Get ready to answer the questions below.
1. What is a morpheme?
2. What is the difference between a morpheme, a word and an intermediary morpheme-like functional word?
3. What is a field approach?
4. What is a morph?
5. What kind of morphs are called allomorphs?
6. What is the difference between lexical and grammatical affixes?
7. Which of the two, suffixes or prefixes, can be only lexical in the English language?
8. What kind of grammatical suffixes are called homonymous?
9. What are outer and inner inflexions?
10. What is the difference between full and partial suppletivity?
11. What does IC-analysis stand for?
12. What does distributional analysis aim at?
13. When are the morphs said to be in contrastive, non-contrastive and complementary distribution?
14. What are the distributional classes of morphemes?
TASKS
Find Russian equivalents for the following terms; give definitions.
morpheme, word, morph, allomorph, root, affix, lexical affix, grammatical affix, stem, infix, outer inflexion, inner inflexion, suppletivity, the IC analysis, distribution, complementive distribution, contrastive distribution, non-constrastive distribution, full and empty morphemes, free and bound morphemes, overt and covert morphemes, segmental and suprа-segmental morphemes, additive and replacive morphemes, continuous and discontinuous morphemes
2. The word antidisestablishmentarianism is considered to be the longest not-term word in English. Identify its morphemes and describe their meanings. Can you guess the meaning of this word relying on the meanings of the morphemes? Look up the meaning of the word in a dictionary.
Analyse the morphological structure of the words below using the linear analysis and IC-analysis.
reproductiveness, irregularities, unexpectedly, babysitter’s
Arrange the following words in groups according to their stem structure. Explain your decision.
suited, apple-tree, languages, blackout, forester, eatable, stress, give in, longer, constitute, attention, in reference, to bring up, downstairs, downwards
5. Divide the sentence below into elementary meaningful segments (morphs). Which of them are words and which are morphemes? Find intermediary units (half-words – half-morphemes):
I have been thinking about Jane’s decision for a long time.
6. a) In the words below find morpheme ‘-(e)s’. Split the words into groups according to the meaning of this morpheme.
takes, pants, statistics, Brussels, linguistics, books, speaks, Alps, lots, vitals, fists, odds, corps, tidings, news, proceeds, human’s, ashes, stays, spectacles, civics, stops, official’s
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b) Give other examples to illustrate homonymy of lexical and grammatical affixes (-er, -en, -ed, -ing).
Define the type of the morphemic distribution according to which the given words are grouped.
MODEL: insensible - incapable
allomorphs "-ible" and "-able" are in complementary distribution, as they have the same meaning but are different in their form which is explained by their different environments.
a)impeccable, indelicate, illiterate, irrelevant;
b)published, rimmed;
c)seams, seamless, seamy;
d)lice, houses;
e)transfusible, transfusable;
f)non-flammable, inflammable.
8. Find pairs of words which stand to one another in non-contrastive distribution. Not all words will be used!
burned, spelled, go, intelligible, spelt, went, discussing, spelling, discussed, profitable, gullible, formulae, discussion, non-advisable, burner, profited, gullable, burnt, formulas.
9. Divide the words below into morphemes, identify the distributive type of each of them:
1) full and empty morphemes - lawyer, rejoinder;
2) overt and covert morphemes - chronic, playing;
3) free and bound morphemes – girl - girls;
4) segmental and supra-segmental morphemes - to export - export;
5) additive and replacive morphemes– girl - girls, man - men;
6) continuous and discontinuous morphemes – played - have played
10. Study the words and find groups of words containing allomorphs. Not all words will be used!
fifty, spiteful, brethren, trout, pins, ability, goose, nuclei, painful, tempi, foxes, paths, able, full, phenomena, fits, fifteen, mice, pathfinder, five, bought, geese, age, buys, brother.
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