The Present Perfect Progressive

Ex. 4 7 . Read and translate the sentences. Comment on the tenses in them.

1. – Can I let you in on a little secret? – Why not? You’ve been telling me your secrets since you were eight. 2. There’s something I've been meaning to ask you. 3. A fine rain has been falling steadily since six o’clock and there is a dark mist on the river. 4. “Are you thinking of selling off one of the hotels?” “I have been toying with the idea,” Meredith admitted. 5. She is filling the case with the papers she has been working on all day. 6. Was it gout again? Has it been bothering you lately, Bruce? 7. Blair has been working for days to make this Christmas Day a very special one. 8. Is there someone you’ve been seeing? 9.For generations, Transamerica has been helping people plan for a comfortable career. 10. In my eyes you can see all the love that I’ve been feeling. 11. Let’s talk about that fatigue, the attacks you've been having. When did the first one occur?  12. Her mind is still on her mother who has been seeing psychiatrist for the past few weeks. 13. British Rail has been wanting to close this line down for years on the grounds that it doesn’t pay its way. 14. We’ve been hearing this warped reasoning for so long about so many things that it has become received wisdom. 15. What’s been goingon? Why haven’t you been answering my letters?

Ex.4 8 . Put the verb in brackets into the Present Perfect Continuous.

1. I (work) on this problem for two months. 2 She (sleep) all this time? 3. You (talk) this nonsense all day long. 4. “Any news about your latest project?” – “I just (tell) about it.” 5. He says he (not/feel) well for the past week. 6. You are red all over. How long you (lie) in the sun today? 7. I (try) to get you all day, George! 8. I(not/sleep) well for months. 9. We (see) each other regularly since the party at Helen’s. 10. “Jack isn’t working now.” – “He (not/work) for years.”

Ex. 49 . Use the right form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Good gracious, Kit, whatever you (do)? You seem to have all the paint on yourself that there is in the world. 2. I (think) about you all day, Emma. 3. What you (do) since we last (meet)? 4. – You look hot. – Yes, I (play) tennis. 5. I (work) in a bookshop now. I (work) here for about six weeks. 6. I (do) so for thirty years and I’m not going to change my ways. 7. She (have) toothache since she (get) up this morning. 8. How long you (know) Susan? 9. We (write) invitation cards all morning. We (write) eleven already. And we still not (finish) them all. 11. I (keep) a watch on the road for the last few days, trying to catch a glimpse of you as you passed. 12. And now, gentlemen, I want to know what (go on) here and how long it (go on). 13. He (chase) this girl for half a year but she wouldn’t even look at him. 14. They (think) a lot about this situation these past few days, since they (be) home. 15. There’s something I (want) to ask for the last couple of hours.

Ex 5 0 . Translate into English.   

1. Ти давно чекаєш на мене? 2. Ви знову побилися? 3. Як давно у вас болить нога?       4. Він працює вже три години. 5. Я вивчаю іспанську з вересня. 6. Ганна шукає роботу шість місяців. 7. Мій брат пале десять років. 8. Вони працюють у Манчестері з 1-го березня. 9. Який глибокий сніг! Скільки ж часу він йшов? 10. У тебе червоні очі. Ти плакала? 11. З якого віку ти граєш у шахи? 12. Як давно ви живите у цьому місті?  

Ex. 5 1 . Complete the sentences in A with B by using the right tense of the given hints.

A. 1. Why are your eyes red? 2. The kitchen smells of fresh fruit. 3. Why is the computer switched on? 4. You both look upset. 5. Ben, why are your jeans torn?       6. My clothes are all on the bed. 7. Your hands are in flour. 8. Why have you all fallen silent? 9. My fingers are sticky. 10. Little Nancy’s face is in something brown.      11. Why is your room in such a mess? 12. There are empty bottles and glasses and packets all over the place. 13. Mary, your hands are so cold!

B. a). celebrate something; b). look for the passport; c). eat a Mars bar; d). talk about me again? e). eat honey; f). bake a pie? g). my daughter, try on; h). play football;        i). quarrel again; j). look for the programme; k). make a fruit salad; l). watch television for hours; m). clean the snow off the doorstep

Ex. 5 2 . Translate into English.

1. Ми слухали тебе дуже уважно протягом двох годин, і зараз ми переконані, що ти кажеш правду. 2. Останнім часом ти зустрічаєшся з ким-небудь? 3. Ти можеш розповісти мені все. Ти довіряла мені всі свої таємниці з тих пір, як навчилася розмовляти. 4. Ми мешкаємо поряд з родиною Петренко двадцять років. І завжди ми були добрими сусідами. 5. “Я берегла цю обручку багато років і тепер віддаю її тобі. Бережи тебе Господь!” – сказала мені бабуся. 6. Не можу передати, що відчували твої батьки, поки тебе не було. 7. – Давно ми не зустрічали (to see) цю дівчину. – Так, ми не бачили її з тих пір, як повернулися з Парижу. 8. Мій син збирає машинки з трьох років. 9. Я зранку готую, сподіваюсь, обід усім сподобається. 10. Усе своє життя я працюю як раб, щоб мої діти одержали гарну освіту. 11. – Як довго ти носиш ці окуляри? – Вони вже у мене два роки. 12. Є дещо, про що я давно хочу тебе спитати.

Ex. 5 3 . Complete the sentences with your own words using the Present Perfect and

        the Present Progressive.

 1. _ since eight o’clock this morning.

Examples: I have been sitting in class since eight o’clock this morning.

                 I have had three classes since eight o’clock this morning.  

2. _ since I came to _.                              7. _ since the beginning of this century.

3. _ since (year).                                      8. _ since _.

4. _ since (month).                                   9. _ for (number of years).

5. _ since (day).                                      10. _ for a long time.

6. _ since _ o’clock this morning           11. _ for several months.

        afternoon / evening.                        12. _ for the last ten minutes.

Ex. 5 4 . Translate into English.

 1. Коли падає зірка, треба загадати бажання. 2. – Дивись, падає зірка. – Ти загадала бажання? – Так. 3. Мода в наш час постійно змінюється. 4. – Мій друг працює в компанії, що виробляє комп’ютери. Давно він там працює? – Він там із часу заснування фірми. 5. Настав вересень. Багато людей готуються до зими. 6. У наш час все більше жінок водять машини. Жінки дуже змінився за останні роки (over the years). 7. Леся знову посварилася зі своїм хлопцем, тому що він постійно дзвонить їй запівніч. 8. У нас був не дуже продуктивний тиждень. Ми практично нічого не зробили. Ми марнуємо час. Яка прикрість! 9. Поліція працює, але вона поки що не знайшла можливого мотиву злочину. 10. Я так стомилася від цього шуму. Сусіди вже тиждень свердлять стіни. 11. – У будинку пахне фарбою. – Так, ми вже місяць ремонтуємо квартиру. Кімнати закінчили, але кухню ще не починали фарбувати. 12. Мої родичі збираються купити невеликий будиночок у сільській місцевості. Вони планують і говорять про це вже два роки, але поки що не знайшли вдалого варіанту. 13. Скільки я її знаю, вона завжди була такою перебірливою. 14. Вже дуже багато років моєму дідусю належить невеличкий шматок землі. Він завжди захоплювався садівництвом і перетворив свою землю у чудовий сад. 15. З дитинства він має таке тонке почуття гумору. 

Ex. 5 5 . Answer the questions.

1. Have you made any change in your life recently? What have you been doing since that change took place?

2. Choose a person that you know whose life-stile has changed. What change took place in this person’s life? What was his or her life like before? What has he or she been doing since the change took place?

3. Do you have a particular hobby? Have you ever had one? How long have you been interested in this? How did you become interested in it? Why do you enjoy it? Why are hobbies important to people? What are some typical hobbies that people in this country enjoy?

THE PAST TENSES

The Past Simple

Ex. 5 6 . Give the Past simple of the following verbs.

Be, bear, begin, become, bring, buy, broadcast, cut, do, eat, fall, find, found, give, go, have, read, rise, set, shine, sing, stroke, swing, spring, throw, wear, win, write.

Ex. 5 7 . Change the following into the Past Indefinite.

Example: Granny usually gets up at 6.30. Yesterday she got up at 6.30.

1. Granny usually wakes up early. Yesterday morning ________.

2. Granny usually walks in the garden. Yesterday ________.

3. Granny usually has a sandwich for lunch. Yesterday ________.

4. Granny usually goes out in the evening. Yesterday evening ________.

5. Granny usually sleeps very well. Yesterday ________.

Ex. 58. Write questions. A friend has just come back from Italy and you are asking him about it.

Examples: What place / go to? What place did you go to?

              The weather / fine? Was the weather fine?

1. how long /stay there? _____. 2. stay at hotel? _____. 3. go alone? _____. 4. how / travel? 5. the food / good? _____. 6. what / do in the evening? _____. 7. make any friends there? _____.

Ex. 59. Make the following sentences interrogative and negative.

1. In the 1950s, television cut deeply into the movie-going audience. 2. He did a tremendous amount of work. 3. They carried out a huge survey. 4. There were a lot of disasters in the 20^th century. 5. The actress gave a bravura performance in the Aldwych in London. 6. He failed to appear before the magistrate. 7. Hobbs was a founding partner in the Atlantic Financial Markets. 8. They couldn’t get out of the place. 9. We had absolutely nothing to do last weekend. 10. When they saw me, they shut up. 11. She began the examination in time. 12. She had a problem on her mind. 13. The old man used to take a long walk every morning.

Ex. 60. Use the right form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Hilary Benson let Melanie (weep). She handed her patient a box of tissues in silence. Then she (pour) a glass of water, and (bring) it to the crying woman. Meredith (take) it from her, (sip) the water, and (say) after a moment, “I’m sorry for my outburst.”

2. “Listen, you two, before we have supper I want to show you my finds.” “Finds? What (mean)?” Andrew asked, smiling at me fondly.

“I (poke) around in the library this afternoon, and I (find) a diary by one of your ancestors, Lettice Keswick, which she (write) in the seventeenth century.” “Good Lord! So that’s what you (do) all afternoon, digging amongst those old books,” Diana (cut) in, “but you (say) finds, Mal, in the plural. What else you (discover)?” “Let me (go) and (get) them. Once you (see) the books, you (understand) what I (talk) about.”

Ex. 61. Complete the sentences with used to.

Example: He doesn’t play the piano any more but he used to play every day.

1. She doesn’t eat sweets now but she _ them every day. 2. Miranda _ my colleague but we don’t work together any longer. 3. We live in Sussex now but we _ in Scotland. 4. Now there is one cinema in our town but there _ five. 5. When they were young they _ our garden but they don’t like it now. 6. Melly walks everywhere now. She _ a horse.

Ex. 62. Use the right form of the verbs in brackets.

1. As Emma walked, she (do) a little window shopping. From time to time she (stop) and (look) at the beautiful clothes in the chic boutiques. Milan (be) the fashion centre of the world and she (decide) to do some shopping later if she (have) time.

2. At nine Jack (stop) working, (shut) off the lights, (leave) the barn, and (go) back to the house. He (find) a cold beer in the refrigerator, (make) himself a cheese-and- tomato sandwich, and (take) his evening snack into the living-room. After turning on the television, he (sit) down in the chair, (eat) his sandwich, (drink) his beer, and channel (surf) absent-mindedly.

3. The days passed quietly, uneventfully. I (do) very little. I (read) occasionally, (watch) television, sometimes I (listen) to music, but for the most part I (sit) in the front of the fire, lost in my own world. I (have) no one and nothing I (can) live for. I simply (exist).

4. After dinner Molly (busy) herself at the sink. She (pull) apart several heads of lettuce, and (wash) the leaves scrupulously. Her thoughts (be) on her mother, but then they (take) an unexpected turn, and (zero) in on her father.

Ex. 63. Translate into English.

А. 1. Ми почали цей експеримент минулого тижня. 2. Вони повернулися о 7 годині вечора. 3. Ми вирішили відіслати цього листа вчора. 4. Кому ви віддали ці журнали? 5. Вчора в бібліотеці я зустрів Стіва. 5. Коли ви бачили його останній раз? – Минулого вівторка. 7. Минулого року ми не вивчали французьку. Ми вивчали англійську. 8. О котрій годині ви почали працювати вчора? – Після обіду. 9. Була гарна погода і ми з друзями пішли до парку. 10. Де ви були годину тому? Я вам телефонував. 11. Я зустрів її позавчора і вона розповіла мені про це.

В. 1. Тепер вона уникає ходити туди так часто, як раніше. 2. Він, було, зненацька                з’являвся в оселі своєї матусі і так само зненацька зникав. 3. Вона, бувало, годинами сиділа біля відчиненого вікна і дивилася на ліс за пагорбком. 4. Особисто я думаю, що зараз ви говорите англійською краще, ніж раніше. 5. Зараз він не палить, бо у нього погіршилося здоров’є. Але раніше він палив сигарету за сигаретою. 6. Колись він був вельми заможним чоловіком.

Ex . 64. A. Use the right form of the verbs in brackets.

1. The office hours were over at last. Jake (head) in the direction of the district where he lived. He (think) what a glorious day it (be), the way you always hoped an April day would be. It was crisp and dry, with bright sunlight and a vivid blue sky. It was the kind of day that (make) him (feel) good (be alive). He (open) the window of the pickup and (take) a few deep breaths of the clean air. Jake was finally feeling better in spirits. The light was crystalline today. Perfect.

2. As he (get) into the cottage, Jake opened the fridge and took out a cold beer. After swallowing a few gulps, he (go) into the living room, (sit) down, (pick) up the remote control and (flick on) the television. He (drink) his beer, staring at the set. He wasn’t paying much attention to the sitcom on one of the networks. Suddenly impatient with the television, he (flick off) the set and (lean) back in the chair, taking an occasional swallow of beer.

3. Half an hour later, as he (step) out of the shower, Jake (hear) the phone ringing, Maggie’s voice {say) good-bye. The answering machine (click off); he (depress) the button and (play) the message back. Pulling the phone toward him, he (dial) Maggie’s number. They (talk) for good twenty minutes and (decide) to meet the next day.

B. Describe your after-work hours. Use the words and phrases in italics type from the above text.

Ex. 6 5 . Use the right form of the verbs in brackets.

1. “Don’t worry! She’ll book your flight and get you a ticket before you even (say) Jack Robinson.” Catherine (begin) to laugh. “I not (hear) you use that expression for years, not since I (be) a kid. You (tell) me once where it (come) from, but now cant (remember). It (be) such an odd expression!” “Yet, it is. I (think) it (originate) in England and the Pommies (bring) it to Australia. Australians (start) to use it, and I guess it (become) part of our idiomatic speech. Sort of slang, really.”

2. Maggie put the receiver in its cradle and (turn) around, (stand) leaning against the desk, staring at Samantha. “You not (be going) to believe it, but that snake in the grass just (have) the temerity to call me honey.”

3. I looked at my mother and, and (see) the tears rising in her eyes. She (push) them back, and (take) a deep breath. “Mal, you (be) really all right? I (feel) that you (push) me away recently. You not (say) a word since I (be) here. You (feel) a bit better, darling? Tell me the truth.” “Yes, I (do) fine,” I (lie). A few days after that visit of my mother’s, I (fall) into a deep depression. I (feel) listless, without energy. I (be) helpless, almost an invalid.

Ex. 6 6 . Translate into English.

1. Це відбулося багато сторіч тому. 2. – Де і коли ви вперше зустрілися? – Це було минулого року в одного з друзів Дениса. 3. Я дзвонив їй днями, і все було гаразд. 4. Каразін заснував Харківський університет у 1804 році. 5. Ми посадили ці яблуні в нашому саду кілька років тому. 6. Михайло вилетів до Нідерландів два тижні тому. 7. Мій брат народився в 1995 році. 8. Вони бачили свою батьківщину десять років тому. 9. – Хто розповів тобі ці новини? – Ніхто. Всі вже все знали.   

10. – Ти був вчора в академії? – Я не був там з тих пір, як здав останній іспит. 11. – Минулим літом часто йшов дощ, чи не так? – Так, але як правило, тут улітку рідко йдуть дощі. 12. Минулого тижня був сильний сніг, і ми не змогли відразу відкрити двері гаражу. 13. – Хто ходив вчора за продуктами? – Це мати зробила.

Ex. 6 7 . Use the right form of the verbs in brackets using the Past Simple or the Present Perfect.

1. I never (see) anyone more beautiful than your wife. 2. I (meet) your husband this afternoon at Green Street. 3. He said, ”You (meet) this passenger. He calls himself Major Jones.” “I (speak) to him.” 4. “I (get) hold of some money – enough for Tony to go off for a couple of years.” “You (raise) all that money by doing your own housework?” “No, of course not.” “Milly, what you (be) up to? What you (do)?” “I (sell) the house.” “But what’s Tony going to say? You (tell) him?” “Why should he care? He’s young.” “Why you (not / tell) him?” 5. I understand you (have) an unpleasant experience at the week-end? What (happen) exactly? 6. You remember the coin you (find) in the pool? 7. He (light) a cigarette and (walk) to the window. 8. “Can we get dinner here?” “Of course we can. Have you got enough money? I (spend) my last dollar on the taxi.” 9. You (say) just now that time (be) everything. What you (mean) by that? 10. As we got into the taxi my brother asked, “Well, you (speak) to Harry?” “I (speak) to him for a moment.” 11. “Hallo,” the little girl said to her mother and looked at her companion. “Come and say ’How do you do’ to Mr. Ogden.” “I (see) him already.” “You can’t have done, dear. He only just (arrive) here.” “I (see) him in the hall this afternoon.” “I’m sure you didn’t. You (see) my little daughter yet, Mr. Ogden?” “I don’t think we (meet) before,” said Mr. Ogden. 12. “I remember you (have) three funny little freckles on your nose,” he said, “but they (disappear).” 13. I think I’d better go now. I (act) wrongly and I in a way (deceive) you. I’m sorry. 14. She (come) into the room and (learn) over her father’s chair and (kiss) his cheek. “You (have) a good trip?” 15. You (not / hear) what the pilot (say)? 16. At school I (be) never good at languages, but here I (pick) up a bit of French. 17. “Good night. It (be) nice to meet you,” he (say) and (go) off to his car. 18. “Poor girl,” said Renny looking after her. “Don’t pity her! She (have) her happiness. We all pay for that.” “You (have) yours?” “I (have) my share.” “You (pay) for it?” “Twice over.” 19. Well, I know what you (be) through. 20. “Then what (happen) to you there?” “let’s forget it. Even now I can’t believe I (do) it.”

Ex . 6 8 . Translate into English.

1. Я дивилася цей фільм, коли була підлітком. З тих пір я не бачила його.                2. Останнім часом вона не їсть солодкого. Вона худне. 3. Вони зустрілись багато років тому. Це була їх єдина зустріч. Вони більш не зустрічались. 4. Вчора він зробив геройський вчинок. 5. Поки що я не зробив нічого особливого. 6. – Давно ви приїхали? – А ми нікуди і не від’їжджали, ми вже тут багато часу. 7. Вони довго зустрічалися, але потім розлучилися. 8. Я так довго не зустрічався з друзями. 9. Ми давно не робили ремонту вдома, років десять. 10. Колись, дуже давно, він розповів мені про цю пригоду. 11. Ми так давно не розмовляли з тобою. Як справи? 12. Ми зустрічалися днями. У них все гаразд. 13. Це трапилось днями, два чи три дні тому.

The Past Progressive

Ex. 69 . Comment on the use of the Past Progressive.

1. When Ann turned on the television, the weatherman was giving the weekend forecast for Europe. 2. Diana and I were sitting in the library on Sunday morning reading the newspapers. Or rather, she was reading I was merely glancing through them.3.To make conversation I asked him what he was doing at Oxford. 4. The noise was caused by a dog, which was chasing a cat through the garden. 5. Summer was slipping away day by day. 6. The crisis over, Jake was finally feeling better in spirits. 7. Maxim’s jaw dropped, he was unable to absorb the things he was hearing. 8. And I just knew it was my mother’s face I was seeing in my mind. 9. As usual, he was being selfish, thinking only about himself. 10.He was liking the boy less and less every second. 11. When she came back to the office, the secretary was still riffling through some papers. 12. She was being perfectly friendly again. 13. Nora thought she was being noisy. 14. When I entered a Pizza Hut, all around me people were eating pizzas the size of bus wheels. 

Ex. 70 . Answer the questions using when and the verb of the subordinate clause in the Past Continuous Tense.

Example: When did she meet Helen? (walk along the street)

                 She met Helen when she was walking along the street.

1. When did you catch that cold? (skate on a frosty day) ________

2. When did he write those nice poems? (have a holiday) ________

3. When did she learn the language? (live in England) ________

4. When did she hear that song? (listen to a concert on the radio) ________

5. When did you buy that book? (read up for my exams) ________

6. When did the boy hurt himself? (ride the bicycle) ________

7. When did Philip lose his camera? (walk about the city) ________

8. When did he ring you up? (have supper) ________

Ex. 71 . Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple and the Past Continuous.

1. Mary (play) the piano; John (read); my wife (sew) when suddenly we all (hear) a shout.         2. When the doctor (leave) the hospital, he (catch) a glimpse of himself in the glass from door. 3. When her father (come) in she (sit) before a red tea-table, finishing a very good tea. 4. Next day, while he (shave) he (cut) himself slightly. 5. The door of his room (be) open; his mother still (stand) at the window. 6. And, smiling to himself, he (begin) to make plans, fantastic plans for the future. He still (smile) when he (walk) up the rock-cut steps. 7. I (sleep) soundly when the phone (ring). 8. We (sit) on our front porch when Mr Smith (drive) up in his new car. 9. Crosby (cross) the street when the car (strike) him. 10. It (drizzle) when they (come) out of the house. 11. When the World War (break), John (live) in Holland. 12. It (get) dark and I (suggest) that we should go down. 13. John (come) in, (look) at the fire, (stand) a moment, (turn) and (go) away. 14. As I (walk) home yesterday, I (meet) a beggar who (ask) me for some money. 15. We (come) into the dining-room while our parents (eat) supper. 16. She (run) down the stairs and (go) to the library, where her husband (stand) with his mother. 17. Mike (raise) his eyes from the book and (look) out of the window. It still (snow). 18. We (drive) at about forty miles an hour when the accident (happen). 19. You (have) a good time at those parties? 20. A fortnight later Holt (fall) and (hurt) himself when he (ride) his motorcycle. 21. He (go) into the kitchen and (get) himself a cup of coffee. 22. Eric (go) into the library and (sit) down to read the letter. The fire (crackle) merrily in the fireplace, and outside the wind (howl). 23. He (take) a cushion, (put) it behind and (lean) back. 24. At half past four I (put) on the lights. 25. When I (be) a boy, I (want) to be an actor. 26. While he (wait) to cross Fifth Avenue, a man standing beside him (cough) painfully. 27. She (draw) aside the curtains and (look) out into the Square. Two cats (stand) in the light of a lamp – narrow, marvelously graceful. 28. When I (hear) his knock I (go) to the door and (open) it, but I (not / wear) my glasses. 29. When they (walk) up the street together they (begin) to talk. 30. Your telegram (come) just as I (leave) home.         31. John (talk) with his boss when I last (see) him. 32. When he (arrive) home, he (go) straight to the sitting room and (take) off the picture.

Ex. 72 . Make the right choice.

1. Kate’s hopes _ after her last interview.

a. raised                            b. rose                                 c. were raising

 2. The landscape _ in silence, as if the world had stopped.

a. lay                                 b. laid                                  c. was lying

3. The King’s palace _ on the hill, overlooking the river.

a. was standing                 b. stood                                c. stayed

4. A narrow path _ to the entrance to the secret garden.

a. led                                 b. was leading                      c. is leading

5. Meredith laughed and _ a perfectly shaped blonde brow.

a. rose                                b. raised                                c. was raising

6. Instinctively she recognized that here her future _.

a. lay                                  b. lied                                   c. was lying

7. She _ suddenly and began to clear the kitchen table.

a. raised                              b. was rising                        c. rose

8. I _ my hand in greeting.

a. raised                                 b. rose                                  c. was raising

9. A little river _ through the grounds.

a. flowed                            b. was flowing                      c. flew

 10. Molly was walking along the lonely path that _ between the hills.

a. ran                                   b. was running                      c. runs

 11. A thick fog __ in the air.

a. hanged                            b. hung                                  c. was hanging

 12. Do you happen to know who _ this public fund?

a. found                              b. founded                             c. finds

13. My parents can’t offer me any financial help. I have to _ the money myself.

a. raise                               b. rise                                     c. rose

 14. Now she knew that her happiness __ in his hands.

a. was lying                       b. was laying                          c. lay

 15. When I came into the room, my dog _ on the bed again.

a. was laying                     b. lay                                      c. was lying

16. The door __ open.

a. stood                              b. was standing                      c. stood up

 17. Last week he _ a new record.

a. sat                                   b. set                                      c. was sitting

 18. After the heavy rains the lake _.

a. rose                                b. raised                                  c. risen

Ex. 73 . Use the right form of the verbs in brackets.

1. On that special day Grandma was in her best clothes, she (wear) net gloves and a hat.    2. The child’s eyes (shine) with excitement as he stared at the rows and rows of toys in this fantastic shop. 3. The scientists (work) around the clock, they (try) to raise funds for further research. 4. She looked out of the window and saw that the children (return) slowly from school. 5. When we (meet) for the first time, he (sell) newspapers on the streets. 6. At exactly this time yesterday they (have) a briefing. 7. What you (do) when I (call) you? You (sleep)or what? 8. We (have) a very lazy holiday. We (play) tennis, (visit) friends, the children (swim) and (sunbathe). 9. Gwenny still (leaf) through the magazines when Ireturned to the parlour. 10. The middle-aged couple next to me (discuss) their plans for Christmas – who to invite out. 11. The police who (investigate) the crime at the moment, (can) find no clues at all. 12. I know that you thought that I (be stubborn) the other day. 13. The train (speed) past hills full of cows and sheep.

Ex. 74 . Translate into English.

1. Я закінчила академію, коли мені було 22 роки. 2. – Коли ви були тут востаннє? – Років півтора тому. 3. Вистава продовжувалася кілька годин. Коли ми вийшли з театру, ми зустріли знайомих. 4. Він обдумував тиждень і потім прийняв рішення.   5. Він дивився на вогонь у каміні і про щось думав. 6. Минулого семестру ми часто відвідували студентські вечори. 7. Коли діти повернулися зі школи, мами не було вдома. Вона відвідувала родичів. 8. Коли ти зателефонував, я саме думав про тебе.  9. – Скільки часу ти набирав цей текст на комп’ютері? – Я працював дві години.    10. У неділю ми довго гуляли лісом. 11. Вони були партнерами, але потім розсталися через те, що не довіряли один одному. 12. Вона перегортувала журнал хвилин двадцять і пішла готувати вечерю. 13. – Як довго ви служили в армії? – Я три роки служив на флоті. 14. Вона написала цей роман за тиждень. 15. Апекс був дуже зайнятий. Він писав статтю для журналу.

Ex. 7 5 . Use the right form of the verbs.

1. While he rode / was riding in the forest he lost / was losing his wig. 2. When I arrived / was arriving the party was in full swing. Paul danced / was dancing with Mary, and Pat and Peter drank / were drinking champagne. 3. When I finished / was finishing the ironing, I cooked / was cooking dinner. 4. How fast did they travel / were they travelling when their car had / was having a puncture? 5. A police car passed / was passing us on the motorway when we did /were doing 80 miles per hour. 6. I took / was taking a photograph of him while he ate / was eating an ice-cream. 7. He didn’t like / wasn’t liking the photo when he saw / was seeing it. 8. I’m sorry I woke / was waking you. What were you dreaming / did you dream about?

Ex. 76 . Translate into English.

А. 1. Королівський палац стояв у парку. 2. Поліцейський стояв на перехресті і регулював рухом. 3. Річка текла повз села. 4. Перед нами лежала чудова полонина.      5. Хлопчик лежав на підлозі та дивився мультики. 6. Дорога вела до церкви.              7. Сусанін вів поляків через ліс, все далі і далі від Москви. 7. Її майбутнє у твоїх руках. 8. Хто заснував цей фонд? 9. Хто знайшов мою касету? Дякую! 10. Літак злетів, і через хвилину величезне місто лежало під нами. 11. Ця п’єса йде (run) в нашому театрі. 12. Чому на кухні тече вода? 13. Цей колодязь пересихає влітку.

В. 1. Вони зустрілись і покохали один одного, коли працювали разом у Сибіру в експедиції. 2. Вони жили в шістьох різних країнах, коли працювали за кордоном.          3. Коли Сільвія прийшла о восьмій з роботи, Тім готував вечерю. 4. Ми летіли до Америки сім годин і весь цей час я читав. 5. Вчора ввечорі Том приймав душ, коли пролунав дзвінок. 6. Джордж упав з дробини, коли білив стелю. 7. Телевізор був включений, але ніхто не дивився його. 8. Минулого року саме в цей час я був у відрядженні за кордоном. 9. – Я переконаний, що ти зустрів Мері вчора на вечірці. – Я не пам’ятаю її. У що вона була вдягнена?

The Past Perfect

Ex . 77 . Comment on the use of the Past Perfect in the following sentences.

1. The programmer had done the work by four o’clock. 2. The policeman asked if there had been any witnesses. 3. By the time we got to the shopping centre it had closed.   4. The students had written the test and were now checking them up. 5. Mike phoned Rosie, but she hadn’t returned home yet. 6. We had discussed the news and were now thinking about it. 7. She complained that she was penniless as she had spent all her money. 8. When I came back home, my family had already had dinner and were now watching the film. 9. It turned out that Dick was ill and he had been ill for a fortnight. 10. We learnt that they had been close friends for many years. 11. Hardly had I turned on the television, when I heard shocking news. 12. No sooner had he opened the door than the children rushed to meet him. 13. Scarcely had the inspector opened the envelope when he understood everything. 14. She had a stock of excuses, as usual, when in fact she had overslept as usual.

Ex. 7 8 . Use the Past Perfect Tense.

Examples:Why didn’t you listen to that play on the radio?

a) Because I had heard it before.

b) / didn’t listen to that play on the radio, because I had heard it before.

1. Why didn’t you see Fred when you came to Moscow? (leave)

2. Why didn’t Kate want to go to the cinema? (see the film)

3. Why didn’t you tell him my new address? (forget)

4. Why didn’t Jeff hear about Kate's examination? (pass)

5. Why did Fred come home so soon from his holiday? (spend all the money)
6. Why couldn’t you get into your flat at once? (lose the key)       

7. What did you learn about Bob? (get married)

8. What did she read in the newspaper about the expedition? (return)

9. What did he learn about Helen from the letter he received? (be ill for a month)

Ex. 79 . Use the right form of the verbs in brackets.

l. She (talk) about the party she (arrange) for the children who (attend) her Sunday-school classes. 2. Emma suspected he (arrive) at the truth years ago. 3. Jack and Amelia were the only family she ever (have). 4. She got dressed in the cotton shorts and top she (wear) the day before. 5. Mari glanced over at the clock. It (be) nearly nine. She recently (learn) to tell the time. 6. Her words had touched the core of me, and I realized with a small shock how badly I (behave), I (think) only of myself.          7. They (be) truly good friends again, closer that they ever (be). 8. It was lovely to hear her laugh again. He not (hear) her laugh in years. 9. The police cordoned off the street where the bomb (go off). 10. The suspect refused that he (assault) a policeman. 11. The prisoner (spend) almost a month digging a tunnel before the guards (discover) it. 12. He said he (be) awfully sorry for the things he (do). 13. She seated herself in the chair Bill (pull) out for her. 14. The tense, worried expression he invariably wore, (disappear). Now it (be) smooth, free of pain and concern. 15. Roger guessed that she just (make) a dreadful slip of the tongue. 16. Before the mid-nineteenth century, no dentist (use) anesthesia.

Ex. 8 0 . Unite the following pairs of sentences. Use the conjunctions after, as soon as, before, until, till, when.

Example:a) They went to England. They left school, (after)

                 They went to England after they had left school.

             b) The sun set. They finished their work, (before)

                 The sun had set before they finished their work.

1. The sun rose. He woke up. (before)

2. He died. He was very ill. (before)

3. I understood the problem. He explained. (as soon as)

4. She wrote the letter. She went to the post office. (after)

5. I drove to the airport. The plane took off. (when)

6. She read the message carefully. She wrote the reply. (before)

7. He left the room. 1 turned on the radio. (as soon as)

8. He had dinner. He-went to the cinema. (after)

9. The man didn’t leave. He didn’t receive a definite answer. (till)

10. We didn’t say a word. He finished his story. (until)

11. We reached the football ground. The game started. (when)

12. John worked as a skilled builder. He began to study architecture. (before)

13. Harold couldn’t leave for home. He completed everything. (till)

14. The snow was very deep. Itsnowed heavily. (after)

Ex. 8 1 . Translate into English.

1. Після того, як він побачив це своїми власними очима, він повірив, що чудо дійсно відбулося. 2. Це було дещо, про що ми ніколи не чули. 3. Майкл дуже здивувався, коли дізнався, що Еріка закохана в нього і закохана вже багато років. 4. Після того, як діти пішли до школи, у домі стало тихо. 5. Минулого року я вперше відвідала Ірландію. Я раніше там не була. 6. Ми не стояли у черзі, тому що купили квитки заздалегідь. 7. Коли Олена подзвонила до Гани, вона вже лягла спати. 8. До 1893 року жоден лікар не оперував на серці. 9. Після того, як незручний момент минув, всі розслабилися. 10. Він уявляв собі речі, яких не було. 11. Я раніше ніколи не займався водними лижами. Вперше я зробив це, коли відпочивав на Кіпрі. 12. Віктор був вимученим, втомленим. Він погано спав вже кілька ночей. Його безсоння не було чимось новим. 13. З гострою болем Нелі раптом зрозуміла, як сильно вона скучила за дітьми. 14. Можливо, Ема і була заполонена владою (be power-ridden). Але такою її зробило життя. Андрій знав про це, бо вже майже тридцять років був її фінансовим консультантом. 15. Після того, як вона зробила хоробрий вчинок, вона стала героїнею в очах кожного.

Ex. 8 2 . Which of the following things have you done by your seventeenth birthday? Use the Past Perfect tense to answer.

Example: By my sixteenth birthday, I had smoked cigarettes and decided that I was never going to smoke again.

1. smoke a cigarette; 2. learn to drive; 3. go on my first date; 4. get drunk; 5. study calculus; 6. study physics; 7. fall in love; 8. have my first kiss; 9. learn how to support myself; 10. live apart from my parents; 11. learn everything there is to know about life; 12. be on an airplane; 13. learn to speak another language well;     14. get a job; 15. decide what I wanted to do for a living.

Ex. 8 3 . Read and translate the sentences . Comment on the use of tenses in past-time contexts.

1. She sat staring at the page she had written last night in New York. How swiftly and drastically her life had changed since she had made that entry. 2. And for the first time in the more than twenty years she had found herself living in the city where she had been born. 3. They walked toward the house. It had been months since they had been there. They felt comforted by the charm of the house. It had always been a peaceful place. Ever since they had first set eyes on it, they had thought of it as a living thing. 4. It crossed her mind that she had not been able to go out much since she had arrived almost five weeks ago. 5. Scott was definitely worried by something. It had been a. long time since I had seen him in such a difficult mood. 6. The children loved Mat. They had felt safe with him from the very first time they had met on the moors. 7. She remembered that once, long ago, her mother had said that Maxim was like a cat with nine lives. How many of his had he used up?

Ex. 8 4 . Use the right form of the verbs in brackets.

1. The three of them became inseparable. A great deal of camaraderie (develop) between them in the short time they (know) each other. 2. He admitted that it (be) too long since he (see) them. 3. My life was hectic. And indeed it (be) a stormy life I (live) ever since. 4. Joe saw that Nel was worried. She (live) with a problem for the last few days, ever since the baby (be) born. 5. Mrs. Loveday liked Maggie. In the few weeks she (know) the girl she never (see) her ruffled. Nor she ever (hear) her raise her voice at the children. 6. He painted mostly in the red barn. It (become) a refuge for him since he (move) into the house. 7. She looked up at Charles. She (be) acutely conscious of him from the moment he (arrive). 8. The Berlin, she (be born) in, and where she (grow up), no longer existed.

Ex. 8 5 . Put the verb in brackets into the Past Indefinite and the Past Perfect.

A. 1. She realized that she was going to faint She (eat) nothing since the picnic. 2. His wife (not / be) in. She (go) out a quarter of an hour before. 3. After dinner Mr. Grag proposed a game of cards. He (not / play) cards since his illness. 4. Dr. Lecter (be) English, though he (live) in America for thirty years. 5. His smite (be) something she never (see) before. 6. He decided to wait till he (talk) to the man himself. 7. He (come) into the room a moment after I (get) there. 8. When he (return) at eleven o’clock the telegram (arrive). 9. When they (go) I (get) busy at the desk. 10. When evening (fall) their son (leave) the house. 11. I hardly (be) there five minutes when Mrs. Brown (come) in with the coffee. 12. He (promise) to ring me up when he (get) a definite answer. 13. Scarcely they (move) into the new house when their friends (come). 14. The evening (go) off easier than she (expect). 15. But the village he (show) her (be) the best she ever (see). 16. Just at that moment a boy and a girl (come) and (sit) down where the o1d couple (be) before. 17. I (keep) silence for a little while, thinking of what he (tell) me. 18. Soames (spend) the night at Winchester, a place he often (hear) of but never (see). 19. She (know) why he (come). 20. Within a week she (know) thefearful mistake she (make).

B. 1. We (sit) down to the table only when all the guests (arrive). 2. There (be) a curious expression on his face I never (see) before. 3. Almost opposite (be) that gallery where she first (meet) him and John. 4. He (be) a teacher at the University, as his father (be) before him. 5. There (be) silence after she (go). 6. From downstairs (come) the sound of a radio playing a song he never (hear) before. 7. And, paying for what he (not/eat), he (go) out, passing two acquaintances without sign of recognition. 8. Very deliberately and carefully Poirot (retell) the conversation he (hold) with Saitrana at Wessex House.          9. Julia, who (go) half way down one flight, (come) back. 10. There (be) something vaguely familiar about her face but I couldn’t remember where I (see) her before. 11. He (re-read) what he (write). 12. When Val (leave) them, Soames and Winifred (make) their way to the Cheshire Cheese. 13. She (be) ill for two days when we (learn) about it. 14. About twenty people already (arrive) when they (enter) the hall. 15. We (not / go) far when we suddenly (notice) the dark clouds on the horizon.

Ex. 8 6 . Translate into English.

1. Повернувшись до кімнати, він побачив Гану, де і залишив її. 2. Коли я увійшов, помітив, що хтось залишив парасольку в передпокої. 3. Він не прочитав і півкниги, як заявив, що вона йому не сподобалася. 4. Коли гості пішли, вона увійшла до вітальні та погасила світло. 5. Вона сиділа на дивані та думала, чому ще не надійшов лист від батька. 6. Дощ перестав, але в повітрі ще був легкий туман. 7. Я не знала, коли він пішов. 8. Він не пам’ятав його прізвища і не пам’ятав, щоб зустрічав його коли-небудь раніше. 9. Ми їхали години дві, коли нарешті побачили озеро. 10. Минув деякий час, переш ніж вони зрозуміли, що йому нічого було казати. 11. Приїхавши додому, він зізнався, що його сестра тільки-но пішла. 12. Коли експедиція повернулася, вони розповіли, що вони бачили в Африці. 13. Вона закінчила складати речі до того часу, як її сестра постукала у двері. 14. Останніми днями було дуже холодно, але снігу не було.          15. Коли всі пішли, вона підійшла до телефону і швидко набрала номер. 16. Коли повернулися батьки, я показала їм, що зробила. 17. Матуся намагалася заспокоїти мене після того, як ви пішли. 18. Не встиг він підійти до дверей, як зустрів своїх шкільних друзів. 19. Він знову повернувся до Львова, де жив з батьками в дитинстві. 20. Коли вони нарешті розлучилися, він повернувся до кімнати і пішов відразу до столу. 21. Було холодніше, ніж вона думала. 22. Коли всі пішли, я обережно зачинив двері. 23. Коли розвиднилося, ще дув сильний вітер, але сніг припинився.

Ex . 8 7 . Put the verb in brackets into the Past Indefinite, the Past Continuous and the Past Perfect.

1. He (close) the window and (sit) in his armchair, reading a newspaper. 2. When I (arrive) the lecture already (start). 3. The rain (stop) and the sun (shine) brightly. 4. Unfortunately when I arrived Ann just (leave), so we only had time for a few words. 5. I (watch) his eyes pretty closely while we (exchange) these remarks. 6. When we (reach) the field, the game already (start). 7. He suddenly (realize) that he (travel) in the wrong direction. 8. When I (look) for my passport, I (find) this old photograph. 9. You looked very busy when I saw you last night. What you (do)? 10. He (not / be) there five minutes, when the storm (begin). 11. He (not / allow) us to go out in the boat yesterday as a strong wind (blow). 12. I (call) Paul at 7.00 but it wasn't necessary because he already (get) up. 13. When I (hear) his knock I (go) to the door and (open) it, but I (not / recognize) him at first because I (not / wear) my glasses. 14. When he (seal and stamp) the envelope, he (go) back to the window and (draw) a long breath. 15. I (see) you yesterday from the bus. Why you (use) a stick? – I use it because I (hurt) my leg that morning. 16. We (return) home at nightfall and we (be) very glad to get home again, but we (have) a wonderful day. 17. As they (walk) along the road they (hear) a car coming from behind them. Tom (turn) round and (hold) up his hand. The car (stop). 18. When I (arrive) at the station Mary (wait) for me. She (wear) a blue dress and (look) very pretty. 19. When I (see) him he (pain) a portrait of his wife. 20. While he (water) the flowers it (begin) to rain. 21. While I (say) goodbye to the rest of the guests Isabel (take) Sophie aside. 22. The man (say) that they (work) on the road outside of my house and that they (want) some water to make tea.

Ex . 8 8. Translate into English.

1. Він усвідомлював, що пройшло багато років, як він брав відпустку. 2. Вони обожнювали цю дитину. Він був їх утіхою з того моменту, як народився. 3. Її думки все ще були про матір. Вона не бачила її з тих пір, як Ірина поїхала до Лондона. Вона не тільки віддала їй і брату любов та підтримку, але й надихала їх на досягнення всіх жадань. Вона завжди була їм і матір’ю і батьком. 4. Олена знала вірш напам’ять, бо її мати навчила багато років тому. І весь цей час він залишався у неї в пам’яті. 5. Він повідомив, що був закоханий у неї з тих самих пір, як вперше її побачив. 6. Зрозуміло, що в матері не було жодної хвилини відпочинку з тих пір, як ми взяли два цуценя і кішку. 7. Їй було шкода, що вона багато років не була в місті, де народилася. 8. Його володіння англійською мовою було бездоганне (flawless). Він одержував освіту в Англії з тих пір, як його родина переїхала туди. 9. Він виглядав як людина, що тільки-но виграла мільйон доларів.

The Past Perfect Progressive

Ex . 89. Read and translate the sentences. Comment on the use of the Past Perfect Progressive.

1. Later that afternoon, Derek put down the script he had been reading. 2. That evening Diana called me from London, and I told her what I’d been doing all day.       3. Emma, who had been listening attentively, knew with absolute certainty that he was speaking the truth. 4. Ketti looked at Sue and knew that she had been weeping.          5. Catherine, who had been looking at her mother intently, now spoke in a concerned voice. 6. It just happened so that she knew what her son had been doing. He had been courting her personal clients in an effort to take them over himself. But it wouldn’t work as long as she was head of the company. 7. Andrew, who is English, had been living in New York for seven years when we met. We had been seeing each other for only two months when he asked me to marry him. 8. I had been hearing and reading about the Vatican for so long that I was genuinely keen to see it.

Ex. 9 0 . Answer the questions.

Examples: Did you work at your English yesterday? Yes, I did.

How long had you been working at your English before you went for a walk? (for an hour) I had been working at my English for an hour.               

 1. Did it rain yesterday?

How long had it been raining when you left home? (for 3 hours).

 2. Did she work at the University before she retired?

How long had she been working there before she retired? (for 25 years).

 3. Did you stay at the hotel when you were in London?

How long had you been living there when Jane arrived? (for a fortnight).

 4. Did they study French before they went to France?

How long had they been studying it before they went there? (for 5 years).

 5. Did they work on their book last year?

How long had they been working on it before they sent it to the publishing house?

(for 2 years).

 6. Did your brother play football yesterday?

How long had had he been playing football before he took part in the world championship for the first time? (for 6 years).

 7. Did you listen to that record yesterday?

How long had he been listening to it before he could understand all the words?

(for an hour).

 8. Did the children walk in the wood in the morning?

How long had they been walking before you called them back? (for 2 hours).

Ex. 9 1 . Make up sentences according to the pattern.

Example: You came home. Your children were watching television.

           (they / not / do / any work) – They hadn’t been doing any work.

 1. Brother and sister came home with angry faces.

(they / quarrel / on the way home).

 2. There was nobody in the flat. But a delicious smell of fresh bread was in the air.

(Mother / bake / bread).

 3. Mary closed her eyes. She felt very tired.

(she / read / too long).

 4. You came home from a party. You were nearly dropping on your feet.

(you / dance / all night)

5.  When I looked at my typewriter, I saw a sheet of paper in it.

 (somebody / use / my typewriter).

Ex. 9 2 . Use the right form of the verbs in brackets.

When Nikita finally reached the club, his friends Olga and Oleg were already waiting for him near the entrance. Nikita said he was sorry he was late and asked how long they (be) there. They explained that they (wait) for about thirty minutes and in their turn asked him where he (be). Nikita said he (finish) a pot in his pottery class, and it (take) him a really long time to clean up. Olga was greatly surprised and asked how long he (take) a class in pottery, as he never (mention) it before. Nikita said he (register) some time before as he needed a break from his classes. He never (try) to do anything creative before and he (have) a really good time. He admitted that since he (start) it, he (spend) all his free time in workshop. He also (run) around to antique stores, though he not (go out) much with his friends recently. His friends said they were sure it was just the beginning and soon things (get back) to normal.

Ex. 9 3 . Translate into English.

1. Вона підійшла до дверей, щоб привітати свого адвоката, на якого очікувала.                      2. Нарешті він висловив ідею, яка крутилася в нього в голові останнім часом.             3. Молодий чоловік піднявся зі сходів, на яких сидів, і увійшов до будинку.                 4. Художник уважно розглядав картину, над якою працював вже кілька тижнів.   5. Він непокоївся за свою дружину. Останнім часом вона відвідувала психоаналітика, намагаючись з’ясувати причину своєї депресії. 6. Всі поважали президента фірми. Він керував цією фірмою багато років. 7. Нарешті настав момент, на який він очікував все життя. 8. Вдома чудово пахло. Бабуся з ранку варила полуничне варення. 9. Робітники просили нас ні до чого не притулятися, бо вони щойно покрасили стіни. 10. Коли я увійшов до кімнати, всі замовкли, і я зрозумів, що вони розмовляли про мене. 11. Наш шеф зайшов до офісу і поскаржився, що його собака покуштував доповідь, над якою він працював усі вихідні.

Ex. 9 4 . Explain the difference between the following pairs of sentences.

1. a. When I last went to London, they had renovated the National Portrait Gallery.

   b. When I last went to London, they had been renovating the National Portrait Gallery.

2. a. Although she tried to hide her face, we could see  that Vicky was crying.

    b. Although she tried to apply some make-up, we could see that Vicky had been crying.

3. a. When they got to their dacha, they discovered that  water was leaking through the roof.

b. When they got to their dacha, they discovered that water had been leaking through the roof. There were pools on the floor.

4. a. By the smell in the room and his guilty expression I could tell that Stephen had been smoking.

b. Yesterday he was caught red-handed. When I came in, he was smoking.

5. a. When Denny joined in the conversation, they were  discussing the latest events in the Balkans.

b. Everybody looked unhappy. They had been discussing the Concorde’s crash.

Ex. 9 5. Put the verb into the correct form, the Past Perfect Continuous or the Past Continuous.

Example: Their swimming suits were wet. They had been swimming.

               She was in the swimming pool. She was swimming.

1. The boy was leaning against the tree, out of breath. He ___ (run) very fast.

2. He came into the kitchen. His parents stopped talking. They ___ (talk) about him.

3. She came into the room. Her husband was at the desk. He ___ (write).

4. When the newly weds arrived at the restaurant, their guests ___ (wait) for them.                    They rather hungry because they ___ (wait) for a long time.

5. Julia ___ (stand) at the bus stop for twenty minutes when John drove up and got of the car.

Ex. 96. Put the verb in brackets into the Past indefinite, the Past Continuous and the Past Perfect Continuous.

 1. When I (get) home that evening, my little son (eat) dinner himself for the first time. 2. My sister’s wedding (be) the only thing everybody (talk) at home for the last two weeks. 3. They (go) back to the hotel and up to their suite, where they (expect) the inspector at six-thirty. 4. Presently he (turn) to look at the corner where she (stand).     5. Scarlett, who (fan) herself with a turkey-tall fan, (stop) abruptly. 6. He just (leave) for the airport when I (call). 7. “Who are you thinking of?” he (ask) after he (look) at me for a few seconds. 8. They (stand) in the open front doorway, waiting for her to come in out of the rain. 9. Their daughter (not / say) where she (sleep) and she (have) a curiously looking box in her hands.

Ex. 97. Put the verb in brackets into the Past Indefinite, the Past Continuous, the Past Perfect and the Past Perfect Continuous.

1. Nobody (know) where Smith (go). 2. A girl who (stand) under the beech tree (come) up to us.    3. Mary (speak) to Mr. Boxwell when I (see) her in the corridor this morning. 4. John (park) the car in Fifth Avenue when a young man in black glasses (appear) from nowhere and (stand) before him. 5. He again (come) to the village where he (live) in his childhood. 6. While we (talk), there (come) a loud knock at the door. 7. He (look) into the drawing-room. The old man (sleep) peacefully in the armchair at the fire-place. 8. When their visitor (leave) John and his mother (stand) near the window. 9. When he (dress), he (go) downstairs, (write) a long letter to his parents and another to his sister. 10. She (welcome) her with a bright smile and (turn) back to the offensive dandilions she (fight) with. 11. While she (read) this notice, a middle-aged woman (appear) in the doorway. 12. When he (come) back to the conference room, he (see) that the situation (change). 13. She (sit) at the table only five minutes when a car (come). 14. Their father (be) still silent, even when they (have) coffee. 15. The three (sit) down to the meal that Susan (prepare). 16. He (sit) thinking of his wife whom he (leave) alone in Europe. 17. They (look) over the accounts together and (find) where she (make) her mistake. 18. I (be) surprised at John’s failure because he (be) such a good student previously.

Ex . 9 8. Translate into English.

1. Вона дуже посварилася з моїм чоловіком десять хвилин тому. 2. На старій пані було оксамитова сукня, яка не бачила світу років двадцять. 3. Гості пішли. І тепер вони сиділи одні у вітальні перед каміном. 4. Люди, яких вона зустрічала по дорозі додому, посміхалися їй та питали, як вона провела відпустку. 5. Я гадаю, він показав мені майже тридцять картин. Це був результат шести років, протягом яких він малював. 6. Вона більш не одержувала листів від нього. Він припинив писати за три роки до цього. 7. Я переписав листа до Ельзи, поклав його в конверт і пішов на пошту. Сніг припинився. Коли я повернувся, я попив чаю і сів за рояль. 8. Вона вивчала мистецтво малювання три роки, перш ніж стала працювати у видавництві. Коли я попросив її зробити ілюстрації до моєї книги, вона закінчувала ілюструвати свою першу книгу. 9. Коли я вчора, як завжди, приймала ванну, задзвонив телефон. 10. Перед від’їздом ми зайшли до Місіс Чандлер. Ми не бачили її деякий час, і моя сестра помітила, що вона дуже змінилася. 11. Не встигли вони проїхати і п’яти миль, як їх зупинила поліція. 12. Він подорожував вже два дні, але виглядав свіжим і не почував утоми. 13. Буря втихла, небо прояснилося, і знову засіяло сонце. 14. Містер Меток подивився на свого сина, його погляд потеплішав. 15. Минулим літом я відвідала місця, де провела дитинство. Дерева, які батько посадив, коли я ще була дитиною, зараз стали великими високими деревами.

THE FUTURE TESES

The Future Simple

Ex. 99. Fill in the blanks with shall (not) or will (not).

 1. _ I phone for a taxi for you? 2. What _ you have to drink? 3. Who _ we pass the message to? 4. I _ never let you go. 5. Where _ I place the books? 6. Let’s not talk about it, _ we? 7. Keep your mouth shut, _ you? 8. Let’s get started, _ we? 9. When I retire, I _ have more time for my hobbies and friends. 10. – Drive carefully. – Don’t worry, I _ . 11. The conference _ begin at 10.00 a.m. 12. “I give you a lift to the school? 13. No matter what may happen; we _ always be by your side. 14. _ I be happy, _ I be rich? 15. Where and when _ I see you again? 16. – I hope you _ like my present, darling. – I’m sure I _ . 17. As long as I am head of this company, I _ handle all the business.

Ex. 10 0 . Put the verb in brackets into the Future Indefinite.

1. He (be) here soon. 2. The dress (be) ready tomorrow. 3. They (be) at the station in time for the 10.30 train. 4. I (know) the result in a day. 5. I (be) twenty years old next year. 6. They (remember) you well. 7. When he (come) back? 8. When he comes, I (apologize) to him. 9. I (not see) this beautiful city again. 10. I (recognize) his pictures anywhere.

Ex. 10 1. Put the verb in brackets into the Present Indefinite and the Future Indefinite.

I. a. 1. When he (call) I (give) him a piece of my mind. 2. I (be) at home if you (need) anything.  3. They (be) in the gallery if you (decide) to speak to them. 4. If they (want) your advice, they (get) in touch with you. 5. If you (have) anything to report, put it in writing and send it to me.

b. 1. I (write) you about it when I (have) time. 2. He (wart) until they (send) for him. 3. He (be) all right when this (be) over. 4. I’d like to ask you a few more questions before you (go).

c. 1. I (not know) when they (come) to see us. 2. Ask him if he (stay) for dinner. 3. I (wonder) if we ever (see) each other again. 4. I (be) not sure if they (be) in time. 5. He can’t tell us
when the motor (start).

II. 1. When the weather (get) warmer, I (start) practicing again. 5. “Come in,” she said. “I (see) if he (be) at home.” 3. Come and see me when you (come) up to town and we (talk) everything over. 4. If my friends (come) in, please ask them to wait in the picture gallery.     5. He (want) to know if you (be) free tomorrow morning at 10.00. 6. I (wonder) when they (write) to us. 7. I (be) down at your office at 12 tomorrow. 8. When things (get) a little more settled, we (come) to see you. 9. They can't tell me when they (be) free. 10. Go straight on till you (come) to a fountain at the corner of the street; then turn left and you (find) this shop on your right. 11. When you (come) to the main road remember to stop and look both ways before you (cross). 12. Ask them when they (move) to a new flat. 13. “I want to get to the bottom of the valley.” – “You must be careful when you (go) down because the slope of the hill (be) very slippery.” 14. ^“I (be) glad when I (get) to the top!” 15. He doesn’t say when he (come) back. 16. “Give this message to your teachers as soon as you (come) to school,” said his mother. – “All right,” said the boy running out. – “I (be) sure it (be) still in his pocket when he (get) home tonight,” said his father. 17. If the patient (continue) to improve we (transfer) him to another ward. 18. “I (buy) some pot plants.” – “When you (buy) them?” – “The florist (bring) them. Perhaps he (bring) them in the afternoon.” 19. If you (look) at them, don’t smile.  20. Before we (talk) about it, I’d like to show you something.

Ex. 10 2 . Match the following sentence parts in A with B.

A. 1. Advise him to stop before; 2. You’d better stop before; 3. I wonder if;   4. My heart will be broken if; 5. Don’t touch anything before; 6. You’ll lose your looks if; 7. You’ll feed a man for a day if; 8. You’ll get rid of him at weekend if; 9. I won’t have anything to do with you unless; 10. You’ll have a beauty sleep if; 11. You’ll find the fill as soon as; 12. I will believe you after you; 13. The secretary will remind in case; 14. Ann’s mother doesn’t allow her to wear make-up till;

B. a). mother knows it. b). the police come. c). you apologize. d). you go to bed early. e). you switch on the computer. f). you tell me the truth. g). he gets into trouble. h). you break my heart. i). I lose you. j). you forget about it. k). she is sixteen. 1). you don’t mind your diet. m). you give him a fish, n). you teach him to fish.

Ex. 10 3. Use the right form of the verbs in brackets.

1. If the car (be) out of order again, you (have to) call the service station, but I doubt if they (be able to) serve it very quickly. 2. Nobody (know) what (happen) in ten or twenty years if life (get) tougher and tougher. 3. I wonder if they (turn) to us if any need (arise). 4. My little son (want) to know if there (be) some cartoons on TV on Saturday. If there (be) some, he certainly (watch) them. 5. Everybody (be interested) if the weather (change) for the better next week. 6. I (leave) a message at the office in case the customer (phone). But it’s difficult to say if he (do) it today. 7. He (wonder) if Caroline (change) her mind about going to the party. If that (happen), he’ll be really glad. 8. Nobody can definitely tell us when he (come) back from London. But as soon as he (return), we (get in touch) with him. 9. – If Linda (want) to learn Italian, she (have to) attend a special course. – I wonder if it (cost) her a lot. 10. We (have) the meeting this week, provided no one (object). 11. I (be) always by your side as long as you (promise) to listen to me. 12. Not (speak) to her unless she (speak) to you first.

Ex. 10 4 . Complete the following sentences.

1. I’m going to eat without you if ... . 2. You’ll get some fresh fruit after ... .    3. I’ll be able to afford a holiday in case … . 4. They’ll be able to leave their kids when ... . 5. Your T-shirts won’t shrink if ... . 6. You’ll tan more quickly after ... . 7. Your roses will last longer if ... . 8. Your house plants will die unless ... . 9. Take your umbrella in case ... . 10. You’ll learn the results as soon as … . 11. I must go to the shop before ... . 12. She’ll be pleased when ... . 13. I wonder if ... . 14. Will you be upset if ... ? 15. The young specialist will lose his independence if ... . 16. Nobody knows when … . 17. I’ll buy some new clothes as soon as ... . 18. We shall take some measures before … . 19. Mother doesn’t know whether … . 20. I doubt whether anyone … . 21. We don’t know either if Maxim … .

Ex. 10 5 . Put the verbs into the correct form: will / won’t or the Present Simple.

Example: As soon as I see (see) him, I’ll tell (tell) him everything.

1. If they ___ (get) here on time, we can make it.

2. There is a surprise waiting for him when he ___ (get) home.

3. Before you ___ (leave), sir, I ___ (give) you your present back.

4. If you ___ (feel) better this afternoon, we ___ (drive) to the coast.

5. Give him this message when you ___ (see) him.

6. If we ___ (come) in time, we ___ (find) them there.

7. If I ___ (be) lucky. I ___ (get in) without a ticket.

8. ___ (you/be) lonely without me, while I ___ (be) away?

Ex. 10 6 . Make one sentence from two sentences.

Example: They are off soon. You must visit them before that.

           You must visit them before they are off.

 1. I’m going to finish my work. Then I’ll go to the cinema.

           _____ when _____ .

 2. He’ll spend a week in Brussels. Then he’ll go to England.

          _____ before _____ .

 3 He’ll come to London in April. He can stay with us.

          _____ when _____ .

 4. It’s going to be dark soon. Let’s leave before that.

         _____ before _____.

Ex. 10 7 . Put in when or if.

Example: If it rains in the morning, we won’t go swimming.

1. I’m going to England next week. ___ I’m there, I hope to visit a few museums.       2. Frank might return this evening. ___ he does, can you cook him some meal? 3. I think he’ll pass his exam. I’ll be very surprised ___ he doesn’t pass it. 4. I hope to be on time. But ___ I don’t make it, go without me.5. I’m going shopping. ___ you want anything, I can get it for you. 6. I don’t feel well tonight. I think I’ll go straight to bed ___ I get home. 7. I’m leaving for Canada tomorrow. I’ll write to you ___ I get there. 8. I want you to come to the party but ___ you don’t want to come, you needn’t.

Ex. 10 8 . Translate into English.

А. 1. Вони не почнуть нараду, поки не прийде головний інженер. 2. Якщо ви зустрінете їх, попросить їх зателефонувати нам. 3. Ви відразу впізнаєте Джемму, як тільки побачите її. 4. Цікаво, коли вони повернуться. 5. Не переходьте вулицю, доки не засвітиться зелене світло. 6. Як тільки він приїде, він зателефонує вам.    7. Він буде дуже щасливий, коли ти приїдеш до Нью-Йорка. 8. Якщо вип’єте цієї води, ви захворієте. 9. Я не можу сказати вам, коли вони повернуться. 10. Якщо ви зараз не візьмете таксі, ви запізнитеся на літак. 11. Коли захочете побачити мене, телефонуйте! 12. Ви не будете добре знати англійську мову, доки не почнете наполегливо працювати. 13. Я зайду до вас перед від’їздом. 14. Коли прийде зима, я поїду до Індії. 15. Я не знаю, коли знову побачуся з ним.

В. 1. Їй цікаво, чи будуть цвісти ці квіти добре, якщо вона посадить їх у тінистому місці. 2. Ніхто не може сказати мені напевно, чи буде лікар сьогодні працювати. Якщо буде, мені доведеться піти на прийом. 3. – Якщо Петро кине палити та пити, це піде йому на користь. – Цікаво, чи справиться він з цим. 4. – Він не одержить цю роботу, якщо не матиме рекомендацій. – Хотілось би знати, зможе він дістати їх вчасно. 5. Якщо я зроблю невірний крок, мені треба буде відповідати за це. 6. – Вона розлютується, якщо дізнається правду. – Я сумніваюся, що вона дізнається. 7. Якщо я буду в Нью-Йорку в травні, ми обов’язково зустрінемося. Але я не знаю напевно, чи одержу я візу вчасно. 8. Все ще неясно, чи погодиться Василь із цією роботою. Якщо тільки не знайде щось краще. 9. Без твоєї посмішки сонечко не буде сяяти, а якщо сонце не буде сяяти, люди не будуть щасливі. А якщо людина не буде щаслива, світ буде нудним та бездушним.

Ex. 1 09 . Comment on the use of the tenses in the following sentences.

1. We’ll do that оnсе you’ve made your final decision. 2. Charles can take the luggage to the apartment, after he’s dropped us off. 3. Once the waiter has disappeared, we’ll discuss this problem. 4. Next week is a bit tough for me. I’m due in Paris soon, in case you’ve forgotten. 5. As soon as you have seen her, come and tell me. 6. I’ll write to you after I have spoken to Frederick. 7. After Roger has written this book, he’s having a holiday. 8. You can go when you’ve typed these letters. 9. I won’t take any decision before I have received the fax from the head office.

Ex. 1 1 0 . Translate into English.

1. Ми повіримо тобі, шановний, тільки після того, як ти розкажеш правду, якою б вона не була. 2. Вони зв’яжуться з нами після того, як одержать останні дані.     3. Я розповім тобі все, доки хтось інший не зробив цього. 4. Ви можете сісти за стіл, діти, тільки після того, як помиєте руки. І ви зможете піти гуляти тільки після того, як з’їсте кашу. 5. Повідом нам, як тільки дізнаєшся про результати іспитів.   6. Мама все зрозуміє з твого обличчя раніше, ніж ти відкриєш рота. 7. Вони закінчать ремонт раніше, ніж прийде зима. 8. Ми повинні накрити стіл до того, як прийдуть гості. 9. Раніше ніж ви усвідомите це, ваші діти вже повиростають. 10. Нам краще знайти місця раніше, ніж почнеться вистава. 11. Коли зустрінеш Алекса, перекажи йому, що він все ще винен мені гроші. Ще перекажи йому, що я цікавлюсь, коли ж він їх поверне.12. Ніхто не може пророкувати, коли і де цей чоловік з’явиться. Але, як тільки він з’являється, усі починають працювати з подвійною енергією (twice as hard).

The Future Progressive

Ex. 1 1 1 . Read and translate the sentences. Comment on the use of the Future Progressive.

1. You’ll have to add another cup and saucer on the tray, Parky. A friend of Mrs. Keswick’s has just arrived. She’ll be having tea with us. 2. I’d better get you home, Theodora darling. Your aunt will be worrying and wondering where you are.            3. Goodbye. You won’t be seeing me for a long time. 4. – Why must I take a bookand a packed lunch? – You’ll be sitting on the train for hours. 5. While you are slicing the cheese, I’ll be buttering the bread. 6. We’ll be arriving at Miami airport at exactly this time tomorrow morning. Next Sunday, the Prime Minister will bе celebrating ten years in power. 8. Whenever I think of you, I will be remembering the shadow of your smile. 9. And you, Edwin, will be doing me a great service if you get me the smelling salts from my bedroom. 10. Will you be wearing your new earrings tonight? 11. Mind, I shall be keeping a very careful eye on you from now on! 12. She’ll be soon coming round the mountains! (about the first train). 13. In the next few minutes we shall be crossing the Belgian border.

Ex. 112. Answer the questions in the Future Continuous Tense, using the given suggestions. Example: What will he be doing tomorrow afternoon ? (drive to the seaside) He will be driving to the seaside.

1. What will she be doing on Sunday? (make a dress)

2. What will you be doing at this time next week? (swim in the Black Sea)

3. What will grandfather be doing when we arrive? (work in the garden)

4. What will he be doing at the University for five years? (study law)

5. What will they be doing at this time tomorrow? (fly to Kiev)

6. What will she be doing at the concert tonight? (sing Ukrainian folk-songs)

7. What will he be doing at this time the day after tomorrow? (interview a foreign delegation)

8. What will she be doing next term? (lecture at the Institute of Foreign Languages)

Ex. 11 3 . Extend the statements in the Future Continuous Tense, using the words in brackets.

Example: Don’t call for me at six. (have a bath)

             Don’t call for me at six, I shall be having a bath.

1. Don’t ring them up at seven in the morning. (sleep)

2. Don’t send us any letters in June. (travel)

3. Don’t call on us tonight. (pack)

4. Don’t come to see her after lunch. (type)

5. Don’t leave the child alone. (cry)

6. Don’t tell Granny about it.(grumble)

7. Don’t expect him to come next Saturday. (work)

8. Don’t wait for Maggie tomorrow. (keep to her room)

Ex. 11 4 . Put the verb in brackets into the Present Indefinite, the Future Indefinite
and the Future Continuous.

1. When I (get) home, my animals (sit) at the door waiting for me. 2. It (be) the middle of June. They (come) soon. 3. If you (want) to see us, come to Tom’s on Sunday. We (wait) for you there at midday. 4. At this time next week they (board) the plane to London. 5. They (have) English from nine to ten in this room. 6. I (wait) for you when you (come). 7. “I (call) for her at eight.” – “No, don’t; she still (sleep).” 8. They are so angry. A few more words and they (quarrel) again.

Ex. 11 5 . Open the brackets. Use the Future Indefinite if the action is permanent,  repeated or it is a one-time action. Use the Future Continuous to show that the action is a temporary one, taking place at a given moment in the future.

1. You (know) her. She (stand) at the news stand. She (wear) a scarlet rain coat. 2. I (tell) her everything and I (show) her the papers. I promise you she (not/smile) this time. 3. There (not/be) anyone in when we (come). The secretary (have) lunch. 4. It (rain) when we (get) there. 5. Go straight up the street. The car (wait) for you at the entrance to the department store. 6. We are much too early. There (be) no one there. 7. Of course, I (be) still here when you (return). I (mark) the papers. 8. Come and speak to me about it in your lunch hour. I (type) your stuff. 9. I don’t think she (be) there at that time. She (sketch) somewhere along the coast. 10. No one (see) us come. They (have) tea on the terrace. 11. At this time she (do) her shopping. 12. When you (come) to Athens I (cross) the border.

Ex . 11 6. Translate into English.

1. Ми не повинні запізнюватися. Вони будуть непокоїтися. 2. Ми сьогодні йдемо до кінотеатру. Ви будете сидіти поряд зі мною. 3. Ми повинні повернутися о десятій. Мамо буде чекати на нас. 4. – Ви пообідаєте зі мною в понеділок? – Я б залюбки, але, нажаль, у цей час я буду складати іспит. 5. – Що вони будуть робити, коли ми приїдемо додому? – Я думаю, вони будуть читати. 6. – Я не дуже добре почуваю себе, щоб їхати до аеропорту і зустрічати Еліс. – Я зустріну її. Скажіть тільки, як я її впізнаю? – На ній буде яскраво-жовтий костюм. 7. Цікаво, що ми будемо робити через рік і чи будемо зустрічатися один з одним. 8. – Мій син наступного року буде в дев’ятому класі. – Отже, моя мама буде викладати йому англійську мову. 9. Не кажіть їй про це, за хвилину вона буде плакати.        10. – Що ви будете робити в цей час наступної суботи? – Як завжди, буду працювати в саду.

Ex. 11 7 . Read, translate and learn the song in italics type.

Now, in the hall floated the familiar voice of Vera Lynn, singing one of the most popular and sentimental songs of the war years. The lights were very dim in the room, and on the dance floor the atmosphere was highly conducive to romance, and perfect for young lovers caught up in the fears and dangers and tensions of war. Mark took Teddy in his arms and they moved slowly around the room to the music, holding each other tightly, Teddy sang softly, in a low voice that only Mark could hear: “ ‘I’ll be seeing you in all the old familiar places that my mind and heart embraces all day through. In that small cafe, the park across the way, the children’s carousel, the chestnut trees, the wishing well. I’ll be seeing you in every lovely summer’s day, in everything that’s light and gay, I’ll always think of you that way, I’ll find you in the morning sun, and when the night is new, I’ll be looking at the moon, but I’ll be seeing you.’ ”

                                                                                                         (after B. Bradford)

Ex. 11 8 . Translate into English.

1. У своїй наступній лекції вчений буде говорити про надприродні явища в цій галузі. 2. Не хвилюйся, Ганна допоможе нам організувати вечірку. 3. – Не уявляю, що будуть казати люди після цього випадку. – Будуть розпускати плітки, а потім знайдуть іншу тему для розмов. 4. Нас не буде вдома в липні. Ми будемо гостювати в родичів у Чернігові. 5. – Цікаво, як вона буде реагувати на цю новину: буде вона сміятися, чи плакати, буде вона сердитися, чи радіти. – Поживемо, побачимо. 6. Хотіла б я знати, чим буде займатися мій брат, поки нас не буде вдома. Боюся, що цілими днями він буде лежати на канапі і дивитися бойовики по телевізору. 7. Не хвилюйся, я не забуду тебе. Я буду думати про тебе і вдень і вночі. А ти будеш згадувати про мене? 8. Ірен не зможе приєднатися до нас сьогодні ввечорі. Вона буде сидіти з сусідськими дітьми. 9. Ти будеш працювати за комп’ютером весь день? Він мені теж потрібен. 10. Ти не будеш проходити повз аптеку? Мені потрібні ліки. 11. Якщо ти покинеш мене, все одне я буду сподіватися, я буду берегти тебе (hold) у своєму серці.

Ex. 1 19 . Read the text and translate it. Comment on the ways of expressing future actions.

It’s struck me several times lately that perhaps I should write down my stories and draw pictures to illustrate them. Perhaps I will, but only for Jamie and Lissa. This idea suddenly took hold of me. What a wonderful surprise it would be for the twins if I created a picture book for each of them, and put the books in their Christmas stockings. I groaned inside; how ridiculous to be thinking of Christmas on this hot summer’s day. But the summer will soon be drawing to an end; it always does disappear very quickly after July Fourth weekend. Then Thanksgiving will be upon us before I can blink, with Christmas not far behind.

This year we are planning to spend Christmas in England. We will be staying with Diana at her house in the Yorkshire dales. Andrew and I are really looking forward to it, and the children are excited. They are hoping it will snow so that they can go sledging with their father. He’s promised to take them on the runs he favored when he was a child; and he is planning to teach them to skate, providing Diana’s pond has frozen solid.

The Future Perfect Tense

Ex. 12 0 . Read and translate the sentences. Comment on the use of the Future Perfect.

1. By the time my parents get back home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom. 2. The tourists hope that the tornado will have finished before they arrive in California. 3. Next month I will have known Rick for twenty years. 4. By the time you start writing your test I will have finished mine. 5. When you drop in at my place, I will have painted the door. 6. Will you have arranged everything by tomorrow?

Ex. 12 1 . Put the verb in brackets into the Future Perfect

1. I (translate) this letter by 6 o’clock this afternoon. 2. I (make) this doll by her birthday. 3. He (not / learn) his lesson by tomorrow, if he has not yet begun to study it.    4. This work is so arduous, that I (not / complete) it in a year’s time. 5. After you finish this book, you (learn) over a thousand words. 6. By the end of the month the commission (come) to some decision. 7. If she returns after July 1, I won’t see her since I already (go) to the South by the time.

Ex. 12 2 . Answer the questions in the Future Perfect Tense, using the words in brackets.

Example:Will you still be busy if I call you at six? (finish)    

Oh, no, we will have finishedby that time.

1. Will they still be staying at the hotel tomorrow? (move to their new house)

2. Will you be discussing the plan at 2 o’clock? (make a decision)

3. Will your students be writing a test at ten in the morning? (finish)

4. Will your brother still be a student next autumn? (graduate)

5. Will you still remember me in five years? (forget)

6. Will he be at home on Saturday? (leave for Scotland)

7. Will she be expecting your can tomorrow morning? (receive my letter)

8. Will you be having a lesson when I come home? (go to the swimming-pool)

Ex. 12 3 . Put the verb in brackets into the Present Indefinite, the Future Indefinite and the Future Perfect.

1. He (be) here for two hours by the time you (come) back. 2. “It (be) very late.” – “They (be) back soon.” 3. “There (be) no planes tonight.” – “Never mind, I (go) by train.” 4. You (be) angry if I (talk) to you about it? 5. By the time you (finish) cooking they (do) their work. 6. “I (be) afraid, my train (leave) by that time.” – “(not/worry), I (drive) you home.” 7. I hope it (stop) snowing by tomorrow morning. 8. If you (think) it over you (see) I am right. 9. If you (not/take) a taxi, you (be) late. By the time you (get) to the theatre the first act (be) over and you (miss) the most interesting dialogues.

Ex. 12 4 . Translate into English.

1. До завтрашнього ранку я закінчу свій звіт. 2. Ми зробимо цю роботу до третьої години, а потім підемо гуляти парком. 3. До 20-го червня ми складемо всі іспити. 4. Будівники збудують школу до 1-го вересня. 5. Я напишу цього листа до того часу, як прийде секретар. 6. Потяг вже поїде до того часу, як ми прийдемо на станцію. 7. Я зроблю переклад цієї статті на понеділок. 

Ex. 12 5 . Translate into English using the proper forms of the verbs.

      Example: – Твої друзі будуть у Англії, коли ти приїдеш туди влітку?                                                         – Я  впевнений, що вони вже повернуться з Південної Африці.

                       – Will your friends be in England when you come there in summer?

                 – I’m sure, they will have already returned from South Africa.

1. – Ти будеш готуватися до іспиту у суботу?   – Я впевнений, що вже складу його.

2. – Ти будеш ще готувати обід завтра о 12-й?    –  Я впевнений, що до того часу я    

                                                                                  вже закінчу.

3. – Ти допоможеш бабусі шукати окуляри,   – Я впевнений, що вона їх вже знайде

  коли повернешся?

4. – Ти побачишся з Еммі в Атланті, коли я   – Я впевнений, що вона вже приїде.

  повернуся?

5. – Кіт буде вдома, коли я подзвоню о 8-й?        – Я впевнений, що він вже прийде.

6. – Вони будуть обідати о 6-й завтра?     – Я впевнений, що вони вже пообідають

                                                                              до того часу.

7. – Ти ще будеш ремонтувати свою      – Я впевнений, що я вже відремонтую її.

  машину, якщо я зайду за тобою о 5-й?

Ex. 12 6 . Translate into English using the proper forms of the verbs.

1. Завтра місіс Коллінз відвідає школу свого сина Ніка. Коли вона прийде туди о другій годині, він буде грати в ігри, але це неважливо, тому що спершу вона піде до його вчителя. До того часу, як вони закінчать розмову, урок закінчиться і Нік буде готовий йти з мамою додому. Через дві години Нік зробить домашнє завдання і буде вільний. Коли я прийду до них, Нік буде обідати з батьками. Після обіду ми будемо грати в комп’ютерні ігри. До того часу, коли ми кинемо грати, місіс Коллінз приготує для нас каву. Ми будемо сидіти у вітальні і пити гарячу каву. Потім я відправлюся додому.

 2. Після того, як брат мого товариша закінчить академію, він стане гарним вчителем і діти будуть його любити. Зараз він наполегливо працює, тому що знає, час минає швидко, і може статися, що в нього не буде часу все ґрунтовно повторити. Вчора ми працювали разом, і я допомагав йому з дипломною роботою. Завтра він буде працювати весь день, а ввечорі ми підемо до басейну, бо, я гадаю, до того часу він закінчить усю роботу.

Ex. 12 7 . Translate into English.

1. Чи вирішиш ти всі свої проблеми до нашої наступної зустрічі? 2. До кінця року ціни на пальне знову зростуть. 3. У мене коротка стрижка, але до літа волосся відросте. 4. Садівник підстриже кущі та дерева, розчистить доріжки, спалить облетіле листя до приходу зими. 5. Не турбуйся, сукню зшиють до випускного вечора. 6. До того часу, як ти доберешся додому, піцца вже буде готова. 7. Я сподіваюся, що напишу дипломну роботу до кінця навчального року.                     8. Програміст закінчить нову програму до визначеного терміну. 9. Викладач обіцяє, що перевірить наші контрольні роботи на наступне заняття.

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