I wonder/I'd like to know/Do you know?/Have you any idea?/Can you tell me? 2 страница
14 Don't tell . . . soul! Not even your wife! ~
Of course not! I'd never tell . . . secret to . . . woman.
15 Most of the staff had been there for only . . . very short time, but . . . man had been there . . . year and . . . half, so he knew . . . little more than the rest.
16 Could you lend me . . . dictionary, please? I'm trying to do . . . crossword puzzle. ~
I'm afraid I've only got . . . dictionary, and Tom's borrowed it.
17 . . . chop won't be enough for Tom; he'll want two; he's . . . small man but he's got . . . big appetite.
18 1 want . . . volunteers for . . . dangerous job,' said the captain.
There was . . . long silence.
'Isn't there even . . . man who will take . . . risk?' he asked.
. . . voice called out from the back, 'Will there be . . . reward?'
19 I have . . . flat on the top floor. You get . . . lovely view from there.
20 . . . day a new director arrived. He was . . . ambitious, bad-tempered man, and the staff took . . . instant dislike to him.
21 Suddenly . . . bullet struck . . . street lamp . . . little to Bill's left. He looked up and saw . . . man with . . . gun standing at . . . open window.
22 Bill fired back twice. . . . bullet hit the wall, the other broke . . . pane of . . . glass. He heard . . . angry shout.
23 . . . day—it was . . . dry day with . . . good visibility—Tom was driving along . . . country road in . . . borrowed car.
24 You're making . . . mistake after another. Have you . . . hangover, or something? ~
No, but I had . . . very bad night last night. The people next door were having . . .
party. ~
. . . bad night shouldn't have such . . . effect on your work. I often have three bad
nights in succession. I live in . . . very noisy street.
Auxiliary Verbs
Auxiliary verbs
PEG 106-7
Auxiliaries here are used both alone and as part of various tenses of ordinary verbs.
Read the following (a) in the negative (b) in the interrogative. These sentences, except for nos. I and 13, could also be used for question tag exercises (see Exercise 13).
Note:
1 may for possibility rarely begins a sentence. Instead we use do you think (that) + present/future or is + subject + likely + infinitive:
Tom may know.
Do you think (that) Tom knows?
Is Tom likely to know?
2 Use needn't as the negative of must.
1 It may cost Ј100.
2 Men should help with the housework.
3 Tom would pay her.
4 They could play the guitar.
5 We're seeing Mary tomorrow.
6 She ought to keep it in the f ridge.
7 You can understand it.
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8 The police were watching the house.
9 You can go with him.
10 They've got a house.
11 Your boss will be angry.
12 Tom should pay the fine.
13 They may come tonight.
14 They were cleaning their shoes.
15 He must write in French.
16 You have read the instructions.
17 These pearls are made by oysters.
18 The ice was thick enough to walk on.
19 This will take a long time.
20 They may (permission) take the car.
21 You've made a mistake.
22 Ann would like a skiing holiday.
23 We must do it at once.
24 Tom could come.
25 They were in a hurry.
26 There is enough salt in it.
27 You could see the sea from the house.
28 Ann will be able to drive you.
29 They had written to him.
30 We must cook it in butter.
31 It is freezing.
32 She ought to accept the offer.
33 There'11 be time for tea.
34 I'm right.
35 He may be at home.
36 He used to live here.
Auxiliaries conjugated with do/does/did
PEG 106-7, 123, 126 (see also Exercise 17)
Some auxiliaries when used in certain ways make their negative and interrogative according to the rule for ordinary verbs, i.e. with do.
Sometimes either form is possible.
Make the sentences (a) negative and (b) interrogative, using do/does/did.
1 They have eggs for breakfast.
2 He needs a new coat.
3 He used to sell fruit.
4 They have to work hard.
5 She does the housework.
6 He needs more money.
7 He had a row with his boss.
8 She had a heart attack.
9 Her hair needed cutting.
10 He does his homework after supper.
11 She has a singing lesson every week.
12 She had to make a speech.
13 He does his best.
14 He has to get up at six every day.
15 The children have dinner at school.
16 She dared him to climb it.
17 You did it on purpose.
18 He has his piano tuned regularly, (see 119)
19 He dares to say that!
20 They had a good time.
21 The drink did him good.
22 My watch needs cleaning.
23 He had an accident.
24 You had your house painted.
25 She used to make her own clothes.
26 You do the exercises.
27 He had difficulty (in) getting a job.
28 He dared to interrupt the president, did he? (Omit final did he?)
Auxiliary verbs
PEG 106-7
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Put the following verbs into the past tense. (Auxiliaries are used both by themselves and
as part of certain forms and tenses of ordinary verbs.)
Use had to as the past tense of must and didn't need as a past tense of needn't.
1 He isn't working hard.
2 She doesn't like cats.
3 I can't say anything.
4 We must read it carefully.
5 He won't help us.
6 He can lift it easily.
7 It isn't far from London.
8 Isn't it too heavy to carry?
9 He needn't pay at once.
10 He hopes that Tom will be there. (He hoped . . .)
11 How much does this cost?
12 He says that Ann may be there. (He said . . :)
13 How old is he?
14 Do you see any difference?
15 I do what I can.
16 How far can you swim?
17 I must change my shoes.
18 Tom dares not complain.
19 I don't dare (to) touch it.
20 Have you time to do it?
21 Are you frightened?
22 Must you pay for it yourself?
23 The letter needn't be typed.
24 We hope that he'll come. (We hoped. . .)
25 He says that she may not be in time. (He said that she . . .)
26 Do you understand what he is saying? I don't.
27 There are accidents every day at these crossroads.
28 She thinks that it may cost Ј100. (She thought that it . . .)
29 Doesn't Mr Pitt know your address?
30 They aren't expecting me, are they?
31 He thinks that the snakes may be dangerous, (see 28)
32 She wants to know if she can borrow the car. (She wanted to know if...)
33 Can't you manage on Ј100 a week?
34 Tom is certain that he will win.
35 Can you read the notice? No, I can't.
36 I don't think that the bull will attack us.
Auxiliary verbs
PEG 108
Answer the following questions (a) in the affirmative (b) in the negative, in each case
repeating the auxiliary and using a pronoun as subject.
Do you need this? ~ Yes, I do/No, I don't.
Can Tom swim? - Yes, he can/No, he can't.
Note also:
Is that Bill? ~ Yes, it is/No, it isn't.
Will there be time? ~ Yes, there will/No, there won't.
Use needn't in 7 and 15. Use must in 26 and 35.
1 Is the water deep?
2 Do you know the way?
3 Can you swim?
4 Does he come every day?
5 Is that Tom over there?
6 Are you Tom's brother?
7 Must you go?
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8 Are you enjoying yourselves?
9 Did he see you?
10 Would Ј10 be enough?
11 May I borrow your car?
12 Is this the front of the queue?
13 Will she be there?
14 Do you play cards?
15 Should I tell the police?
16 Can you cook?
17 Are you ready?
18 Could women join the club?
19 Is your name Pitt?
20 Were they frightened?
21 Will his mother be there?
22 Ought I to get a new one?
23 Should I tell him the truth?
24 Was the driver killed?
25 Have you any money?
26 Need we finish the exercise?
27 Used he to ride in races?
28 Would you like to see him?
29 Is this yours?
30 Do you want it?
31 Can I take it?
32 Will you bring it back tomorrow?
33 Are you free this evening?
34 Am I in your way?
35 Need I wear a tie?
36 Was that Bill on the phone?
Additions to remarks, using auxiliary verbs
PEG 112
Part I Add to the following remarks using (and) so + the noun/pronoun in brackets + the auxiliary. If there is an auxiliary in the first remark repeat this; if not use do/does/did.
He lives in London. (I) He lives in London and so do 1.
He had to wait. (you) He had to wait and so had you.
1 I have read it. (John)
2 He is a writer, (she)
3 Tom can speak Welsh, (his wife)
4 She ought to get up. (you)
5 I should be wearing a seat belt. (you)
6 John will be there. (Tom)
7 The first bus was full. (the second)
8 I bought a ticket, (my brother)
9 You must come. (your son)
10 This bus goes to Piccadilly. (that)
11 I'm getting out at the next stop. (my friend)
12 He used to work in a restaurant. (1)
Part 2 Add to the following remarks using (and) neither/nor + the auxiliary + the noun/pronoun in brackets.
He isn't back. (she) He isn't back and neither is she.
13 I haven't seen it. (Tom)
14 You shouldn't be watching TV. (Tom)
15 You mustn't be late. (1)
16 He can't come. (his sister)
17 I don't believe it. (Ann)
18 Alice couldn't understand. (Andrew)
19 I'm not going, (you)
20 This telephone doesn't work. (that)
21 Tom's car won't start. (mine)
22 I hadn't any change. (the taxi driver)
23 He didn't know the way. (anyone else)
24 My father wouldn't mind. (my mother)
Part 3 Contrary additions.
Add to the following remarks using but + noun/pronoun + the auxiliary or do/does/did. Make a negative addition to an affirmative remark:
She thanked me. (he) She thanked me but he didn't.
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Make an affirmative addition to a negative remark:
She can't eat oysters. (I) She can't eat oysters but I can.
Use needn't as the negative of must, and must as the affirmative of needn't.
25 John was seasick. (Mary)
26 He wasn't there, (she)
27 You must go. (your brother)
28 My sister can speak German. (I)
29 Alexander didn't want to wait. (James)
30 Bill needn't stay. (Stanley)
31 A cat wouldn't eat it. (a dog)
32 He will enjoy it. (his wife)
33 I haven't got a computer, (my neighbour)
34 This beach is safe for bathing, (that beach)
35 I must leave early, (you)
36 You don't have to pay tax. (I)
Agreements and disagreements with remarks, using auxiliary verbs
PEG 109
Part I Agreements with affirmative remarks.
Agree with the following remarks, using yes/so + pronoun + the auxiliary or do/does/did. To express surprise, use Oh, so . . .
He has a good influence on her. - Yes, he has.
1 We must have a large room.
2 I was very rude.
3 She always wears dark glasses.
4 She may be a spy.
5 Tom could tell us where to go.
6 There's a snake in that basket.
7 He needs six bottles.
8 This boat is leaking!
9 His revolver was loaded.
10 This restaurant might be expensive.
11 They used to have a parrot.
12 The fog is getting thicker.
Part 2 Agreements with negative remarks. Agree with the following remarks, using no + pronoun + the auxiliary.
Elephants never forget. ~ No, they don't.
13 Cuckoos don't build nests.
14 He didn't complain.
15 It isn't worth keeping.
16 He can't help coughing.
17 The ice wasn't thick enough.
18 The lift wouldn't come down.
19 This flat hasn't got very thick walls.
20 They don't have earthquakes there.
21 The oranges didn't look very good.
22 It hasn't been a bad summer.
23 I don't look my age.
24 He mightn't like that colour.
Part 3 Disagreements with affirmative or negative remarks. Disagree with
the following remarks, using oh no/but + pronoun + auxiliary. Use a negative auxiliary
if the first verb is affirmative and an affirmative auxiliary if the first verb is negative.
He won't be any use. ~ (Oh) yes, he will.
She worked here for a year. - (Oh) no, she didn't.
25 You're drunk.
26 I didn't do it on purpose.
27 They weren't in your way.
28 I wasn't born then.
29 She'd rather live alone.
30 You gave him my address.
31 I can use your bicycle.
32 That five pound note belongs to me.
33 He didn't mean to be rude.
34 Children get too much pocket money.
35 Exams should be abolished.
36 She promised to obey him.
Question tags after negative statements
peg 110
Add question tags to the following statements.
Bill doesn't know Ann.
Bill doesn't know Ann, does he?
Ann hasn't got a phone.
Ann hasn 't got a phone, has she?
this/that (subject) becomes it in the tag. there remains unchanged:
That isn't Tom, is it?
There won't be time, will there?
All the tags, except the tag for no. 30, should be spoken in the usual way with a
statement intonation. But they could also be practised with a question intonation. The
important word in the statement must then be stressed.
1 You aren't afraid of snakes.
2 Ann isn't at home.
3 You don't know French.
4 Tom didn't see her.
5 This isn't yours.
6 Mary wasn't angry.
7 Bill hasn't had breakfast.
8 You won't tell anyone.
9 I didn't wake you up.
10 Tom doesn't like oysters.
11 You don't want to sell the house.
12 It doesn't hurt.
13 People shouldn't drink and drive.
14 You aren't going alone.
15 They couldn't pay the rent.
16 You don't agree with Bill.
17 There wasn't a lot to do.
18 I needn't say anything.
19 That wasn't Ann on the phone.
20 You didn't do it on purpose.
21 This won't take long.
22 She doesn't believe you.
23 It didn't matter very much.
24 He shouldn't put so much salt in it.
25 Mary couldn't leave the children alone.
26 You aren't doing anything tonight.
27 You wouldn't mind helping me with this.
28 George hadn't been there before.
29 The children weren't surprised.
30 You wouldn't like another drink.
31 Tom doesn't have to go to lectures.
32 Bill hasn't got a car.
33 Bill couldn't have prevented it.
34 I needn't wait any longer.
35 There weren't any mosquitoes.
36 The fire wasn't started deliberately.
Question tags after affirmative statements
Peg110
Add question tags to the following statements:
Tom goes to Bath quite often, doesn 't he?
He told you about his last trip, didn 't he?
It was very cold last night, wasn 't it?
Be careful of the contractions 's and 'd:
He's ready, isn 't he? He's finished, hasn 't he?
He'd seen it, hadn't he? He'd like it, wouldn't he?
These should be practised mainly with a statement intonation, but they could also be said
with a question intonation. See notes to previous exercise.
1 The children can read French.
2 He's ten years old.
3 Bill came on a bicycle.
4 The Smiths have got two cars.
5 Your grandfather was a millionaire.
6 Tom should try again.
7 It could be done.
8 Your brother's here.
9 That's him over there.
10 George can leave his case here.
11 This will fit in your pocket.
12 His wife has headaches quite often.
13 She's got lovely blue eyes.
14 The twins arrived last night.
15 Mary paints portraits.
16 Bill puts the money in the bank.
17 Bill put the money in the bank.
18 Prices keep going up.
19 I've seen you before.
20 Bill's written a novel.
21 His mother's very proud of him.
22 The twins used to play rugby.
23 Tom might be at home now.
24 We must hurry.
25 You'd been there before.
26 You'd like a drink.
27 The boys prefer a cooked breakfast.
28 Mary ought to cook it for them.
29 That was Ann on the phone.
30 The Smiths need two cars.
31 You'll help me.
32 He used to eat raw fish.
33 There'11 be plenty for everyone.
34 You'd better wait for Bill.
35 You'd come if I needed help.
36 You could come at short notice.
Question tags: mixed
PEG 110
See notes to Exercises 12 and 13.
Note that a statement containing words such as none, nobody, hardly/hardly any etc. is treated as a negative statement:
He hardly ever makes a mistake, does he?
When the subject is nobody/anybody/everybody etc., the pronoun they is used in the tag:
Nobody liked the play, did they?
Add question tags to the following statements.
1 You take sugar in tea.
2 But you don't take it in coffee.
3 The lift isn't working today.
4 It never works very well.
5 The area was evacuated at once.
6 There was no panic.
7 Though everybody realized the danger.
8 There was a lot of noise.
9 But nobody complained.
10 Mary hardly ever cooks.
11 She buys convenience foods.
12 She'd save money if she bought fresh food.
13 Mr Smith usually remembered his wife's birthdays.
14 But he didn't remember this one.
15 And his wife was very disappointed.
16 He ought to have made a note of it.
17 Neither of them offered to help you.
18 They don't allow pet dogs in this shop.
19 But guide dogs can come in.
20 He hardly ever leaves the house.
21 That isn't Bill driving.
22 Nothing went wrong.
23 Lions are loose in this reserve.
24 So we'd better get back in the car.
25 It'd be unpleasant to be attacked by a lion.
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