I wonder/I'd like to know/Do you know?/Have you any idea?/Can you tell me? 5 страница
28 What time was it necessary for you to leave home?
29 I brought my passport but I wasn't required to show it to anyone.
30 I missed one day of the exam. Will it be necessary for me to take the whole exam again?
31 Is it really necessary for you to practise the violin at 3 a.m.?
32 Everything was done for me. It wasn't necessary for me to do anything.
33 Are French children obliged to go to school on Saturdays?
34 I was late for the opera. ~
Was it necessary for you to wait till the end of the first act before finding your seat?
35 He repaired my old watch so it wasn't necessary for me to buy a new one after all.
36 Were you required to make a speech?
must, can't and needn't with the perfect infinitive
PEG 152, 156, 159
must + perfect infinitive is used for affirmative deductions.
can't/couldn't + infinitive is used for negative deductions.
needn't + perfect infinitive is used for a past action which was unnecessary but was performed.
Fill the spaces in the following sentences by using one of these forms + the perfect infinitive of the verbs in brackets.
1 Did you hear me come in last night? ~
No, I . . . (be) asleep.
2 I wonder who broke the wineglass; it . . . (be) the cat for she was out all day.
3 You . . . (help) him. ( You helped him but he didn 't need help.)
4 I had my umbrella when I came out but I haven't got it now. ~
You . . . (leave) it on the bus.
5 He . . . (escape) by this window because it is barred.
6 I . . . (give) Ј10. Ј5 would have been enough.
7 I saw a rattlesnake near the river yesterday. ~
You . . . (see) a rattlesnake. There aren't any rattlesnakes in this country.
8 He is back already. ~
He . . . (start) very early.
9 He returned home with a tiger cub. ~
His wife (be) very pleased about that.
10 I bought two bottles of milk. ~
You . . . (buy) milk; we have heaps in the house.
11 I phoned you at nine this morning but got no answer. ~
I'm sorry. I . . . (be) in the garden.
12 I left my bicycle here and now it's gone. ~
Someone . . . (borrow) it.
13 When she woke up her watch had vanished. ~
Someone . . . (steal) it while she slept.
14 I've opened another bottle. ~
You . . . (do) that. We've only just started this one.
15 The machine said, 'You weigh 65 kilos,' and I said, Thank you.' ~
You . . . (say) anything.
16 I told him to turn left and he immediately turned right! ~
He . . . (understand) you.
17 Perhaps he swam across. ~
No, he . . . (do) that; he can't swim.
18 Do you remember reading about it in the newspapers? ~
No, I . . . (be) abroad at the time.
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19 He . . . (walk) from here to London in two hours. It isn't possible.
20 He was very sick last night. ~
The meat we had for supper . . . (be) good.
21 There was a dock strike and the liner couldn't leave port. ~
The passengers . . . (be) furious.
22 We went to a restaurant and had a very good dinner for Ј3. ~
You . . . (have) a very good dinner if you only paid Ј3.
23 I have just watered the roses. ~
You . . . (water) them. Look, it's raining now!
24 That carpet was made entirely by hand. ~
It . . . (take) a long time.
25 The door was open. ~
It . . . (be) open. I had locked it myself and the key was in my pocket.
26 He said that he watered the plants every day. ~
He . . . (water) them. If he had they wouldn't have died.
27 He came out of the water with little red spots all over his back. ~
He . . . (be) stung by a jelly-fish.
28 We've sent for a doctor. ~
You . . . (send) for him. I am perfectly well.
29 I've made two copies. ~
You . . . (make) two. One would have been enough.
30 There was a terrible crash at 3 a.m. ~
That . . . (be) Tom coming in from his party.
31 I had to get down the mountain in a thick fog. ~
That . . . (be) very difficult.
32 I saw Ann in the library yesterday. ~
You . . . (see) her; she is still abroad.
33 How did he get out of the house? He . . . (come) down the stairs for
they were blazing.
34 You . . . (lend) him your map. He has one of his own.
35 I spoke in English, very slowly. ~
You . . . (speak) slowly. He speaks English very fluently.
36 He was found unconscious at the foot of the cliff. He . . . (fall) 200 metres.
Present and past tenses
The simple present tense
PEG 172
Read the following in the third person singular. Do not change the object if it is plural. Note that after certain consonants a final es is pronounced as a separate syllable.
See PEG 12 B: kiss, kisses /kis, kisiz/.
1 They wish to speak to you. (He)
2 Buses pass my house every hour.
3 They help their father. (He)
4 We change planes at Heathrow.
5 You watch too much TV. (He)
6 They worry too much. (He)
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7 I cash a cheque every month. (He)
8 I always carry an umbrella. (She)
9 They wash the floor every week. (She)
10 His sons go to the local school.
11 These hens lay brown eggs.
12 Rubber balls bounce.
13 These figures astonish me.
14 Do you like boiled eggs? (he)
15 These seats cost Ј10.
16 They fish in the lake. (He)
17 Elephants never forget.
18 They usually catch the 8.10 bus.
19 They sometimes miss the bus.
20 I mix the ingredients together.
21 The rivers freeze in winter.
22 They fly from London to Edinburgh.
23 The carpets match the curtains.
24 They realize the danger.
25 I use a computer.
26 What do they do on their days off? ~
They do nothing. They lie in bed all day.
27 The boys hurry home after school.
28 They push the door open.
29 They kiss their mother.
30 They box in the gymnasium.
31 They dress well.
32 Your children rely on you.
33 They snatch ladies' handbags.
34 You fry everything.
35 The taxes rise every year.
36 They do exercises every morning.
The simple present tense
PEG 172
Read the following (a) in the negative (b) in the interrogative.
In Nos. 2 and 14, have is used as an ordinary verb and should be treated as one.
1 You know the answer.
2 He has breakfast at 8.00.
3 He loves her.
4 Some schoolgirls wear uniforms.
5 He trusts you.
6 He tries hard.
7 The park closes at dusk.
8 He misses his mother.
9 The children like sweets.
10 He finishes work at 6.00.
11 He lives beside the sea.
12 He bullies his sisters.
13 This stove heats the water.
14 She has a cooked breakfast.
15 She carries a sleeping bag.
16 He usually believes you.
17 She dances in competitions.
18 You remember the address.
19 She plays chess very well.
20 He worries about her.
21 These thieves work at night.
22 He leaves home at 8.00 every day.
23 Ann arranges everything.
24 She agrees with you.
25 Their dogs bark all night.
26 Their neighbours often complain.
27 Tom enjoys driving at night.
28 He engages new staff every Spring.
29 Tom looks very well.
30 They sell fresh grape juice here.
31 He charges more than other photographers.
32 She cuts her husband's hair.
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33 They pick the apples in October.
34 The last train leaves at midnight.
35 He relaxes at weekends.
36 She refuses to discuss it.
The present continuous tense
PEG 164-7
Put the verbs in brackets into the present continuous tense. In No. 25, have is used as
an ordinary verb and can therefore be used in the continuous tense.
1 She (not work), she (swim) in the river.
2 He (teach) his boy to ride.
3 Why Ann (not wear) her new dress?
4 The airplane (fly) at 2,000 metres.
5 What Tom (do) now? He (clean) his shoes.
6 This fire (go) out. Somebody (bring) more coal?
7 It (rain)?~
Yes, it (rain) very hard. You can't go out yet.
8 Why you (mend) that old shirt?
9 You (not tell) the truth. ~
How do you know that I (not tell) the truth?
10 Who (move) the furniture about upstairs? ~
It's Tom. He (paint) the front bedroom.
11 Mrs Jones (sweep) the steps outside her house.
12 What you (read) now? I (read) Crime and Punishment.
13 It is a lovely day. The sun (shine) and the birds (sing).
14 Someone (knock) at the door. Shall I answer it? ~
I (come) in a minute. I just (wash) my hands.
15 She always (ring) up and (ask) questions.
16 Why you (make) a cake? Someone (come) to tea?
17 Where is Tom? ~
He (lie) under the car.
18 Can I borrow your pen or you (use) it at the moment?
19 You (do) anything this evening? ~
No, I'm not. -
Well, I (go) to the cinema. Would you like to come with me?
20 We (have) breakfast at 8.00 tomorrow as Tom (catch) an early train.
21 Ann usually does the shopping, but I (do) it today as she isn't well.
22 Why you (type) so fast? You (make) a lot of mistakes.
23 Mother (rest) now. She always rests after lunch.
24 They (dig) an enormous hole just outside my gate. ~
What they (do) that for? ~
I don't know. Perhaps they (look) for oil.
25 What (make) that terrible noise? ~
It's the pneumatic drill. They (repair) the road.
26 The children are very quiet. Go and see what they (do). -
They (cut) up some Ј5 notes.
27 What you (wait) for?-
I (wait) for my change; the boy just (get) it.
28 I can't hear what you (say); the traffic (make) too much noise.
29 She always (lose) her glasses and (ask) me to look for them.
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30 Mother: What you (look) at? Something (happen) in the street?
31 Child: Yes. The house opposite is on fire! Come and look.
Mother: I can't. I (bath) the babies. Is the Fire Brigade here?
32 Child: Yes. Fire engines (rush) up and the firemen (jump) out and (unroll) their hoses.
33 Smoke (pour) from the windows! People (stop) to watch.
A policeman (try) to move them on.
34 An old man (climb) out of a first floor window!
A fireman (help) him! Two boys (slide) down a rope!
35 A woman (wave) from the attic and a fireman (go) up a ladder to help her!
36 Now he (come) down again! He (carry) a baby! The crowd (cheer!
31.The simple present and the present continuous
PEG 164-74
Put the verbs in brackets into the simple present or the present continuous tense.
1 Cuckoos (not build) nests. They (use) the nests of other birds.
2 You can't see Tom now: he (have) a bath.
3 He usually (drink) coffee but today he (drink) tea.
4 What she (do) in the evenings? ~
She usually (play) cards or (watch) TV.
5 I won't go out now as it (rain) and I -(not have) an umbrella.
6 The last train (leave) the station at 11.30.
7 He usually (speak) so quickly that I (not understand) him.
8 Ann (make) a dress for herself at the moment. She (make) all her
own clothes.
9 Hardly anyone (wear) a hat nowadays.
10 I'm afraid I've broken one of your coffee cups. —
Don't worry. I (not like) that set anyway.
11 I (wear) my sunglasses today because the sun is very strong.
12 Tom can't have the newspaper now because his aunt (read) it.
13 I'm busy at the moment. I (redecorate) the sitting room.
14 The kettle (boil) now. Shall I make the tea?
15 You (enjoy) yourself or would you like to leave now? -
I (enjoy) myself very much. I (want) to stay to the end.
16 How you (get) to work as a rule? ~
I usually (go) by bus but tomorrow I (go) in Tom's car.
17 Why you (put) on your coat? ~
I (go) for a walk. You (come) with me?-
Yes, I'd love to come. You (mind) if I bring my dog?
18 How much you (owe) him?-
I (owe) him Ј5. ~
You (intend) to pay him?
19 You (belong) to your local library? -
Yes, I do. -
You (read) a lot?-
Yes, quite a lot. -
How often you (change) your books? —
I (change) one every day.
20 Mary usually (learn) languages very quickly but she (not seem) able
to learn modern Greek.
21 I always (buy) lottery tickets but I never (win) anything.
22 You (like) this necklace? I (give) it to my daughter for her birthday
tomorrow.
23 I won't tell you my secret unless you (promise) not to tell anyone. -
I (promise).
24 You always (write) with your left hand?
25 You (love) him?-
No, I (like) him very much but I (not love) him.
26 You (dream) at night?-
Yes, I always (dream) and if I (eat) too much supper I (have)
nightmares.
27 The milk (smell) sour. You (keep) milk a long time?
28 These workmen are never satisfied; they always (complain).
29 We (use) this room today because the window in the other room is
broken.
30 He always (say) that he will mend the window but he never (do) it.
31 You (know) why an apple (fall) down and not up?
32 You (write) to him tonight? -
Yes, I always (write) to him on his birthday. You (want) to send any
message?
33 Tom and Mr Pitt (have) a long conversation. I (wonder) what they
(talk) about.
34 You (believe) all that the newspapers say?-
No, I (not believe) any of it. ~
Then why you (read) newspapers?
35 This car (make) a very strange noise. You (think) it is all right?-
Oh, that noise (not matter). It always (make) a noise like that.
36 The fire (smoke) horribly. I can't see across the room. -
I (expect) that birds (build) a nest in the chimney. -
Why you (not put) wire across the tops of your chimneys? -
Tom (do) that sometimes but it (not seem) to make any difference.
32 The simple present and the present continuous
PEG 164-74
Put the verbs in brackets into the simple present or present continuous tense.
1 What Tom (think) of the Budget? -
He (think) it most unfair. ~
I (agree) with him.
2 What this one (cost)?-
It (cost) forty pence.
3 You (hear) the wind? It (blow) very strongly tonight.
4 You (see) my car keys anywhere? -
No, I (look) for them but I (not see) them.
5 He never (listen) to what you say. He always (think) about something else.
6 This book is about a man who (desert) his family and (go) to live on a Pacific island.
7 You (understand) what the lecturer is saying? ~
No, I (not understand) him at all.
8 What you (have) for breakfast usually? ~
I usually (eat) a carrot and (drink) a glass of cold water.
9 When the curtain (rise) we (see) a group of workers. They (picket) factory gate.
10 Why you (walk) so fast today? You usually (walk) quite slowly. ~
I (hurry) because I (meet) my mother at 4 o'clock and she (not like) to be kept waiting.
11 I (wish) that dog would lie down. He (keep) jumping up on my lap. ~
I (think) he (want) to go for a walk.
12 You (recognize) that man? ~
I (think) that I have seen him before but I (not remember) his name
13 Look at that crowd. I (wonder) what they (wait) for.
14 This message has just arrived and the man (wait) in case you (want) to send a reply.
15 Stop! You (not see) the notice? ~
I (see) it but I can't read it because I (not wear) my glasses. What it (say)? ~
It (say) 'These premises are patrolled by guard dogs'.
16 She always (borrow) from me and she never (remember) to pay me back.
17 You (need) another blanket or you (feel) warm enough?
18 It (save) time if you (take) the path through the wood? ~
No, it (not matter) which path you take.
19 I (save) up because I (go) abroad in July.
20 I (think) it is a pity you don't take more exercise. You (get) fat.
21 The plane that you (look) at now just (take) off for Paris,
22 Tom never (do) any work in the garden; he always (work) on his car.
23 What he (do) to his car now? ~
I (think) he (polish) it.
24 That film (come) to the local cinema next week. You (want) to see it?
25 How Peter (get) on at school? ~
Very well. He (seem) to like the life.
26 Why Mrs Pitt (look) so angry? ~
Mr Pitt (smoke) a cigarette and (drop) the ash on the carpet.
27 This is our itinerary. We (leave) home on the 8th, (arrive) in Paris on the 9th, (spend) the day in Paris, and (set) out that night for Venice. ~
That (sound) most interesting. You must tell me all about it when you (get) back.
28 This story is about a boy who (make) friends with a snake which he (find) in his garden. Then he (go) away but he (not forget) the snake and some years later he (return) and (look) for it.
29 He (find) the snake who (recognize) its old friend and (coil) round him affectionately. But, unfortunately, the snake is by now a full-grown boa-constrictor and its embrace (kill) the poor boy.
30 The snake (feel) sorry about this?-
I (not know). The story (end) there.
31 How you (end) a letter that (begin), 'Dear Sir'? ~
I always (put), 'Yours truly', but Tom (prefer) 'Yours faithfully'.
32 What the word 'catastrophe' (mean)? ~
It (mean) 'disaster'.
33 What you (wait) for?-
I (wait) for the shop to open. -
But it (not open) till 9.00. -
I (know) but I (want) to be early, as their sale (start) today.
34 Why you (smoke) a cigar, Mrs Pitt? You (not smoke) cigars as a rule. ~
I (smoke) it because I (want) the ash. This book (say) that cigar ash mixed with oil
(remove) heat stains from wood.
35 Who (own) this umbrella? ~
I (not know). Everybody (use) it but nobody (know) who (own) it.
36 You (mind) if I (ask) you a question? ~
That (depend) on the question. ~
It (concern) your brother. ~
I (refuse) to answer any question about my brother.
33 The simple past tense
PEG 175-6
Put the verbs in the following sentences into the simple past tense.
1 I go to work by bus.
2 I meet her on Tuesdays.
3 He always wears black.
4 I make cakes every week.
5 She gets up at 6.30.
6 He understands me.
7 He shuts the shop at 6.00.
8 She speaks slowly.
9 He leaves the house at 9.00.
10 I read a chapter every night.
11 You eat too much.
12 I see him every day.
13 Tom sings in the choir.
14 He cries when he is hurt.
15 Who knows the answer?
16 I think I know it.
17 The curtain rises at 8.00.
18 He takes the dog out twice a day.
19 We buy them here.
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