Exercise 1. With a handful of exceptions, compounds created by the addition of a prefix are not hyphenated. Read and translate the following words.
antisocial, binomial, biochemistry, coordinate, counterclockwise, extraordinary, infrastructure, interrelated, intramural, macroeconomics, metaphysical, microeconomics, midtown, minibike, multicultural, neoromantic, nonviolent, overanxious, postwar, preconference, pseudointellectual, reunify, semiconductor, socioeconomic, subpar, supertanker, transatlantic, unnatural, underdeveloped
Exceptions include
compounds in which the second element is capitalized or a number:
anti-Semitic, pre-1998, post-Freudian
compounds which need hyphens to avoid confusion
un-ionized (as distinguished from unionized), co-op
compounds in which a vowel would be repeated (especially to avoid confusion)
co-op, semi-independent, anti-intellectual (but reestablish, reedit)
compounds consisting of more than one word
non-English-speaking, pre-Civil War
compounds that would be difficult to read without a hyphen
pro-life, pro-choice, co-edited
Exercise 2. Read and translate the words. Mind the spelling of these words.
2-year education
one-week vacation
African American
Air Force
all-city tournament
attorney general
blood pressure
blue-green dress
bull's-eye
database
daughter-in-law
English-speaking person
ex-wife
first-rate accommodations
football
grandmother
grant-in-aid
great-aunt half sister
high-level officials
Italian-American
Italian-American club
jack-in-the-box
lifelike
light year
mayor-elect
salesperson
secretary-treasurer
stockbroker
T-square
threefold
up-to-the-minute
V-formation
vice president
well-made clothes
worldwide inflation
X-ray
With a series of nearly identical compounds, we sometimes delay the final term of the final term until the last instance, allowing the hyphen to act as a kind of place holder, as in
· The third- and fourth-grade teachers met with the parents.
· Both full- and part-time employees will get raises this year.
· We don't see many 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children around here.
Exercise 3. Study the most popular compound computer terms. Translate them into Ukrainian.
GUIDELINES ON THE CURRENT TREATMENT OF COMPOUND COMPUTER TERMS
· In the following list, the two-word forms (shown first) are still more common, but the one-word forms are starting to take hold.
file name OR: filename screen saver OR: screensaver
|
|
|
home page OR: homepage spell checker OR: spellchecker
menu bar OR: menubar voice mail OR: voicemail
· In the following list, the one-word forms (shown first) are more common, but the spaced or hyphenated forms are still being used.
barcode OR: bar code logoff (n.) OR: log-off
handheld OR: hand-held BUT: log off (v.)
hardwired OR: hard-wired logon (n.) OR: log-on
offline OR: off-line BUT: log on (v.)
offscreen OR: off-screen touchpad OR: touch pad
online OR: on-line touchscreen OR: touch screen
onscreen OR: on-screen wordwrap OR: word wrap
· c. In the following list, the two-word forms (shown first) are more common, but the hyphenated forms (which follow the standard rules) are also being used.
dot matrix printers OR: dot-matrix printers
local area networks OR: local-area networks
wide area networks OR: wide-area networks
· In the following list, the hyphenated forms (shown first) are more common, but the solid or spaced forms (if given) are used in materials aimed at industry insiders.
dot-com drop-down menu OR: dropdown menu
pop-up window pull-down menu OR: pulldown menu
read-only memory ink-jet printer OR: inkjet printer
|
|
|
write-only files random-access memory OR: random access memory
· The following compound words are solid except in a few special cases.
backup (n. & adj.) lookup (n.) trackball
BUT: back up (v.) BUT: look up (v.) trackpad
Desktop newsgroup uplink (n. & v.)
downlink (n. & v.) newsreader upload (n. & v.)
download (n. & v.) BUT: news server userid (derived from user ID)
keyword palmtop whois (derived from who is)
laptop toolbar workstation
Compound words beginning with Web are usually two words.
Web site Web server BUT: Webmaster
Web page Web browser Webcasting
Web surfer Web directory Webzine
Web index Web clipping Weblog
Web cam Web terminal Webinar
NOTE: The term Web site is still most commonly written as two words with a capital W. However, along with a few other Web compounds, it has started to appear as a solid word without an initial cap (website). In order to maintain a consistent style, it is better to retain the capital W until a majority of these terms (such as the World Wide Web and the Web) lose their initial cap as well.
· Compound words beginning with the prefix e are usually hyphenated.
e-banking e-credit e-tail OR: e-tailing
e-book e-currency e-text
e-business e-dress (an e-mail address) e-wallet
e-cash e-lance BUT: eBay
e-commerce e-learning eDonkey
e-conomy e-money eHarmony
|
|
|
The term e-mail can still be seen as E-mail (the original form of the word) and also as email (without the hyphen), but the hyphenated form is still the one most commonly used. In order to maintain a consistent style, it is better to retain the hyphen in e-mail until many of the other e words start to drop the hyphen as well.
· The prefix i (which refers to the Internet) appears both with and without a hyphen when it is attached to a base word.
iPod i-Lighter
iMac i-Newswire
iTunes i-flex solutions
iPhone i-Safe
iTools BUT: I-80 (here I stands for Interstate)
· The prefix m (which refers to the use of mobile phones) is usually followed by a hyphen when it is attached to a base word.
m-business m-commerce
GRAMMAR REVIEW
Дата добавления: 2018-10-26; просмотров: 383; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!