Management and quality control
The range of indicators and evaluation of the quality of products qualimetric
Quality of production – all this properties which have to satisfy the consumer. Any goods, a thing, production have the characteristics which have to meet certain standards and rules. To it State standard specifications, specifications, the quality standards and others belong. The quality of production has to be formed at the initial stages, since quality of the delivered raw materials, during scientific developments, at a design stage, in the process of production, transportation and storage. Respect for quality of production, according to standards, is monitored by special services which are obliged to be at the enterprises.
Quality of production (process or service) – set of the properties and indicators defining suitability of production (process or service) for satisfaction of certain requirements according to appointment.
Speaking about quality of production, his improvement, it is necessary to know what reached quality, and to have opportunities to compare him to quality of similar products. To improve quality, it is necessary to measure it and to estimate quantitatively. Then it is possible to speak about in what degree it corresponds to needs of people, modern requirements of production as far as he should be improved.
Problems of quality are considered and studied by special science a kvalimetriya which problem enter definition of indicators and components of quality, development of methods of achievement and assessment of quality, etc.
In this regard the basis of quality management is made by assessment of quality of production. Kvalimetriya - the new scientific direction in the theory and practice of product quality control. The word a kvalimetriya is formed from: Latin – what what quality and Ancient Greek - to measure, measure. Therefore, the kvalimetriya is a science about measurement.
She represents science about the quantitative methods of assessment of quality used for justification of decisions at product quality control. Kvalimetriya develops the principles and methods of collecting, processing of basic data and on their basis defines quantitative indices of quality of production. Assessment of quality is necessary for certification of quality of production, the analysis of dynamics of quality, quality control, planning, stimulation of his improvement, etc. In a kvalimetriya mathematical methods, especially statistical as many indicators of quality have probabilistic character are widely used. But before passing to methods of measurement of quality it is necessary to consider the properties of production entering her quality and by means of what they can be measured.
Property of production - the objective feature of production which is shown during her creation, operation or consumption. For measurement of properties of production indicators - quality indicators are used. An indicator of quality of production – the quantitative characteristic of the properties of production which are a part of her quality, considered in relation to certain conditions of her creation and operation or consumption. The choice of indicators of quality establishes the list of the names of quantitative characteristics of the properties of production which are a part of her quality and providing assessment of level of quality of production.
|
|
|
Indicators of quality have to meet the following main requirements:
· to promote ensuring compliance of quality of production to requirements of the national economy and the population;
· to be stable;
· to promote systematic increase in production efficiency;
· to consider modern achievements of science and technology and the main directions of technical progress in branches of the national economy;
· to characterize all properties of production causing its suitability to satisfy certain requirements according to her appointment.
Justification of the choice of quality indicators is made taking into account appointment and conditions of use of production; analysis of requirements of consumers; tasks of product quality control; structure and structure of the characterized properties; main requirements to quality indicators.
The purposes of application of quality indicators of production are established according to tasks of product quality control. Depending on specific features of production and conditions of her production and use some, specified groups of indicators of quality of production can be absent. If necessary the additional groups of indicators characteristic of the considered production are entered.
|
|
|
On a way of expression they can be in physical units (kilograms, meters, points, dimensionless) and also in cost units.
According to level of quality — basic, relative indicators.
On a definition stage — the predicted, design, operational, operational performance.
On the characterized properties they can be single and complex (group, generalized, integrated). Single and complex indicators of quality, can unite in various groups depending on the object relations with the external environment.
Indicators of appointment characterize the properties of kefir defining the main functions for which performance she is intended and causes the field of its application.
Esthetic indicators characterize information expressiveness, appeal of appearance of a container or packing of production, stability of her trade dress at storage and transportation.
Indicators of transportability characterize fitness of production to transportation.
Ecological indicators characterize the level of harmful effects on the environment at consumption and operation of products (amount of the nicotine passing into smoke when smoking).
Indicators of safety characterize the features of production causing safety of the person at operation or consumption of production
Indicators of technological effectiveness characterize the properties of production defining a possibility of cutting of costs of labor, material, energy and other resources for her creation and application at achievement of the set effect of her use according to appointment and under the accepted rational conditions of production and exploitation (application). At the same time consider technological rationality of production (labor input and material capacity) and also continuity of components and structural executions.
Indicators of structure and structure are characterized by the cardboard density, a mass fraction of impurity in detergents, etc.
Indicators patent and legal characterize extent of updating of the technical solutions used in production, their patent protection.
Дата добавления: 2018-06-27; просмотров: 418; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! |
Мы поможем в написании ваших работ!