Personal and Possessive Pronouns
Ex. 4 56 . Read and translate the sentences. Comment on the words in italic type.
1. Research shows that one of the most overused words in any language is the word for I. Changing I to me(or vice versa) brings greater variety to your speech and writing. 2.Just between youand me, this course is a disaster. 3. It takes two, me and you, to make a dream come true. 4. Hello! Is that meyou are looking for? 5. The relationship between themwas often strained. 6. Look at the fish. It is alive! 7. He wanted herto go to a movie with him.8. – Who is there? – It is I (me). 9. Max loved ice-cream more than she (her).10. The boss considered the best candidate to be her.11. My name should come after yoursif the list is alphabetical. 12. Will you share your life with mine? 13. Everything I have is yours. 14. The responsibility is hers. 15. You scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours. 16. Jack and Amelia changed my life, just as I changed theirs. 17. “By the way, Catherine sends her love to you and Pete.” – Blanch smiled. “And give her ours.” 18. Theirs was a true love story. It was a perfect match. 19. I don’t want any partners. I want this business to really be mine. 20. Like most people who keep diaries, Judy usually writes in hers each evening. 21. Is there any place for me in this heart of yours, Susan? 22. The future is yours, don’t let them take it from you.
Ex. 4 57 . Supply pronouns and underline the words which they replace.
1. The fax has arrived. ... is on your table. 2. – Who told him the news? – Not ... . 3. – Who’s that? – … is my sister. She works here. 4. – Helen has had a baby. – Is ... a boy or a girl? 5. I have a car, but I really don’t need ... . 6. Let’s you and ... do it together. Please take these food scraps and give ... to the dog. He was loyal to whoever trusted … . 9. Everybody has a right to ... own opinion. 10. What a sweet child ... is; ... seems the image of your friend Jack. 11. Maggie has got into a mess again! I sure wouldn’t want to be ... tonight. 12. William and I smiled at each other. ... smile was as affectionate as ... . 13. She laughed gaily, in that special way of ... . 14. The offer we made solved her problems as well as ... . 15. They think that ... is the best team. 16. – You are my destiny, Anastasia! – Yes, and you are ... . 17. ... is an informational culture. We worship information.18. My friend Pierre is as intelligent as ... .
Ex. 4 58 . Translate into English.
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1. Можна мені скористатися твоїм принтером? Мій ремонтують. 2. Це наш калькулятор, а той їхній. 3. Це рідка книга, і коштує вона недешево. 4. Ти знаєш, що я маю – все твоє. 5. Не став свій автомобіль поруч з моїм! 6. Це недорогий фотоапарат, але його якість гарна. 7. Це все відбулося не з моєї провини. 8. Ми не можемо відпустити цього маленького крадія. Наступна кишеня, яку він обчистить, може бути нашою. 9. Конференція відкривається за кілька днів, а програма її ще невідома. 10. Ну що ж, вибір за вами! 11. Він розповів мені про своє життя, а я про своє. 12. Щойно телефонував один із ваших пацієнтів. 13. – Якщо б я був на твоєму місці … – Ти не знаєш, що це таке – бути на моєму місці.
Demonstrative Pronouns
Ex. 4 59 . Make the following sentences plural.
1. This is a new dictionary. 2. That is my file. 3. Is this your disk? 4. That was not my idea. 5. That man is a busker. 6. Give me that letter please. 7. That was a good time. 8. We’ll never forget that year. 9.This computer is mine, and that one is my co-worker’s. 10. They lived in that place for many years. 11. This incident is rather strange. 12. Can you see that man? 13. Who is that woman? 14. This child is being difficult today. 15. Was that an old or a new edition? 16. This information is top secret. 17. That year was a lucky one. 18. That fax was for you. 19. This advice is very timely. 20. That money was for him, not for us. 21. Look at the pictures, my boy! This is a sheep and that is a deer. 22. This is a golden fish.
Ex. 46 0 . Use the right form of the pronouns this or that.
1. ... gloves are of the best quality. 2. I’ll sign all the papers … morning. 3. – We can meet at 10.30. – … will be fine. 4. … was a really terrible air crash last week. 5. Think of all … people who need our help. 6. ... particular students are extremely bright. 7. … is something one has to consider. 8. I don’t think very much ... days. 9. “… way, sir.” 10. I am sorry to barge on you like ... . 11. … whole business worries me. 12. The prices … days are absolutely astronomical. 13. … was a wrong thing to do. 14. Any chance of you getting away ... summer? 15. ... was ages ago! 16. – It’s a difficult area to get jobs in! – Yes, ... ‘s true. 17. … dress we saw in the shop-window was from Paris. 18. They discussed … events at the briefing. 19. – Who was calling? – ... was Freddie. 20. People were helpless against nature in ... ages. 21. These pictures remind me of you, especially ... one.
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Ex . 46 1 . Translate into English.
1. Цього тижня в мене буде дуже багато справ. 2. Нам хотілось би подякувати тим людям, які допомагали та підтримували нас. 3. Хто буде виконувати всі ці проекти? – Ці спеціалісти. 4. – Добрий день, можна запросити до телефону Олену Володимирівну? – Хто її питає? – Давній знайомий. 5. Впевнена, що цей план запрацює. 6. Ці діти зведуть мене з розуму. Вони знову б’ються. 7. Не їж це яблуко, візьми краще ось те, воно солодше. 8. – Хто тобі телефонував щойно? – Це була бабуся. 9. Ті люди, біля стойки бару, – популярні співаки. 10. Ви читали ці дані? 11. Ці гроші належать Андрію. 12. Цей одяг дуже дорогий. 13. Котра твоя дискета: ця чи ось та? 14. Ця музика мене розслаблює. 15. – Які туфлі ти все ж таки вибереш: он ті чи ось ці? – Гадаю, що ця пара мені підійде. 16. Ті троянди, що ви подарували мені, були чудовими.
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Ex . 462. Read and translate the sentences. Say whether the self-pronoun is reflexive or emphatic. State its function in the sentence.
1. You’re a maverick like me. Always be yourself, Mal, always be true to yourself. 2. But I’ve forced myself to keep going, to function. Being incredibly busy works wonders. I learned that myself a long time ago. 3. Jake knew deep within himself that they were from wholly different worlds. 4. In fact, he considered himself to be in command of the situation. 5. She felt herself choking up for a reason she couldn’t explain. 6. The smile spreading itself across her face was one of pure radiance. 7. Myself I never read best-sellers on principle. It’s a good rule of thumb. If the masses like it, then I’m sure that I won’t. 8. The seals sunned themselves on the warm rocks. 9. We prefer living by ourselves. 10. His son always gets himself in trouble. 11. Every teenager looks forward to taking the car out by himself. 12. May you not burden yourself with a need to make sense out of everything!
Ex. 46 3 . Fill in the blanks with suitable self-pronouns.
1. They have only … to blame. 2. Who knows better than Mark ... what he should do? 3. The mayor … cut the ribbon to open the new city hospital. 4. That woman has put ... in a difficult position. 5. The governor … will speak at the university. 6. One can easily injure ... while skiing. 7. You cannot expect a baby to take care of … . 8. You may burn ... with matches. 9. After a busy day he likes to be ... . 10. Bach dedicated ... to music. 11. We had to throw ... on the mercy of “Intourist”. 12. The hunter accidentally shot ... in the foot. 13. I had a good, proper look at … in the mirror tonight. 14. I’m sorry that I didn’t make ... clear. 15. – It’s hot, Mommy. Can I take my T-shirt off? – I don’t think you should, darling. I don’t want you to expose … to the sun. 16. People like to unburden ... to complete strangers. 17. He was beside ... with anger. 18. She allowed ... to be led from the room.
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Ex. 46 4 . Translate into English.
1. Він погрожував заморити себе голодом, якщо вони не опублікують його вірші. 2. – Скільки ж це вийде? – Сам порахуй (to work out). 3. Зберися! Ти ж чоловік! 4. Вона надто високої думки про себе. 5. У ранці я готую собі чашечку кави і бутерброд. 6. Вирішуй сам свої проблеми! 7. Я кішка, яка гуляє сама по собі. 8. Вона вибачилася та пішла. 9. Улаштовуйтеся та пригощайтеся фруктами. 10. Я особисто піклуватимусь про це. 11. Мені постійно доводиться нагадувати собі, що я повинна бути більш терплячою. 12. Я сам відчуваю, що був неправий. 13. Вони були в нестямі від гніву. 14. Він саме благородство. 15. Відрекомендуйтеся, молоді люди. 16. Вони самі в цьому не зовсім переконанні.
Ex. 46 5 . Find the English equivalent for the following words. Make up sentences of your own with them.
1. самовпевнений; 2. самоконтроль; 3. самозахист; 4. самодисципліна; 5. самоврядування; 6. самодостатній; 7. самовдоволення; 8. самовідданий; 9. самолюбний; 10. егоїстичний.
Indefinite Pronouns
Ex. 4 66 . Insert some or any where necessary.
1. My teacher lives ... distance away from the school. 2. You should buy ... new clothes for the New Year, I think. 3. Ruth still has ... doubts about her marriage, but her boyfriend John hasn’t got any. 4. Mum was sure we had … honey left. At breakfast it turned out we didn’t have ... . 5. – Has there been … discussion of the project? – Yes, … people are against it, I’m sorry to say. 6. There must be ... way to get in touch with them, but so far I haven’t found ... . 7. – Is there ... reliable source of information you’ll use in your investigation, inspector? – I definitely have …though I am not going to reveal … to you, sir. 8. … people hate seafood. 9. Let’s talk about it … other time. 10. There aren’t … markets on Monday. 11. – There is … dust on the furniture. – Oh, I haven’t got ... time for this. 12. – Do you speak ... French? – No, but I speak … English.
Ex. 4 67 . Comment on the use of some or any in the following sentences.
1. Could I get you some fresh orange juice? I have just made some. 2. Yesterday I left the house without any money. 3. The council refused to give the designer any financial help. 4. Can I offer you some wine? 5. Any of the staff could have helped you. 6. If you have any questions, call me. 7. Shall I send you some other files? 8. There was never any question that she would leave her job. 9. Jackie hardly ever has any doubts about her abilities. 10. Could you buy some cheese in town? 11. There is seldom any world news on this channel. 12. The detective failed to find any further evidence. 13. Is there any water in the jug? 14. Would you like some juice?
Ex. 4 68 . Insert some or any where necessary.
1. Irene’s parents are ... doctors. 2. ... doctors, like dentists, frighten me. 3. Could you lend me ... money? 4. ... money is very important in this life. 5. ... cars parked in this area will be removed by the police. 6. If you have ... old books that you don’t need any longer, could you bring them to our library. 7. This car hardly uses ... petrol. 8. Would you like ... brandy? 9. My mother bakes cakes with … brandy in them. 10. Do you like ... olives? 11. Are there … olives left? 12. Mushrooms should be gathered with care as ... can be very poisonous. 13. You’ll like this new chocolate. Shall I save ...for you? 14. ... of his paintings would sell for big money today. 15. Do you ever read ... papers? 16. He hardly ever reads ... papers. 17. ... papers are really boring.
Ex. 4 69 . Use some-, any-, every-, no- + one / body / thing / where.
1. Never trust … with such manners. 2. Let me see if there is … we can do for you. 3. Is there … at home? 4. If … happens to the car, how shall I get to the country? 5. There should be ... behind all this. 6. Barbara was a teacher from ... near Newcastle. 7. Emily refuses to have … to do with Jim. 8. Shall I bring you ... to drink? 9. Nobody can find out … about that man. 10. Yesterday we couldn’t find you … . Where were you? 11. Hardly … knew how to respond to this. 12. Many people think that the bad weather has ... to do with all the satellites in space. 13. You’re wrong. There’s ... strange about the man. He is a decent chap. 14. – What’s the matter? – … is the matter. 15. We looked for a policeman, but there was … around. 16. – Do you have any clue to this? – … whatsoever. 17. I answered every single question. My opponent answered ... . 18. ... of us understood the play. 19. Mind, I’mhaving …of that language here! 20. Don’t be so nosy! It’s … ofyour business. 21. … comes to those who hustle while he waits. 22. … should believe in … . 23. Kindness, I’ve discovered, is … . 24. Considering how dangerous … is, … is really very frightening.
Ex. 47 0 . Insert every or each.
1. … morning my Mom left lists a mile long for … of us, there was so much work to do about the house. 2. Opening my bag I took out two envelopes with Dad printed across their fronts in childlike letters. Handing them to Andrew, I said, “Lissa and Jamie have ... written you a card.” 3. She had a present for ... child. 4. We ... have our private views about it. 5. I loved ... minute of it. 6. They were all just sitting there, ... of them thinking private thoughts. 7. Rosie changed the subject ... time it was raised. 8. She offered us a tin of biscuits and my sister and I had one ... . 9. The government changes ... five years. 10. I had only two suitcases, but ... weighed over twenty kilos. 11. She has ... chance of success in the life she has chosen. 12. We only save enough money to take a real vacation ... other year. 13. We saw three young elephants, ... the size of a car. 14. ... of you should sign the register before you leave. 15. ... child should be educated. It’s a must. 16. He inspected ... of the cars which were in the garage. 17. We have ... completed our work.
Ex. 47 1 . Insert either or neither.
1. I was expecting you ... today or tomorrow. 2. He spoke … English nor French. 3. – Which one do you want? – I donэt want ... . 4. We can meet ... at six or at seven. 5. Nelly has two friends. ... is in town now. 6. The weather is … cold nor warm today. 7. Doctor, you are not being ... frank or fair. 8. – Which one do you want? – I don’t want ... . 9. There was no sound from ... of the flats. 10. She ... drinks, smokes, nor eats meat. 11. In ... case the answer is the same. 12. They may be ... here or there.
Ex. 47 2 . Translate into English.
1. Ніщо не може бути краще, ніж чашечка гарячого чаю. 2. У сьогоднішній програмі немає нічого особливого. 3. Автобус з’явився раптово, мовби з нівідкіля. 4. Ніде він не був такий щасливий, як у своїй родині. 5. Ми зустрічаємося з друзями кожного Нового ріку. 6. Всі члени команди повинні проходити медичний огляд перед кожним матчем. 7. Я багато чому навчився в кожного з вас. 8. Зроби це сьогодні, чи завтра. 9. Жоден з обох моїх синів не грає на роялі. 10. – Що ти будеш пити: чай чи каву? – Ні те, ні інше. Я буду сік.
Ex. 47 3 . Read and translate the sentences. Comment on the words in italic type.
1. She was now listening to whoever it was on the otherend of the line. 2. And now let’s go in and join the others.3. However, there were othermatters for us grown-ups to consider. 4. All European languages belong to the same family except for Finnish, Hungarian, Basque and one or two others.5. Bees carry pollen from one plant to another.6. The boxers went on hitting each other.7. Some books are useful to read, others are just a waste of time. 8. He produced two films. One became a classic, the otherpassed unnoticed. 9. My Dad says he needs another car. 10. Some people are bitterly frustrated when this happens. Others are not. 11. One man’s meat is anotherman’s poison. 12. I’ve got anotherthree books to read.13. On the one hand it is true, on the othernot quite. 14. In 1900 the Uffizi gallery in Florence had 2,395 paintings on display. Today it shows just 500. The othersare locked away, almost never seen.
Ex. 47 4 . Read the proverbs and give their Ukrainian equivalents.
1. One law for the rich and another for the poor. 2. One cannot be in two places at once. 3. One good turn deserves another. 4. One is never too old to learn. 5. One swallow does not make a summer. 6. They brag most who can do least. 7. You cannot have it both ways. 8. They also serve who only stand and wait. 9. You may lead a horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink. 10. You never know what you can do till you try. 11. You scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours. 12. One learns by experience.
Ex. 47 5 . Read the proverbs and give their Ukrainian equivalents.
1. Little by little and bit by bit. 2. A little help is worth a great deal of pity. 3. A little learning is a dangerous thing. 4. Little things please little minds. 5. Little strokes fell great oaks. 6. Many are called but few are chosen. 7. You win a few, you lose a few. 8. More haste, less speed. 9. Least said, soonest mended. 10. Fewer clients, less money.
Ex. 4 76 . Insert (a) few, (a) little.
l. Wait, I’ll pick ... roses for you from my garden. 2. … people could resist such a temptation. 3. The patient has made … progress in the last couple of weeks. 4. There is ... progress in the business. We must take some measures to improve it. 5. – Could you give me … information on the trip? – There is ... I can tell you, sir. It’s out ofthe list. 6. Paul put … coins in the slot, thought …, and then dialed the number. 7. Let’s go to the market and buy ... fruit and ... carrots. 8. There is … furniture in our country house. We need to buy ... more things. 9. I’m still hungry. I think I’ll have … more fish. 10. When I was a child, we kept … pigeons is our back yard. 11. If I accept that job, I’ll make … more money. 12. There are … cars on the road today. It’s Sunday. 13. Many questions were asked, but ... were answered. 14. Wait …, there are still … things to attend to. 15. Even now there is … we can do to improve the weather.
Ex. 4 77 . Insert a lot (of), lots of, plenty of, much, many, a great deal of.
1. I wish you all … good luck. 2. Is there ... oil in the Caspian sea? 3. We bought ... food for the barbecue. 4. Do you have ... homework to do for Saturday? 5. – How ... exams did you have to take? – Quite ... . 6. My sister drinks too ... coffee. 7. He is so fat because he eats too ... sandwiches. 8. These days people get ... information from (the) Internet. 9. – Oh, Mother, I love him so ... . – I think you love him too … . 10. ... and ... refugees came to Spain and Italy. 11. There are ... daffodils in England in spring. The earthquake caused ... damage to the country. … of the exhibition was devoted to his later works. It was a big house with … windows. 15. – Feeling a bit better? – … Doctor. … better. 16. That’s happened ... a time to me. 17. The information proved useful to ... people. 18. ... happy returns of the day! 19. Thank you very ... . 20. She doesn’t talk about her life ... . 21. Now I feel ... more confident. 22. It is … less likely. 23. We’ve got ... time. 25. There are always … jobs to be done. 26. Take as ... money as you need.
Ex. 47 8 . Read the following proverbs and give their Ukrainian equivalents.
1. Many a little makes a michle. 2. Many hands make light work. 3. Many kiss the hand they wish to cut off. 4. Many would be cowards if they had courage enough. 5. More than enough is too much. 6. The more you have, the more you want. 7. Too many cooks spoil the broth.
Ex. 479. Insert each other, one another.
1. They can’t help themselves, they love ... . 2. The place is full of crazy people who talk to ... all the time and ignore everybody else. 3. They have known ... for years and years. 4. The members of this club meet regularly in …‘s homes. 5. She and John looked at ... . 6. He began opening bottles, … after … . 7. We know …‘s minds very well. 8. All the children kept silent. They didn’t dare to look at … . 9. She found ... excuse after … to postpone the meeting. 10. We’ll get there … way or ... . 11. He ate ... sweet after … till the box was empty. 12. They hate being apart. They phone … every day. 13. The business failed because the partners distrusted … .
Ex. 480. Read and translate the sentences. Comment on the pronouns in italic type.
1. – Whatdress are you going to wear for the dance today? – The one whichIbought in Paris, 2. The old man who(m)you met in the park was my uncle. 3. I do not like people whotalk about themselves all the time. 4. Is it the car that used to belong to your father? 5.She is the biggest liar that Iknow. 6. I need a place whereI can work undisturbed. 7. Whereis the man whoasked for me? 8. We always look forward to Mother’s cake, which she makes the size of a wheel. 9. We can’t believe thatit’s true. 10. I don’t know what you have promised to the children. 11. We didn’t know that you had promised Mike a new bicycle. 12. Nora didn’t buy anything because she didn’t see whatshe wanted. 13. Whatday suits you best? 14. Pizza sounds like just what I want.
Ex. 481. Insert the necessary pronouns.
1. ... actor must learn his words by heart. 2. ... actor a different method of learning his lines. 3. Both books are good. You can have ... of them. 4. I’ve got a few friends but ... lives nearby. 5. There are shops on ... sides of the road. 6. ... professional musician has to practise regularly. 7. He painted several pictures in Italy but … of them has been found. 8. The Headmistress spoke to … child in the class individually. 9. Before you leave the coach, please make sure that you have ... your belongings with you. 10. ... my parents are still working. 11. ... of my parents has ever been abroad. 12. I had the choice of two jobs but … of them really suited me. 13. We looked in the library and in the canteen but there was no sign of Caroline in … place. 14. Ben and Sharon looked at … carefully. ... had changed a lot. 15. … book on the shelf was a detective story. ... of the books was by Agatha Christie. I looked at them but ... appeared very interesting. 16. Christmas is a holiday that appeals to the child in … of us.
Chapter V. THE NUMERAL
Ex. 482. Give the right form of the figures in brackets in letters.
1. My birthday is on ... of … . 2. They got flat (40) on (5) floor in house (123). 3. Find file (11) and correct (2) sentence. 4. Catherine (2) put a monument to Peter (1) in St. Petersburg. 5. – What’s the date today? – It’s … of … today. 6. Read (3) paragraph. 7. My son is (21) today. 8. They are celebrating their (15) anniversary on Saturday. 9. Take (1) turning to the right. 10. You’ll find text (12) on (30) page. 11. We live on (6) floor. 12. Is (2) o’clock all right with you? 13. There are more than (200) languages spoken in Nigeria. 14. A (1000) is a (1000) years. 15. In the jungle we were attacked by (1 000 000) of mosquitoes. 16. If you need money badly, we can give you a loan of (200) dollars. 17. Will you give me (2) chance? 18. (2) song will certainly become a hit. 19. He was said to have salted away (4 000 000) dollars. 20. There are (300) kinds of macaroni in Italy. 21. Statistics say that more than (4 000 000) adults in Britain have trouble with reading and writing.
Ex. 483. Insert the right article if necessary.
1. Today in court we are listening to … case 243. 2. … second part of the book was much more interesting than ... first one. 3. ... participle one is used for building up progressive tenses. 4. … second participle is used to build up Passive forms. 5. ... flight 579 starts at five sharp. 6. The planes came again for … second attack. 7. Let’s regard it as ... first step, just ... beginning. 8. It was ... first-night and the actors were nervous. 9. ... exercise 27 begins at ... page 44. 10. … year passed, then … second, and ... third, but there was still no news. 11. They agreed to meet on … Fifth Avenue near ... building No. 112. 12. … two years in Africa taught him a lot. 13. … flat 55 is on ... fifth floor. 14. The room was at … sixes and sevens. 15. This style was in fashion in … eighties. 16. It was … fifty-fifty deal. 17. She was … third-year medical student.
Ex. 484. Read and translate the sentences. Comment on the words in italic type.
l. She is a second cousin of Mark’s father. 2. He was quite certain she had no need or desire to meet with him a second time. 3. Edvina returned to her book without giving her mother a second glance or a second thought. 4. It’s said that everything goes in threes. 5. And then, to be a second wife was so much more difficult than to be a first. 6. I’m glad they’ve gone to Venice for a second honeymoon . 7.He was heavily defeated in a second round of local elections. 8. In the bookshop to his delight Maxim spotted a copy of “The Young Lions” by Irwin Shaw, his favourite writer. It was a first edition, published in 1348. 9. Over the years I have acquired a sixth sense about my mother’s mood. 10. Is it possible to find a second job? 11. A third clerk left her desk and prepared to leave. 12. Without a second thought Blackie said urgently, “I have a solution, Emma! Marry me!” 13. The boy slopped through the ledge on all fours. 14. I think it’s better this way, that we go out in twos and threes – less noticeable, for one thing. 15. I was worried. Everything seemed to be at sixes and sevens. 16. I began, as they say, to put two and two together. 17. A first class college offers you the highest standards of educating. 18. Elevenses is a light snack that you have in the middle of the morning.
Ex . 4 85 . Translate into English.
1. Я народився 31 грудня. Отже, це для мене подвійне свято. 2. Одна голова добре, а дві краще. 3. Конференц-зал знаходиться на четвертому поверсі. 4. Школа №185 знаходиться на 15-й Парковій вулиці. 5. Справу №587 слухають у шостій кімнаті. 6. Сьома частина прибутку цієї компанії йде на благодійність. 7. – А як щодо другої чашечки кави? – Дякую, однієї достатньо. 8. Він зробив другу, третю спробу, і тільки четверта закінчилася вдало. 9. У гаражі два автомобілі. Один –тата, а другий –мого старшого брата. 10. Хто каже, що третій зайвий? Навпаки, Господь трійцю любить. 11. Зараз я перечитую “Тисячу і одну ніч”. 12. Населення цього міста – чотири мільйони чоловік. 13. Перше кохання не забувається! 14. Вони зустрілися на прем’єрі. 15. Багатьом подобаються кінофільми шістдесятих. 16. Діти пролізли до сусідського саду під парканом рачки. 17. Вода покриває чотири п’ятих поверхні землі. 18. У Ватикані 11 500 кімнат. 19. У республіці Сан-Марино проживає тільки 20 000 мешканців.
Chapter VI. THE ADJECTIVE
Ex. 48 6 . Read and translate the sentences. Pay attention to the descriptions given in them.
1. Harry looked nothing like the rest of the family. Uncle Vernon was large and neckless, with an enormous black moustache; Aunt Petunia was horse-faced and bony; Dudley was blond, pink and porky. Harry, on the other hand, was small and skinny, with brilliant green eyes and jet-black hair that was always untidy. He wore round glasses, and on his forehead was a thin scar. 2. Mrs. Reynolds was a tall, striking woman in her late forties, with blond hair and a typical pink English complexion. She had a friendly smile and an assertive yet sympathetic way about her. 3. Tonight Samantha wore well-tailored blue jeans, a white cotton shirt, a black gabardine blazer, and highly polished black Oxfords with white socks. 4. I shivered. It was a damp November night and quite cold, typical English winter weather. 5. It was a radiant day, the sky was a high blue and clear, and the sun was brilliant. 6. It was a blustery day. There was a high wind that blew the new green leaves off the trees. It was a chilly morning but the sky was a cerulean blue filled with puffy white clouds that raced across the great arc of the sky.
(from “Harry Potter” by J.K. Rowling)
Ex. 48 7 . State whether the following adjectives are qualitative or relative. Make up sentences of your own with them.
1. stone, stony; 2. silver, silvery; 3. wax, waxen; 4. snow, snowy; 5. sun, sunny; 6.silk, silken; 7. gold, golden, gilded; 8. wool, woolly, woolen; 9. wood, wooden; 10. brass, brazen.
Ex. 48 8 . Choose the right word to fill in the blanks.
1. a) The ... Age is the earliest known period of human history. b) The ground here had always been … . c) There came … silence, (stone, stony) 2.a) He was born with a ... spoon in his mouth. b) There is a … birch under my window. c) Meryl was wearing a long … dress. d) From the hall there came the … chime of the old clock. (silver, silvery) 3. a) We need some ... candles. b) Old Nancy had a … complexion. (wax, waxes) 4. a) Let’s built a … man. b) We went to see him one … day in London. (snow, snowy) 5. a) I worked … - up to ... - down. b) You have a wonderful ... tan. c) It was a … day. d) Bob has a ... disposition. (sun, sunny) 6. a) I think I’ll bye this … scarf. b) This girl has … lashes. c) Her hair was very long and … . (silk, silky, silken) 7. a) There are … daisies in the grass. b) He won a … medal. c) Sue wore a tiny ... cross. d) These are … rules. e) The princess was a beautiful girl with … hair. f) They stopped before the … altar (gold, golden, gilded) 8. a) He was dressed in a good … suit. b) My Granny knitted a pair of long … socks for me. c) Betty had a … cap on. (wool, woolly, woolen) 9. a) They have a … house. b) He had a ... head. (wood, wooden) 10. a) There was a … jug on the table. b) She is tired of her husband’s … love affairs. (brass, brazen)
Ex. 48 9 . Give degrees of comparison of the following words if possible.
I. angry, brave, bad, convenient, dry, dead, final, good, heavy, narrow, perfect, Persian, right (left), square, important, white, yellow, unique, little
II. absent-minded, easy-going, fine-looking, good-natured, high-flown, high-heeled, kind-hearted, much-spoken, narrow-minded, old-fashioned, strong-willed, well-bred
Ex. 4 90 . Choose the right words to fill in the blanks.
1. a) When Scott reached the ... Pole, he saw the Norwegian flag already there. b) Antarctica is in the … Hemisphere. (south, southern) 2. a) This novel is based on a ... story. b) I think Linda is a ... person. (true, truthful) 3. a) It was a great, yes, it was a ... change for the country. b) They played their part in the ... process, (historic, historical) a) He rents a flat in … London. b) These cliffs and grounds are in the ... Hemisphere. (north, northern) a) This fish is so bony! I find it …! b) These beautiful fungi are ... . They are poisonous. (uneatable, inedible) a) – John is as … as a girl. – Yes, he is very touchy. b) – On the other hand, he is a ... boy. –Yes, I would say he is intelligent. (sensible, sensitive) 7. a) The country is having great … difficulties. b) This car is very ... . It needs little petrol. (economic, economical) 8. a) This chronicle gives a … presentation of events. b) The discovery of penicillin was a ... event. (historic, historical) 9. a) The handwriting was ..., but I recognized it as Mark’s. b) It may be a good novel, but I find it ... . (unreadable, illegible) 10. a) In our new flat we have an ... cooker. b) Accumulator gave off a sudden ... discharge. (electric, electrical)
Ex. 4 91 . Complete the sentences using the comparative or the superlative form of the adjectives given in brackets.
1. – Boris is certainly (clever) than his brother. – Yes, and he is (attractive) than his brother Peter. In fact, he is (smart) boy I’ve ever taught. 2. Nothing could be (extravagant) than buying such an expensive car. You will have to be (careful) with your money in future. 3. Life is getting (hard) and (complicated) with every passing day. 4. It is (effective) method of all, but it is naturally costly. 5. Stephen is (intelligent) than any other boy in his group. 6. It has been (cold) day in Kharkiv for thirty years. 7. It’s (little) I can do for you, I’m afraid. 8. That was (bad) than he had expected. 9. That was indeed (bad) experience in his career. 10. They naively think that things can only get (good). 11. This is (unbelievable) news I have ever heard. 12. He ate (few) French fries than you did at the picnic. 13. Angela is (little) organized than Mike. 14. If you ask me, Kiїv is (beautiful) than any other city in the world. 15. They had (little) and (little) to talk about. 16. It is axiomatic that (great) the student’s individual effort, (much) thorough will be his learning. 17. The (much) original a discovery, the (much) obvious it seems afterwards.
Ex. 4 92 . Complete the following comparisons.
1. Barbara is nearly ... old ... her stepmother. 2. There are more … two thousand books in my mother’s library. 3. Bob talks just ... his father. 4. Would you be ... kind … to close the door for me? 5. Do … I tell you; don’t do … I do. 6. I am not ... naive … to believe all he promises me. 7. After your heart attack you should walk ... slowly ... possible. 8. The Volga is not now ... wide ... it was. 9. I have ... many working hours a week ... any other employee. 10. A shower uses less water … a bath. 11. On Sundays we don’t have to get up … early ... usual. 12. This house is two times ... big ... the old one. 13. They use twice ... much electricity … compressor machines. 14. In my opinion, it’s worth more ... twice that figure. 15. He can lift a box thrice ... heavy.
Ex. 4 93 . Read and translate the following colourful and unusual comparisons. Make up sentences with them.
1. as different as chalk and cheese 2. as scarce as hen’s teeth 3. as dark as inside of a wolf 4. as happy as a pumpkin in a sunny patch 5. as ugly as home-made soap 6. as black as two o’clock in the morning 7. as happy as a dog with two tails 8. as nervous as a brick wall 9. as brave as the first man who ate an oyster 10. as cold as an ex-wife’s heart 11. as big as the little end of nothing 12. as noisy as two skeletons dancing on a tin roof
Ex. 4 94 . Complete the given phrases.
1. The sooner, ... . 2. The longer the day (is), ... . 3. The more we learn, ... . 4. The more expensive the wedding, .... 5. The later one goes to bed, ... . 6. The better the idea, ... . 7. The sunnier the weather, … . 8. The more knowledge you get, … . 9. The broader your outlook, ... . 10. The richer your vocabulary, ... . 11. The less chocolate you eat, … . 12. The farther from home, ... . 13. The more kids you have, ... . 14. The smarter a person is, ... . 15. The longer we study English, … .
Ex. 4 95 . Use the right degree of comparison of the adjectives in brackets.
1. He laughs (good), who laughs last. 2. He who laughs last, laughs (long). 3. Of two evils, choose the (little). 4. My aunt is the (old) of the four sisters. 5. Cats are (clean) than monkeys, but monkeys are (intelligent) than cats. 6. He is the (well-known) of that crew. 7. Put your (good) foot forward. 8. He had rarely listened to a (an) (absurd) proposal. 9. The kids had never eaten a sausage that was (big, red, hot). 10. Thank you, you are (kind) today than you were yesterday. 11. Socrates was (wise) Greek of all. 12. Get there first with (much) – that is the fundamental principle of tactics. 13. Which lie seems (good)? 14. Christopher is (friendly) than Ted. 15. Donald is (well-off) than either of his brothers. 16. Ben is (wealthy) of the three brothers. 17. Edwin was (nice) of the two sons.
Ex. 49 6 . Read the sentences and translate them into Ukrainian, paying special attention to the adjectives.
l. Good – better – best. Never rest. Till “good” is “better” and “better” is “best”. 2. A bad excuse is better than none. 3. A silent tongue and a true heart are the most admirable things on earth. 4. It is better to be the best of a low family than the worst of a noble one. 5. The symphony was a half-baked, splashy, cacophonous mess. 6. The film will be released in the first half of the following year at the earliest. 7. Broken hearts stain pillows with bitter tears. 8. Much to Mary’s further surprise, her mother was nowhere to be seen. 9. He is going to buy the latest golfing accessories. 10. Whom we love best, to them we can say least. 11. Learning makesa good man better and a bad man worse. 12. Now let’s have lunch and you can tell me about all your latest lady friends and the exciting parties you’ve been to. Many famous artists died in bitterest poverty. The positive hotel experience is a smooth arrival, delightful service, a pleasant night’s stay and a professional check-out.
Ex. 49 7 . Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the adjective. Mind the use of articles where necessary.
A. Late
1. These are … books and current magazines. 2. Are you getting off at ... stop? 3. He turned up ... than he had promised. 4. Let’s discuss ... news a little bit …, shall we? 5. We have two managers at the office: Igor and Svetlana. ... is thirty, … is twenty-eight. 6. Will you repeat … sentence, please. 7. This illustrated magazine shows photographs of … fashions. 8. Last week my students passed ... exam. 9. I am ..., but not ... . 10. We need ... telephone directory.
B. Near
1. There’s no one ... to me than you. 2.Excuse me, where is ... metro station? 3. … time think before you speak, 4. Are you getting off at ... stop, sir? 5. Who lives ... to the school, children? 6. ... week you’ll have to write ... essay according to our plan. 7. Who is going to be ... to do the talking?
C. Old
1. My roommate is as ... as I. 2. Of the four children Tony is … . 3. My … brother is a loving family man. 4. – Who is ... here? – Mr. Stone is, though he is the youngest man here. 5. Have you ... brother or sister?
D. Far
1. She is one of those who will go ... . 2. How ... is your native place from here? 3. Billy lived at ... end of the village. 4. She never went ... than school. 5. Do you think they will get any ... in this tricky matter? 6. A ... calculation shows that these figures are incorrect. 7. I live … from the city centre than you do. 8. They are waiting for ... news from home.
Ex. 49 8 . Translate into English.
1. Ви – моя остання надія. 2. Цього я від вас очікувала менше всього. 3. Вона виглядає молодше за її вік. 4. Жінці стільки років, на скільки вона виглядає. 5. Чим ближче іспити, тим більше я нервуюся. 6. – На скільки років ваш чоловік старший за вас? – Ми однолітки. 7. У найближчий вівторок ми обговоримо наступний розділ програми. 8. Які останні досягнення в цій галузі? 9. Подальші деталі будуть обговорені на наступному засіданні клубу. 10. На виставці представлено останнє (новітнє) обладнання зі всього світу. 11. Ні, далі ми не підемо, темнішає. 12. У мене дві близькі подруги: Олена та Тетяна. Перша дуже стримана, друга дуже емоційна. 13. Вони продовжили працювати без подальших коментарів. 14. Це остання крапля. Я цього не можу більше витримати.
Ex. 49 9 . Make up 6 sentences of your own according to the model.
Model: 1. The sky was a Wedgwood blue.
2. The walls were painted an antiseptic white.
3. The Queen Mother was dressed in forget-me-not bluefor the opening ceremony.
| The Adjective | The Noun-Intensifier |
| 1. white | ash, silver, snow, wax, lemon, magnolia, stone, chalk, powder, paper, a, antiseptic, milky |
| 2. black | raven, storm, jet, soot |
| 3. brown | earth, chocolate, rust, summer |
| 4. green | jade, emerald, bottle, grass, copper, apple, sea, pea, olive, lime |
| 5. grey | silver, iron, smoke, pearl, sea, seal |
| 6. red | gold, flower, blood, brick, rose, beet, coral, wine, turkey, rust |
| 7. blue | forget-me-not, baby, sapphire, Cezanne, pastel, Dresden, corn, midnight, china, sky, blue, turquoise, navy, ice, Wedgwood |
| 8. yellow | daisy, butter, acid, candy, lemon, creme |
Ex. 500. Read the text and retell it.
Colourful English
Colours colour our language – and that is not just pigment of my imagination. Think of the words we use to describe how we feel. At various times we are greenwith envy, gray with exhaustion, red with embarrassment, or white with rage. We can fall into a blackmood, a purple passion, or a bluefunk; when things start looking up, we feel in the pink.
Even the animal world gets painted by the colouring of human imagination.
Have you ever owned a white elephant? Before you shake your head no, remember that nowadays the expression white elephant means an object of some worth that nobody else seems to want, like a huge out-of-style couch or a pedal-driven sewing machine. White elephant refers back to the albino elephants once considered sacred in Siam (now Thailand). These creatures were so rare that each one born became automatically the property of the king and was not permitted to work. When a subject incurred the king’s displeasure, the angry monarch would bestow one of his white elephants on him as a gift. The enormous appetite and utter uselessness of the animal would soon plunge the “gifted” man into financial ruin. Can you explain the meaning of red herring? The original red herrings were strong-smelling fish that the fox hunters of Old England dragged across the fox’s trail to confuse the hounds and give the quarry a sporting chance. Today the meaning of red herring has been broadened to signify a misleading statement that diverts our attention from the real issues.
Substantivized Adjectives
Ex. 501. Read and translate the sentences. Find and comment on substantivized adjectives.
1. Haven is where the police is British, the cooks are Italian, the mechanics are German, the lovers are French, and all is organized by the Swiss. Hell is where the cooks are British, the mechanics are French, the lovers are Swiss, the police is German and all is organized by the Italians. 2. Mr. Alexander is writing a book on fundamentals of English Grammar. 3. The prospect of a new business deal gave her a high. 4. His illustrated talk presented the highs and lows of his journey. 5. The place was deserted, all the locals had left with the summer residents. 6. The rest had done him good, he knew that. 7. Another thought struck Ursula all of a sudden. 8. Why do you ignore the obvious? 9. The navy was in the thick of the fighting. 10. She always tries to see the best in people. 11. The authorities are very much concerned with the number of the homeless on London streets. 12. He was aGerman through and through. 13. It’s a possible. I’ll think about it later. 14. From the sublime to the ridiculous there is only one step. (Napoleon) 15. He is working like a black. 16. She admired the tints of Renoir’s paintings. They were breath-taking: shell-pink and pearl, deep rose and gold, soft pastel blues and greens and the most glorious of yellows. 17. All my life, I’ve gotten nothing but A’s, Even in Latin, which I found to be a difficult subject. 18. We must turn human wrongs into human rights. 18. This figurine is a pretty. I see you are fond of pretties.
Ex. 502. Read and translate the proverbs. Find their Ukrainian equivalents.
1. Actions speak louder than words. 2. He who is absent is always in the wrong. 3. A bad excuse is better than none. 4. Better late then never. 5. It is better to be born lucky than rich. 6. A creaking door hangs longest. 7. The difficult is done at once; the impossible takes a little longer. 8. The best doctors are Dr. Diet, Dr. Quiet and Dr. Merryman. 9. Experience is the best teacher. 10. Fortune favours the brave. 11. One law for the rich and another for the poor. 12. A man is as old as he feels, and a woman as old as she looks. 13. The more you get, the more you want. 14. Nothing is certain but the foreseen. (The unexpected always happens.) 15. Prevention is better than cure. 16. The sharper the storm, the sooner it’s over. 17. Never speak ill of the dead. 18. Two wrongs don’t make a right. (Two blacks don’t make a white.) 19. The weakest go to the wall. 20. A word to the wise is enough.
Chapter VII. THE ADVERB
Ex. 503. Read the sentences and translate them into Ukrainian. Pay special attention to the words in italic type.
1. I like living. I have sometimes been wildly, despairingly, acutely miserable, racked with sorrow, but through it all I still know quite certainly that just to be alive is a grand thing. (Agatha Christie) 2. There was a solution and it had come to Emma in a flash. The solution was planning. She suddenly knew that if the work was planned properly and systematically, in a sensible way, and distributed more intelligently it would be easier to manage. Of this she was absolutely confident, and the more she thought about it, the more convinced she had become. 3. I fell blindly, madly, irrevocably in love with him. And he with me, as I was eventually to discover. He captivated me entirely. 4. He stood up when he saw her and smiled faintly, almost apologetically, but he made no move in her direction, as he would normally have done. 5. We were close friends and then we started to work together professionally, when suddenly, unexpectedly, we brake. 6. You are old enough to discuss this calmly and intelligently. In a reasonable manner. 7. Just as a newborn baby grows physically, so you will grow spiritually. 8. May you always laugh heartily, cry openly, sing loudly, dance wildly, love unashamedly!
Ex. 504. Fill in the blanks with words from the right column.
1. Mind, it is ... confidential. a. brightly
2. He’ll have to limit his expenses … . b. well
3. It changes ..., like night and day. c. hopefully
4. We’ll contact you ... . d. badly
5. They never took me … . e. briefly
6. This morning they quarrelled ... . f. automatically
7. In the grate a log fire burned .... g. occasionally
8. This chap plays the piano so .... h. regularly
9. He expresses his ideas . i. directly
10. They didn’t think twice and came … . j. seriously
11. I go to the theatre … . k. clearly
12. Her mind on her son, she cooked ... . l. severely
13. They considered the contract … . m. normally
14. I ... get up at 8 o’clock. n. strictly
15. “Can we come in?” she asked ... . o. deeply
16. Always try to breathe ... . p. immediately
Ex. 505. Give the degrees of comparison of the following adverbs.
Badly, briefly, carefully, clearly, distinctly, early, effectively, efficiently, far, fast, frankly, frequently, hard, heartily, honestly, late, little, much, often, patiently, soon, well, willingly.
Ex. 506. Put the words in brackets into the right form.
1. Statistics say that women drive (carefully) than men. 2. Please talk a bit (quietly) and (little) aggressively. 3. There’s nothing (annoying) than losing your door key. 4. Tom prefers to be alone. He is (sociable) person in the office. 5. This time he tried (hard) than last time. 6. A big car can be parked (easily) than a small one. 7. We walked (far) than we had planned. 8. Today David acted (generously) than ever before. 9. The final exam was (little) difficult of all. 10. This month Caroline worked (badly) of all, though actually she works (well) of all the pupils of her class. 11. You don’t remember some details. You should study the papers (closely). 12. They can get here at 7 o’clock at (early). It’s a long way from here. 13. Changes will become necessary by the autumn, at (late). 14. Really, Alex, you could work (efficiently)!
Ex. 507.Translate into English.
1. Вони прожили разом щасливо багато років. 2. Кажуть, ти дуже добре виступав учора, вітаю! 3. Інспектор негайно вчинив необхідних заходів. 4. Мій учитель вільно володіє чотирма мовами. 5. Посидьте тут тихо, дітки, доки не прийде ваша матуся. 6. Моєму другу подобаються лише швидкі автомобілі. 7. Люди, які їздять дуже швидко, рано чи пізно потрапляють у аварії. 8. Це легке питання. Дитина легко може відповісти на нього. 9. – Вам зрозуміло це правило? – Так, ви його так чітко пояснили. 10. Учора до нас зненацька приїхали гості. 11. Я практично ніколи не лягаю спати раніше одинадцятої. 12. Мої друзі майже завжди відпочивають влітку. 13. В основному це була моя провина. 14. Я цілком з вами згодний. 15. Дозвольте розповісти вам коротенько, у чому справа. 16. Повинен вам сказати, що поводили ви себе зухвально.
Ex . 50 8. Find adverbs in B which suit the verbs in A. In some cases there can be more than one verb.
A. a) argue; b) behave; c) sleep; d) speak; e) explain; f) feel; g) investigate; h) react; i) sing; j) fight; k) rain; l) remember; m) love and respect; n) get mad
B. 1. deeply; 2. thoroughly; 3. convincingly, forcefully; 4. spontaneously; 5. bravely; 6. truly; 7. deeply, heavily; 8. distinctly; 9. badly, stupidly; 10. softly, quietly; 11. concisely, briefly; 12. sweetly; 13. continuously; 14. easily
Ex. 50 9 . Choose the right word.
1. By nature all men are alike, but by education widely … . Do you think ... about it? (different, differently) 2. My teacher taught me … as he used the latest, most ... methods of teaching. (effective, effectively) 3. Men talk …, but live ... . Even … men make ... mistakes. (wise, wisely, foolish, foolishly) 4. The children’s presentation was very … . The events developed ... . (dynamic, dynamically) 5. Life is too ... to learn more than one business well. They returned ... afterwards. (short, shortly) 6. – Act ... and go … . – But I am neither ... nor ... . (honest, honestly, bold, boldly) 7. She is walking so … . How ... this ballerina is! (graceful, gracefully) 8. – We must have a ... talk. – Is it so necessary to discuss all this ... ? (confidential, confidentially) 9. His name can be … seen in many papers. What’s the ... news? (current, currently) 10. – Charles and Diana were very ... matched. – Yes, it was a ... match from start to finish. (bad, badly) 11. Make haste ... . He is as ... as a snail. (slow, slowly)
Ex. 5 10 . Translate into English.
1. Відверто кажучи, ти не дуже серйозно ставишся до своїх обов’язків. 2. Взагалі мені не потрібна твоя допомога. 3. Я лише частково згоден з вами. 4. Скажи нам відверто, чому ти поводився так безглуздо. 5. Він зробив добрий вчинок, і від цього він дуже гарно почувається. 6. Нежить пройшла, і я дуже добре себе почуваю. 7. Учора йшов сильний дощ, а сьогодні вже сніг. 8. Все добре, що закінчується добре. 9. Рано чи пізно, правда вийде назовні. 10. У нас практично нема іншого виходу. 11. Той, хто каже, що гроші не можуть купити щастя, не знає, де купувати. 12. Кожен день приносить нам багато нової інформації.
Part II
SYNTAX
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