Plan of conducting of training.
| № | Elements of practical training | Time (minutes) |
| 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. | Test control with the purpose of estimation of initial level of knowledge and its analysis. Demonstration of method of clinical examination of skin, subcutaneous tissue and skeletal system in children. Distributing of patients for independent work of students. Registration of protocols of examination of patient with estimation of the state of skin, hypodermic fat and skeletal system in children. Round of children, which students worked with, analysis of patients. Signing of protocols. Initial control of knowledge, solving of clinical situation tasks. Results of training and final estimation of knowledge and abilities of students and task to independent preparation to a next training. | 15 min. 30 min. 45 min. 40 min. 20 min. 10 min. Total: 160 min. |
List of theoretical questions:
1)Anatomic and physiologic features of skin, subcutaneous tissue in children of a different age and their clinical value.
2) Method of clinical examination of patient with pathology of skin, subcutaneous tissue:
а) inquire;
b) features of examination:
- Color of skin;
- presence of primary and secondary elements, their kind, size, localization and others like that;
- development of superficial vessels;
- inspection of visible mucus;
- distribution of subcutaneous fat;
- edemas;
c) features of palpation:
- elasticity;
- turgor of tissue;
- temperature;
- pain sensitiveness;
- dryness or wetness;
- estimation of umbilical wound (in new-born);
- thickness of skin fold;
- estimation of the state of capillaries;
- edemas;
- estimation of rash
- groups of lymph nodes (size, amount, plainness, consistency, mobility, integration with surrounding tissue).
3) Semiotics of violations of skin, subcutaneous fat:
а) primary morphological elements (inflammatory, uninflammatory character, with cavity, without cavity);
b) secondary morphological elements;
c) violations from the side of appendages of skin (hair, nails);
d) hypotrphy, paratrophy;
e) edemas;
f) skleredema, sklerema;.
4). Anatomic and physiologic features of the skeletal system in the children of a different age and their clinical value.
5). Method of clinical examination of patient with pathology of the skeletal system:
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a) inquire;
b) features of inspection: estimation of proportion of separate parts of body, inspection of skull, trunk, upper and lower extremities (estimation of their sizes, form, presents of deformations), estimation of the state of teeth, feature of bite, inspection of configuration of joints, the volume of mobility of joints, physical activity of child, development of muscles, volume of active moving activity.
c) Features of palpation:
- estimation of development of muscles, muscular force, tone of muscles, turgor of soft tissue, state of separate muscles;
- - palpation of bones of the skull, presence of fontanels, measuring of their sizes, palpation of thorax (form, direction of ribs, expressed of intercostals intervals, epigastral corner), spine (exposure of declination of its axis in different departments), extremities;
- measuring of sizes of big fontanel: from one side of rhombus to other its side (that between the parallel sides of rhombus);
- palpation of joints ( increase to the temperature, painful, edema, active and passive mobility).
6). Semiotics of violation of the skeletal system in children:
a) rickets;
b) semiotics of microcephaly and macrocephaly;
c) scoliosis
d) bone deformations
e) arthritis;
f) innate defeats of the bone system in children
7) Main syndromes at the defeat of the bone system
- pain
- joint
- hyperplasia of bone tissue
- osteomalatia
- osteoporosis
8) Main syndromes at the defeat of the muscular system in children:
- muscular hypertonic
- muscular hypotonic
Method of conducting of practical training:
1) Students answer in writing on the tests of entrance control of base knowledge. Then is distributed for implementation of independent work.
2) Students in the wards of department conduct the method of clinical examination of patient with pathology of skin, subcutaneous fat and skeletal system.
3) Students design protocol of examination of patient with estimation of the state of skin and skeletal system and substantiate pathological syndromes
A teacher with the students carries out the round of patients, makes analysis and signs protocols.
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4) A teacher works out the results of training, gives estimation of knowledge and abilities of students, assigns tasks for independent preparation to a next
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