III. Make a round-table discussion based on the talking points of this section.

KeyWords and Expressions: to have discipline  problems; to keep order (said of teachers); to come to order (said of pupils); to play tru­ant; to mark the register (to take attendance); to cope with difficult students; to maintain  discipline in class; to establish communication; to undermine discipline; a feeling for atmosphere ; to rap one's knuckles on the desk; to impose silence; to send smb. to the head's office, etc.

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UNIT TWO

TEXT TWO

THE ESCAPE

By Somerset Maugham

W. Somerset Maugham, a famous English writer, was born in 1874 in Paris. He received his medical degree, but he never practised medicine; the ambition to write dominated his entire life. In 1897 "Liza of Lambeth", Maugham's first novel, ap­peared . It had no success. For the next ten years Maugham wrote and starved умирал от голода. He turned out выпустил a steady равномерный stream of plays and novels none of which excited much atten­tion. His luck changed in 1907. In that year "Lady Frederic", a comedy of manners, was produced in London. It had a bright, fashionable success. By and by вскоре, Maugham became internationally celebrated; his plays were performed all over the world. Now independent and well able to enjoy life Maugham began to travel. He came to know Europe thoroughly  основательно and spent long periods in the United States, the South Seas and China. His favourite country was Spain ("The Land of the Blessed Virgin" and "Don Fernando"). In 1915 Maugham published a novel that had been in preparation for many years. Called "Of Human Bondage" it was received by critics with great re­spect. Over the years, it has become a modern classic. Many popular successes fol­lowed its publication: "Ashenden", "Moon and Sixpence", "Cakes and Ale", etc. He died in 1965.

I have always been convinced that if a woman Once made up her mind to marry a man nothing but instant flight отступление, побег could save him. Not always that; for once a friend of mine, seeing the inevitable неизбежный loom тень menacingly  угрожающе before him, took ship from a certain port (with a tooth­brush for all his luggage, so conscious  was he of his danger and the necessity for immediate action) and spent a year travelling round the world; but when, thinking himself safe (women are fickle  непостоянны, he said, and in twelve months she will have forgotten all about me), he landed at the selfsame тот же самый port the first person he saw gaily waving to him from the quay  причала was the little lady from whom he had fled спасался бегством. I have only once known a man who in such circumstances managed to extricate  выпутаться him­self. His name was Roger Charing. He was no longer young when he  fell in love with Ruth Barlow and he had had sufficient  достаточный experience to make him careful; but Ruth Barlow had a gift (or should I call it a quality?) that renders приводит most men defenceless безоружный, and it was this that dis­possessed  лишило Roger of his common sense, his prudence  осмотрительности and his worldy wisdom. He went down like побеждён a row of ninepins  кегли.¹ This was the gift of pathos  вызывания жалости. Mrs. Barlow, for she was twice a widow, had splendid dark eyes and they were the most moving I ever saw; they seemed to be

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ever on the point of filling with tears; they suggested that the world was too much for her, and you felt that, poor  dear, her sufferings had been more than anyone should be asked to bear. If, like Roger Char­ing, you were a strong, hefty дюжий fellow with plenty of money, it was al­most inevitable неизбежный that you should say to yourself: I must stand between the hazards  опасностей of life and this helpless little thing, or, how wonderful it would be to take the sadness out of those big and lovely eyes! I gath­ered сделал вывод from Roger that everyone had treated Mrs. Barlow very badly. She was apparently  очевидно one of those unfortunate  persons with whom nothing by any chance goes right. If she married a husband he beat her; if she employed a broker посредник he cheated her; if she engaged a cook she drank. She never had a little lamb  but it was sure to die.²

When Roger told me that he had at last persuaded  убедил her to marry him, I wished him joy.

"I hope you'll be good friends," he said. "She's a little afraid of you, you know; she thinks you're callous  чёрствый."

"Upon my word честное слово I don't know why she should think that."

"You do like her, don't you?"

"Very much."

"She's had a rotten time нелёгкие времена, poor  dear. I feel so dreadfully sorry for her."

"Yes, "I said.

I couldn't say less. I knew she was stupid and I thought she was scheming  интригующий. My own belief was that she was as hard as nails  гвозди.

The first time I met her we had played bridge together and when she was my partner she twice trumped била козырями my best card. I behaved like an angel, but I confess признаю that I thought if the tears were going to well up расти into anybody's eyes they should have been mine rather than hers. And when, having by the end of the evening lost a good deal of mon­ey to me, she said she would send me a cheque and never did, I could not but think that I and not she should have worn a pathetic expres­sion when next we met.

Roger introduced her to his friends. He gave her lovely jewels . He took her here, there, and everywhere. Their marriage was announced for the immediate  future. Roger was very happy. He was committing   совершал a good action and at the same time doing something he had very much a mind to имел твёрдое намерение. It is an uncommon situation and it is not surprising if he was a trifle  немного more pleased with himself than was altogether всецело becoming.

Then, on a sudden вдруг,' he fell out of love разлюбил. I do not know why. It could hardly have been that he grew tired of her conversation , for she had never had any conversation. Perhaps it was merely  that this pathetic

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look of hers ceased  перестал to wring  терзать his heart-strings  глубочайшие чувства. His eyes were opened and he was once more the shrewd  трезвый man of the world he had been. He became acutely  остро conscious  that Ruth Barlow had made up her mind решилась to marry him and he swore  поклялся a solemn  торжественный oath  клятвой that nothing would induce  заставит him to marry Ruth Barlow. But he was in a quandary  затруднительном положении. Now that he was in possession of his senses he saw with clearness the sort of woman he had to deal with and he was aware that, if he asked her to release  освободить him, she would (in her appealing трогательной way) assess  оценивать her wound­ed  раненые feelings at an immoderately  чрезмерно high figure цену.³ Besides, it is always awkward  щекотливо for a man to jilt  бросить a woman. People are apt  склонны to think he has behaved badly.

Roger kept his own counsel держал свои мысли в тайне. He gave neither by word nor gesture an indication that his feelings towards Ruth Barlow had changed. He remained attentive to all her wishes; he took her to dine at restaurants , they went to the play together, he sent her flowers; he was sympathet­ic  and charming. They had made up their minds that they would be married as soon as they found a house that suited them, for he lived in chambers  комнатах and she in furnished  rooms; and they set about приступили looking at desirable  подходящее residences. The agents  sent Roger orders to view and he took Ruth to see a number of houses. It was very hard to find anything that was quite satisfactory. Roger applied to more agents. They visited house after house. They went over them thoroughly  основательно, examining  them from the cellars  погребов in the basement подвале to the attics  чердак under the roof. Sometimes they were too large and sometimes they were too small, sometimes they were too far from the centre  of things центра событий and sometimes they were too close; sometimes they were too expensive and sometimes they wanted too many repairs ; sometimes they were too stuffy душный and some­times they were too airy; sometimes they were too dark and sometimes they were too bleak  блеклый. Roger always found a fault that made the house unsuitable. Of course he was hard to please; he could not bear to ask his dear Ruth to live in any but the perfect house, and the perfect house wanted finding. House-hunting is a tiring  изнурительный and a tiresome  business and presently Ruth began to grow peevish  раздражительный. Roger begged her to have pa­tience ; somewhere, surely, existed the very house they were looking for, and it only needed a little perseverance  настойчивость and they would find it. They looked at hundreds of houses; they climbed thousands of stairs; they inspected innumerable  kitchens. Ruth was exhausted and more than once lost her temper.

"If you don't find a house soon," she said, "I shall have to recon­sider  my position. Why, if you go on like this we shan't be married for years."

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"Don't say that," he answered. "I beseech умоляю you to have patience . I've just received some entirely new lists from agents  I've only just heard of. There must be at least sixty houses on them."

They set out on направились the chase охоту again. They looked at more houses and more houses. For two years they looked at houses. Ruth grew silent and scornful  презрительной: her pathetic, beautiful eyes acquired an expression that was almost sullen  угрюмый. There are limits to human endurance  выносливость. Mrs. Bar­low had the patience  of an angel, but at last she revolted  восстала.

"Do you want to marry me or do you not?" she asked him.

There was an unaccustomed  непривычная hardness in her voice, but it did not affect  затронуло the gentleness of his reply.

"Of course I do. We'll be married the very moment we find a house. By the way I've just heard of something that might suit us."

"I don't feel well enough to look at any more houses just yet." . "Poor  dear, I was afraid you were looking rather tired."

Ruth Barlow took to her bed слегла в постель. She would not see Roger and he had to content himself with calling at her lodgings  жилище to enquire  справляться and send­ing her flowers. He was as ever assiduous  неутомимый and gallant . Every day he wrote and told her that he had heard of another house for them to look at. A week passed and then he received the following letter:

Roger,

I do not think you really love me. I have found someone who is anxious  to take care of me and I am going to be married to him today.

Ruth.

He sent back his reply by special messenger  курьер:

Ruth,

Your news shatters  расстроили me. I shall never get over the blow оправиться от удара, but of course your happiness must be my first consideration  внимание. I send you here with seven orders to view; they arrived by this morning's post and I am quite sure you will find among them a house that will exactly suit you.

Roger.

Commentary

1. He went down like a row of ninepins, (fig. ) here: He was defeat­ed at once and surrendered without resisting.

2. She never had a little lamb but it was sure to die: There was never anything dear to her that she wouldn't lose. "A little lamb" is

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somebody that one loves dearly; an allusion to the well-known nurs­ery rhyme:

Mary had a little lamb. Its fleece was white as snow, And everywhere that Mary went, The lamb was sure to go.

3. she would assess  оценивать her wounded  раненые feelings at an immoderately  чрезмерно high figure цену: she would make him pay much for jilting  бросил her.

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY

Vocabulary Notes

1. hazard  1) риск, опасность 2) вид азартной игры в кости 3) шанс; случай, случайность 4) ставка, заклад (в азартных играх)n a chance, risk or danger, as a life full of hazards; the hazards of one's life; at all hazards at all risks; whatever dangers there may be, e.g. You should do it at all hazards, to take hazards to run risks, e.g. He was aware that he was taking hazards but there was no way back.

hazard 1) рисковать, ставить на карту 2) делать ставку 3) отважиться, решиться (предпринять что-л.) vt 1) trust to chance; take the risk of, e.g. Rock-climbers sometimes hazard their lives. 2) offer or venture, as to hazard a re­mark (guess), battle

hazardous  опасный, рискованный a risky; dependent on chance, as a hazardous climb. Ant . safe , secure , sheltered укрытый; защищённый.

2. persuade  1) убеждать (в чём-л.) ; урезонивать; пенять 2) а) склонить (к чему-л.) , уговорить (на что-л.) 3) (persuade from, persuade out of) отговорить от (чего-л.) vt I ) convince; lead (a person) by argument to believe something or to think in a certain way, as to persuade a person of the truth of a report, e.g. I persuaded  убедил myself that all was well. 2) cause (a person) by argument to do something, e.g. His friends could never persuade him to go to a hockey-match: he said the absurdity of the game made him feel too sorry'for the players.

persuaded  убеждённый p.p. (predic. only) certain; convinced, e.g. I am almost persuaded of his honesty.

persuasion 1) а) убеждение (процесс) б) убедительный аргумент 2) обоснованность, убедительность 3) убеждённость (в чём-л.) 4) а) система взглядов, убеждений (часто религиозных) б) группа, секта, 5) род, сорт n, e . g . No persuasion on my part could make him do it. He agreed to stay in bed only after much persuasion.

Word Discrimination: to convince а) убеждать, уверять (в чём-л.), доводить до чьего-л. сознания б) убеждать сделать что-л., побуждать, склонять, to persuade .

Both are rendered in Russian as «убеждать». То persuade may be translated into Russian by «склонять, уговаривать»; this shade of meaning does not apply to convince, which will help to distinguish the difference between the two words.

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To convince a person means to satisfy his understanding as to the truth of something by proof, evidence or arguments, e.g. Nothing will convince me that lies and falsehoods can be justified. Adjectives: convinced, convincing, as convinced bachelor; convincing proof, evidence, statement, reason.

To persuade a person is to influence him in some way, either by argument, proof or otherwise. Conviction or the process of convinc­ing leads to belief. Persuasion leads to action. A stubborn person may be convinced of the necessity of doing something, but nothing may be able to persuade him to do it, e.g. You have persuaded  убедил me that I must apologize.

To convince a person is to prove the truth to him. To persuade a person is more than that: it implies not only convincing, but also influencing a person to act, to do something on the basis of his conviction.

Persuade may refer to the process itself of arguing with a person whereas convince is never used in this sense, but implies rather the final result of argument. E.g. We were persuading him to give up that dangerous plan, but failed to convince him.

И convince и persuade в русском языке переводятся как «убеждать».Persuade может переводиться на русский язык как «склонять, уговаривать»; этот оттенок смысла не применяется к convince, что поможет выявить разницу между двумя словами.
convince a person – привести его к пониманию, путём доказательств, свидетельств или аргументов, например, Nothing will convince me that lies and falsehoods can be justified.

Persuade a person значит влиять на него в некотором роде, либо с помощью аргументов, доказательств или иным образом. Conviction или process of convinc­ing приводят к вере. Persuasion приводит к действию. Упрямый человек может быть convinced убежден в необходимости что-то сделать, но ничего не может быть в состоянии persuade убедить его сделать это, например, You have persuaded me that I must apologize.

Convince a person – доказать ему правду. Persuade a person – больше, чем это: оно подразумевает не только убеждение, но также оказывает влияние на человека действовать, что-то сделать на основе его убеждений.
Persuade может относиться к самому процессу спора с человеком, в то время как convince никогда не используется в этом смысле, но предполагает конечный результат спора. Например, We were persuading him to give up that dangerous plan, but failed to convince him.

3.  scheme  замышлять (недоброе) ; плести интриги, интриговать vt/i plan or form a plan, esp. a secret or dishonest one, e.g. They schemed to overthrow their rivals.

scheme 1) а) план, проект; программа; схема б) интрига, махинация; козни, происки nefarious 2) система, структура, устройство 3) а) рисунок, схема; диаграмма, чертёж б) конспект; набросок; общая картина (чего-л.) n 1) a plan, e.g. The designer acquainted us with the scheme. 2) an arrangement in which each part fits the other parts perfectly, as a colour (furnishing) scheme (i.e. an arrangement cho­sen so that the effect is pleasing) 3) a secret, esp. dishonest, plan, e.g. Their scheme was exposed  разоблачена and the criminals were soon put on trial  испытание. 4) a carefully arranged statement of a plan, e.g. In the first les­son the teacher gave the students a scheme of work for the year.

4. commit  1) совершать (обычно что-л. дурное 2) (commit to) предавать (суду, земле, огню) 3) направлять (ресурсы) на какие-л. цели 4) помещать, заключать (в сумасшедший дом, в тюрьму) 5) (commit to) вверять, поручать 6) передавать законопроект в парламентскую 7) вводить в дело 8) фиксировать (где-л.) 9) компрометировать, пятнать 10) связывать себя обязательствами, словом 11) (be committed) быть преданным (кому-л. / чему-л.) vt 1) (usu.) to do a bad or foolish act, as to commit a crime, suicide , an error, e.g. He committed a grave error and he was conscious  of it. I wonder what made him commit suicide. 2) hand over or give up for safe keeping; entrust; place, as to commit smth. to paper (to writing); to write it down, e.g. If you are very ill, you have to commit yourself to doctors and nurses. The prisoner was commit­ ted for trial  испытание (i.e. sent before the judges to be tried). The body was committed to the flames, (i.e. burnt). 3) to speak or act in such a way that one will be compelled to do smth., e.g. He has committed him­self to support his brother's children (i.e. said or done smth. that makes it necessary for him to support them).

5. acute 1) остроконечный, острый 2) острый, сильный 3) сильный, резкий; крайний, критический 4) проницательный; сообразительный 5) пронзительный, высокий (о звуке) 6) острый (о болезни; больных) a 1) (of the mind and the senses) sharp; quick, e . g . Dogs have an acute sense of smell. A man with an acute mind soon knows

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whether a book is valuable or not. 2) severe, sharp and sudden, e.g. A bad tooth may cause acute pain. 3) very strong; deeply felt, e.g. His son's success in the examinations gave him acute pleasure. 4) (of an illness) serious and causing great suffering; coming sharp­ly to a crisis. (Cf. chronic), as acute gastritis 5) sharp, pointed, as an acute angle (one that is less than a right angle)

acutely  остро, резко, сильно adv, e.g. He was acutely conscious  of her presence, and it made him unusually silent.

6. appeal 1) апеллировать, обращаться, прибегать, взывать (к кому-л.) 2) взывать, просить, умолять, упрашивать (о чём-л.) 3) (appeal to) привлекать, притягивать; влечь, манить, нравиться 4) (against) а) подавать апелляционную жалобу, обжаловать б) жаловаться vi 1) ask someone to decide a question; (esp.) ask some­one to say that one is right; ask earnestly for something, e . g . The prisoner appealed to the judge for mercy. She appealed to me to protect her. 2) move the feelings; interest; attract, e.g. Do these paint­ings appeal to you? (Do you like them?) Bright colours appeal to small children. The sea voyage does not appeal to me.

a ppealing  1) трогательный, умоляющий 2) обаятельный, привлекательный, притягательный pr. p., a imploring  умоляя, e.g. The girl said it with such an appealing smile that Mr. Fowler, to his own surprise, granted the request, though but half a minute before he meant to refuse it.

appeal 1) призыв, обращение, воззвание (к кому-л.) 2) просьба, мольба (о чём-л.) 3) привлекательность, притягательность 4) апелляция; право апелляцииn І) an earnest call for help, as to collect signatures to an appeal, e.g. An appeal is being made for help for those who lost their homes in the earthquake. 2) a call to smth. or smb. to make a decision, e.g. So powerful seemed his appeal that the people were deeply moved. 3) interest or attraction , e.g. That sort of music hasn't much appeal for me. (I'm not much attracted by it.) The novel has general appeal, to make an appeal to smb. to attract smb., e.g. This type of romantic hero is sure to make an appeal to feminine hearts.

Word Discrimination: to address обращаться (называя по имени, титулу; используя тот или иной способ обращения), to apply to обращаться с просьбой, (письменным) заявлением, to appeal to , to turn to прибегать к (помощи) , обращаться за (помощью, информацией и т. п.), to consult обращатьсяза справкой (к какому-л. документу), to go to обращаться (к чему-л., на кого-л.);.

The Russian word «обращаться» has a number of equivalents in English:

To address, which is a formal word, means to speak to smb., to make a speech, as to address a person, audience, meeting. It is not followed by a preposition, but in the expression "to address oneself to smb." the preposition "to" is used. E.g. It is to you, sir, I address myself. Also: That remark was addressed to his neighbour.

To apply (to smb. for smth.) is more limited in use than to address and is even more formal. We say: to apply to an authority, to apply for work, information, permission, a certificate, etc. E.g. Carrie de­cided to apply to the foreman of the shoe factory for work.

To appeal (to smb. for smth.) to ask earnestly for smth. (usu. for help or moral support), to appeal to someone's feelings.

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To turn (to smb. for smth.) to go to someone for help (less formal and less emotional), e.g. The child turned to its mother for help.

To consult to go for advice or information, as to consult a lawyer, a doctor, a map, a dictionary. E.g. Nobody ever thought of consult­ing him. I must consult the doctor.

To see and to go to may be used in the meaning of "to consult" (coll.), as to see a doctor, a lawyer.

Русское слово «обращаться» имеет ряд эквивалентов на английском языке:
Address является формальным словом, означает говорить с кем-л., выступить с речью, to address a person, audience, meeting. Не используется с предлогом, но в выражении "to address oneself to smb." используется предлог "to". Например, It is to you, sir, I address myself. Also: That remark was addressed to his neighbour.

Apply (to smb. for smth.)более ограничен в использовании, чем address и еще более формальным. Говорим to apply to an authority, to apply for work, information, permission, a certificate. Например, Carrie de­cided to apply to the foreman of the shoe factory for work.
Appeal (to smb. for smth.)просить убедительно чего-л. (обыч. за помощью или моральной поддержкой), чтобы обратиться к чувствам другого человека.
Turn (to smb. for smth.) обращаться за помощью (менее формально и менее эмоционально), например, The child turned to its mother for help.

Consult– обратиться за советом или информацией, как to consult a lawyer, a doctor, a map, a dictionary. Например, Nobody ever thought of consult­ing him. I must consult the doctor.

To see и to go toбыть использовано в значении "проконсультироваться",какto see a doctor, a lawyer.

7. endurance  1) а) выносливость, способность переносить (боль, страдание и т. п.) б) прочность, стойкость; сопротивляемость изнашиванию 2) длительность, продолжительность n ability to endure, e.g. He showed remarkable pow­ers of endurance. There are limits to human endurance.

endure  1) вынести, вытерпеть; выдержать 2) длиться; продолжаться, тянуться 3) терпеть, сносить vt/i 1) bear bravely; remain firm or unmoved; suffer without complaining  жалуясь, as to endure suffering (pain, torture, etc.), e.g. If help does not come, they will endure to the end, 2) suffer; bear; put up with (esp. in the negative with 'can, could, be able'), e.g. I can't endure that man. 3) last; continue in existence, as as long as life endures.

enduring  1) выносливый, терпеливый; устойчивый Syn: patient , sturdy 2) длительный, долгий, продолжительный 3) прочный; постоянный, стойкий 4) живучий; бессмертный (о произведении искусства) pr. p., a, as an enduring peace (i.e. one that will last a long time)

8. content  1)удовлетворённость, довольство 2) голос "за" (в Палате лордов) vt satisfy, e.g. There were no roses at the florist's, and we had to content ourselves with big, red carnations. There is no contenting some people (i.e. it's impossible to satisfy them).

contented  довольный, удовлетворённый a satisfied, as a contented look (smile, laugh, etc.) content  довольный a (predic. only) I) satisfied with what one has or has had; not wishing for any more, e.g. He is content with very little. 2) will­ing, e.g. I am content to remain where I am now.

content удовлетворённость, довольство n the condition of being satisfied; feeling easy in one's mind, as to live in peace and content (i. e. peacefully and happily, with no worry or anxiety); to one's heart's content сколько душе угодно, вволю, всласть, вдосталь as much as one wants, e.g. And now you may enjoy yourself to your heart's content.

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