Ex. 8 Translate the sentences.
1. My friend succeeded in translating this difficult text.
2. She suspected him of deceiving her.
3. The poor peasant thanked Robin Hood heartily for having helped him.
4. He gave up the idea of ever hearing from her.
5. We are looking forward to seeing you again.
6. He has always dreamt of visiting other countries.
7. He persisted in trying to solve that difficult problem.
8. The cold weather prevented the girls from going for long walks.
9. Jane thought of leaving Lowood after Miss Temple’s marriage.
10. They accuse him of having robbed the house.
11. He never agreed to their going on that dangerous voyage.
12. He did not approve of her drinking so much coffee.
13. The teacher of mathematics did not approve of his pupils dreaming.
14. All the happiness of my life depends on your loving me.
15. I don’t feel like seeing him.
Ex. 10Give the possible variants of translation.
a) Subject:
1. Maintaining constant temperature and pressure during the test was absolutely necessary.
2. The student’s taking part in the research was of great help to the whole laboratory.
3. His offering new temperature conditions for the system will give greater efficiency.
b) Predicative:
1. The task of the factory was producing corrosion-resistant polymers in far larger quantities.
2. Their aim is finding new ways of utilizing this first-class polymer in light industry.
c) Object:
1. The experimentalist suggested purifying the solution by a new method.
2. The researcher took great interest in our improving the properties of the rubber-like substances.
3. We know of silver and copper being very good conductors of electricity.
d) Attribute:
The new heating and lighting installations supply the shops of our plant with heat and light.
At present scientists take great interest in the methods of turning the light and heat of the sun directly into electricity.
e) Adverbial modifier:
By subjecting air to very great pressure and cooling it is possible to transform it to the liquid state.
One cannot transform water into steam without heating it.
In converting water into ice we do not change its composition.
Physical changes are those which influence the condition or state of matter without changing its composition.
Ex. 15Translate and define the function of the Gerund.
1. Using radioactive isotopes opens up new possibilities for medicine and agriculture.
2. John Dalton stated that atoms are incapable of being destroyed or created.
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3. The Curies’ having discovered radium gave them the possibility of discovering other radioactive elements.
4. One of the ways of producing tremendous energy is imitating on the Earth the process that makes the Sun shine.
5. We know of the atomic reactor being fed with uranium 235.
6. After the young scientist’s report having been discussed at the conference it was published in a scientific journal.
7. We know of Yablochkov’s having found a brilliant solution to the difficult problem of using the electric arc for lighting.
8. While heavy atoms can be made to release energy by splitting, light atoms, such as hydrogen, can yield energy by being fused together.
9. Work on “braking” the H-bomb and on using the fusion process for generating electricity is going forward in several countries.
10. Conducting heat and electricity is the property of most metals. Their being good conductors of heat and electricity made them widely used in industry.
Lesson 6
The Infinitive
Инфинитив – неличная форма глагола, которая обладает свойствами существительного, глагола, прилагательного. Представляет основу глагола, которой обычно предшествует частица to.
Формы инфинитива
| Tense | Active | Passive |
| Simple | to help | to be helped |
| Continuous | to be helping | – |
| Perfect | to have helped | to have been helped |
| Perfect Continuous | to have been helping | – |
Indefinite Infinitive – действия одновременные с действием, выраженным сказуемым.
I am glad to see you.– Я рад тебя видеть.
I was glad to see you.– Я был рад тебя видеть.
Continuous Infinitive – действие в процессе развертывания, одновременное с действием, выраженным сказуемым.
She happened to be listening to music then.– Оказалось, что она тогда слушала музыку.
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Perfect Infinitive – действие, которое предшествует тому, которое выражено сказуемым.
I happened to have read the book before.– Оказалось, что я прочел эту книгу раньше.
Perfect Continuous – действие, занимающее период времени до действия, выраженного сказуемым.
I have little money. I seem to have been living on bread and water for a week.– У меня мало денег. Кажется, что я неделю прожил на хлебе и воде.
5. Passive Infinitive
It’s glorious to love and to be loved.– Прекрасно любить и быть любимым.
She happened to have been informed.– Оказалось, что её уже проинформировали.
Functions
Subject (Подлежащее)
To study well is our duty.– Хорошо учиться – наша обязанность.
It is necessary (important, nice, good, pleasant, strange…) to read original literature.– Необходимо читать литературу в оригинале.
Predicative (Сказуемое)
after to be: Our duty is to study well.– Наша обязанность – хорошо учиться..
after the verbs to start, to cease, to stop: The child began to cry.– Ребенок начал плакать.
after modal verbs bare infinitive! She must be watching TV now.– Она, должно быть, смотрит телевизор сейчас.
They may have listened to the text already.– Они, возможно, уже прослушали текст.
d) after had better (would rather (sooner)) do smith.
You had better finish your work in time. (bare infinitive!) – Тебе лучше закончить работу вовремя.
I’d sooner die than kiss him.– Я скорее умру, чем поцелую его.
Parentheses (Вводные слова, фразы)
to tell the truth, to begin with, needless to say, to put it mildly
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I took salad to begin with.– Для начала я заказал (взял) салат.
Object (Дополнение)
want, wish, hope, expect, hate, like, prefer…
I hope to meet her.– Надеюсь встретить её.
He likes to eat cakes.– Он любит кушать пирожные.
to be glad, to be sorry, to be eager, etc…
I am so sorry to hear it.– Жаль слышать это.
to find, to consider, to think
He finds it necessary to join us.– Он считает необходимым присоединиться к нам.
Attribute (Определение) (after noun, pronoun, numeral)
I have no time to lose.– Не могу терять время.
She was the first to enter the room.– Она первой вошла в комнату.
Adverbial modifier of (Обстоятельство):
purpose (so as, in order) – цели
We’ve come here to study.– Мы пришли сюда, чтобы учиться.
result (too, enough) - результата
She is too weak to go upstairs.– Она слишком слаба, чтобы подняться наверх.
You are clever enough to understand it.– Ты достаточно умен, чтобы понять это.
comparison (than) - сравнения
It’s better once to see than to hear.– Лучше один раз увидеть, чем услышать.
exception (no particle “to”) – исключения
There was nothing left to do, but go.– Ничего не оставалось делать, как идти.
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