Build up the lexical paradigm of nomination.
MODEL: high: high - height - heighten - highly (high)
| 1) fool, to criticize, slow, fast; 2)new, work, to fraud, out; | 3) to cut, sleep, brief, hard; 4) down, beauty, to deceive, bright. |
Say to what parts of speech the words in bold may be assigned. Give arguments.
1. Tom's army won a great victory, after a long and hard-fought battle. (Twain)
2. Ten years after is famous experiment was performed. (Wilson)
3. They came back to camp wonderfully refreshed, glad-hearted, and ravenous… (Twain)
4. But there was no whispering in the house… (Twain)
5. It's just too good to believe, but we have got it, sure! (Twain)
6. This was simply astounding. (Twain) 7. "Well, you said you'd do it—why don't you do it?" (Twain)
8. She turned another page over.
9. Harold jumped out of the car just before it went over the cliff.
10. So Tom pried his mouth open and poured down the Pain-killer. (Twain)
11. Now you've asked for it, and I'll give it to you, because there ain't anything mean about me; but if you find you don't like it, you mustn't blame anybody but your own self. (Twain)
12. Why, I never see anything like it. (Twain)
13. Do we still think like we used to?
14. We’re down in London next weekend.
15.She walked down the street without looking back.
16. Over these past couple of weeks we’ve been looking at some of the questions…
17. When we arrived at my friend’s house, a young man hurried past us…
18. You take the blue case and I’ll take the black one.
19. One day you’ll see I was right.
Study the sentences below and translate them into Russian. Name the parts of speech each word in the sentences belong to. Give arguments.
1. If police police police police, who police police police? Police police police police police.
2. Will Will will Will Will’s will?
3. James, while John had had “had,” had had “had had”; “had had” had had a better effect on the teacher.
Seminar 4
NOUN: GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS. THE CATEGORY OF GENDER
Sources:
1. Блох, М.Я. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка / М.Я. Блох. - М.: Высшая школа, 2003. – С. 55-58.
2. Блох, М.Я. Практикум по теоретической грамматике английского языка / М.Я. Блох, Т.Н. Семенова, С.В. Тимофеева. – М.: Высшая школа, 2004. – С. 109-110.
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Additional:
3. Иванова, И.П. Теоретическая грамматика современного английского языка / И.П. Иванова, В.В. Бурлакова, Г.Г. Почепцов. - М.: Высшая школа, 1981. – С. 21-22, 28-29.
4. Кобрина, Н.А. Теоретическая грамматика современного английского языка: учебное пособие / Н.А. Кобрина, Н.Н. Болдырев, А.А. Худяков. – М.: Высшая школа, 2007. – С. 10-14.
TASKS
Get ready to answer the questions below.
1. What are semantic features of a noun?
2. What are formal features of a noun?
3. What are functional features of a noun?
4. Explain why the 1st word in word combinations like cannon ball is considered to be a noun and why the whole is considered to be a contact group of 2 separate words?
5. What is the difference between proper and common nouns / animate and inanimate nouns / human and non-human nouns / countable and uncountable nouns?
6. Why is the category of gender formal/meaningful in Russian and meaningful in English?
7. Is the category of gender a constant feature or variable feature category? Why?
8. How is the category of gender organized hierarchically?
9. Why are neuter and masculine genders the weak members of opposition (on their levels)?
10. How can the category of gender be reduced?
Find Russian equivalents for the following terms; give definitions.
common noun, proper noun, animate noun, inanimate noun, human noun, non-human noun,
formal category, meaningful category, person nouns, non-person nouns, neuter gender nouns, feminine nouns, masculine nouns, common gender nouns
What formal means are used to substantivize the underlined words.
1) He who has a why to live can bear almost any how (Nietzsche). 2) You do this not because you can figure out the specific whys and hows, but because you trust His love and wisdom (Myers). 3) Wonderful what Hollywood will do to a nobody (Chandler). 4) God is not much interested in my stage image – the me I often present to others (Baty). 5) Discuss the dos and don’ts of choosing a job.
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Characterise each noun below following the model.
Model: doctor – common, animate, human, countable noun
John, despair, house, horse, music, water, cattle, sky
Define the gender of the nouns below.
lady, boy, table, cat, mare, parent, chairman, chairperson, father, sun
The new tendency in the English language known as “Inclusive language” implies the use of the special language tactics to avoid emphasising the gender of the noun in order to be politcorrect. Explain how it works in the examples below.
а) hostess, stewardess à flight attendant; statesman à politician, leader; fireman à fire fighter; businessman, business-woman à executive; policeman à police officer; sportsman, sportswoman à athlete
b) 1) …no one can embarrass a young person in public so much as an adult to whom he or she is related (Angelou). 2) As is the rule with Chopra’s books, the proceedings finish with clearly laid-out instructions to help the reader find the magic lying at the heart of his or her own world (Time). 3) A tourist, browsing in a Paris shop, eating in an Italian ristorante, or idling along a Hong Kong street, will encounter three or four languages as she negotiates the buying of a blouse, the paying of a check, or the choosing of a trinket (Angelou). 4) These programs and services can make a big difference in helping a child reach her full potential (Woman’s Day). 5) Every student who turns in their paper late will lose half of their grade. 6) One gets into the way of imagining a person when one hears them talked about (Christie). 7) I don’t want to spend an hour listening to someone blame their mother (Ladies’ Home Journal).
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