removed between them and their fellow classmates. This is something that will help them progress in the future outside of the school setting. There are positive benefits for all children in the classroom. They are able to experience a true reflection of the world through inclusion class settings. This makes students respect those that are different from them in a greater way.
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