Forms and methods of self-control.
Test tasks.
1. In which from intrauterine periods production of surfactant takes a place
A. in an embryonic
B. in embryofetal
C. in a germinal
D. in early fetal
E. in late fetal*
2. Frequency of breathing of 1 year child makes:
A. 50-60 / min.
B. 40-50 / min.
C. 30-35 / min. *
D. 20-25 / min.
E. 18-20 / min.
3. Breathing frequency in 5 years old child makes:
A. 16
B. 20*
C. 30
D. 40
E. 60
4. The purpose of comparative percussion is:
A. determination of border of internal organs
B. determination of size of internal organs
C. determination of form of internal organs
D. determination of pathological changes in organs*
E. determination of sickness of internal organs
5. The lower edge of lungs on the right midclavicular line in children will be disposed at level:
A. III ribs
B. IV ribs
C. V ribs
D. VI ребра*
E. VII ribs
Standards of answers:
1. E
2. C
3. B
4. D
5. D
Clinical situation tasks
Task №1.
During the clinical examination of child the exposed following changes from the side of thorax: it is short that wide, ribs are located horizontally, excursion of thorax is limited. Name the form of thorax. Is it possible to count such form normal? If no, for what diseases characteristic such changes of thorax?
Task №2.
During the clinical examination of child the exposed following changes from the side of thorax: diminishment of all sizes, atrophy of respiratory muscles, sharp inclination of ribs down, acute epigastral angle, lag of shoulder-blades. Name the form of thorax? Is it possible to count such form normal? If no, for what diseases characteristic such changes of thorax?
Task №3.
During conducting of comparative percussion in a child is heard the loud percutory sound with a tympanic tint on the type of bandbox. The percutory sound is identically above the symmetric areas of thorax. What reasons of origin of bandbox percutory sound? What diseases is a bandbox sound characteristic for?
Standard of answers:
1. Such form of thorax is named “barrel”. Such form of thorax is pathological. These changes characteristic for the diseases of the respiratory system, for example, bronchial asthma, obstructive bronchitis, emphysema of lungs
2. Such form of thorax is named “paralytic”. Such form of thorax is pathological. These changes are characteristic for the chronic respiratory diseases
3. Bandbox percutory sound appears in children, when elasticity of pulmonary tissue diminishes and its airing raises. Bandbox sound is characteristic for emphysema of lungs, bronchial asthma and obstructive bronchitis.
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Hardwares and material providing of training.
1) Tables:
a) "Borders of lungs in children"
b) "Breathing frequency in children of a different age"
c) "Projection of parts of lungs on a thorax".
2) Set of test tasks of initial control (10 copies).
3) Methodical developments:
a) "Value of anatomic features of respiratory organs in children in pathogenesis of respiratory insufficiency".
b) "Methods of examination of respiratory system".
Information sources.
А) Basic:
1. Kapitan T. Propedeutics of children’s diseases and nursing of the child. – Vinnitsa, 2006. – P. 215-273
B) Additional:
1. Мазурин А.В., Воронцов И.М. Пропедевтика детских болезней. М.:Медицина, 1985. - С.101-129.
2. Пропедевтика детских болезней / под ред. А.А.Баранова. М.: Медицина, 1998. - С.158-182.
Program of self-preparation to the theme:
1. To study Theoretical questions (see List of information sources)
2. To pay attention to the anatomic and physiologic features of organs of breathing in children.
3. To be able to question parents and sick child
4. To define anamnesis of life, anamnesis of illness, basic complaints of children with pathology of organs of breathing
5. To pay attention on the feature of inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation of children depending on age
6. To pay attention to the general symptoms of defeat of organs of breathing
7. To learn basic pathological syndromes.
8. To know semiotics of basic diseases of respiratory (innate stridor, acute stenotis laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma, pleurisy
Semantic module 7. Cardiovascular system in children
Concrete aims:
• To collect anamnesis at a patient with diseases of the cardiovascular system.
• To conduct the objective examination of the cardiovascular system taking into account the age features of child .
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• To interpret got findings.
• To analyze the basic syndromes of defeat of the cardiovascular system in children.
• To appoint the complex of laboratory-instrumental methods of examination at the diseases of the cardiovascular system in children.
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