Перевод прямой речи в косвенную
При переводе прямой речи в косвенную используются те же правила согласования времен, если глагол-сказуемое в главном предложении стоит в Past Simple.
Таблица преобразования времен
При переводе прямой речи в косвенную
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
| Present Simple | Past Simple |
| Past Simple | Past Perfect |
| Future Simple | Future Simple in the Past |
| Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
| Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
| Future Continuous | Future Continuous in the Past |
| Present Perfect | Past Perfect |
| Past Perfect | Остается без изменений |
| Future Perfect | Future Perfect in the Past |
| Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
| Past Perfect Continuous | Остается без изменений |
| Future Perfect Continuous | Future Perfect Continuous in the Past |
| must, should, ought | остаются без изменений |
| can | could |
Примечание:1) В косвенной речи можно употреблять Present Simple для общеизвестных фактов – The teacher said that rice doesn’t grow in Britain. – Преподаватель сказал, что рис не растет в Великобритании.
2) В косвенной речи можно употреблять Past Simple для выражения прошедшего действия, если указано время совершения действия – He said that he moved to London in 2001. – Он сказал, что переехал в Лондон в 2001 году.
Замена местоимений и обстоятельственных слов
При переводе прямой речи в косвенную
| this | that |
| these | those |
| now | then |
| today | that day |
| tomorrow | the next day |
| the day after tomorrow | two days later |
| yesterday | the day before |
| the day before yesterday | two days before |
| ago | before |
| next year | the next year, the following year |
| here | there |
Примечание: Следует иметь в виду, что такую замену нельзя производить механически, а только в тех случаях, когда этого требуют обстоятельства. Например: Если прямая речь передается в том же месте, то here не меняется на there. Если прямая речь передается в тот же день, то yesterday и tomorrow остаются без изменений.
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Reported questions
Перевод прямых вопросов в косвенные
1.Существуют два типа прямых вопросов:
a) вопросы, начинающиеся с вопросительного слова: who, what, where, why и т.д. (специальные вопросы);
b) вопросы, начинающиеся с модального или вспомогательного глагола (общие вопросы).
2. Особенности косвенных вопросов:
a) косвенные вопросы имеют порядок слов утвердительного предложения;
б) при переводе прямых вопросов первого типа в косвенные вопросительные слова сохраняются;
в) косвенные вопросы второго типа начинаются со слова “if” – ли;
г) время глагола-сказуемого изменяется так же, как и при обращении прямой речи в косвенную.
Например:
Прямой вопрос: Where do you live?
Косвенный вопрос: He asked me where I lived.
Прямой вопрос: Can you speak English?
Косвенный вопрос: He asked me if I could speak English.
Прямой вопрос: Do you have any children?
Косвенный вопрос: He asked me if I had any children.
Reported orders
Перевод повелительного предложения в косвенную речь
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Изменения, происходящие в косвенной речи:
1) Если прямая речь выражает приказание, в косвенной речи используется глагол to tell,
2) Если прямая речь выражает просьбу, используется глагол to ask;
3) Повелительное наклонение заменяется инфинитивом.
She said to me “Come at 5 o’clock.” – She told me to come at 5 o’clock .
Exercises
1. Yesterday you met a friend of yours, Charlie. Here are some of the things Charlie said to you:
1. I’m living in London now.
2. My father isn’t very well.
3. Sharon and Paul are getting married next month.
4. Margaret has had a baby.
5. I don’t know what Fred is doing.
6. I saw Helen at a party in June and she seemed fine.
7. I haven’t seen Diane recently.
8. I’m not enjoying my job very much.
9. You can come and stay at my flat if you are ever in London.
10. My car was stolen a few weeks ago.
11. I want to go on holiday but I can’t afford it.
12. I’ll tell Ann I saw you.
Later that day you tell another friend what Charlie said. Use reported speech.
Model: Charlie said that he was living in London now.
2. Somebody says something to you which is the opposite of what they said before. Write a suitable answer beginning I thought you said ... .
1. A: That restaurant is expensive.
B: Is it? I thought you said it was cheap.
2. A: Ann is coming to the party tonight.
B: Is she? I thought you said she ...
3. A: Ann likes Paul.
B: Does she? I thought ...
4. A: I know lots of people.
B: Do you? I thought you said you ...
5. A: I’ll be here next week.
B: Will you?
6. A: I’m going out this evening.
B: Are you?
7. A: I can speak a little French.
B: Can you?
8. A: I haven’t been to the cinema for ages.
B: Haven’t you?
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3. Here are some things that Ann said to you:
1. I’ve never been to the United States.
2. I can’t drive.
3. Jane is a friend of mine.
4. I’m working tomorrow evening.
5. I don’t have any brothers or sisters.
6. I don’t like fish.
7. Jane has a very well-paid job.
8. Dave is lazy.
But later Ann says something different to you. What do you say?
Model: Dave works very hard. But you said he was lazy.
1. Let’s have fish for dinner.
2. I’m going to buy a car.
3. Jane is always short of money.
4. My sister lives in London.
5. I think New York is a fantastic place.
6. Let’s go out tomorrow evening.
7. I’ve never spoken to Jane.
4. Complete the sentences with say or tell ( in the correct form). Use only one word each time.
Remember: to tell somebody (to do something).
to say something (to somebody).
to say that.
1. Ann ... goodbye to me and left.
2. ... us about your holiday. Did you have a nice time?
3. Don’t just stand there! ... something!
4. I wonder where Sue is. She ... she would be here at 8 o’clock.
5. Jack ... me that he was fed up with his job.
6. The doctor ... that I should rest for at least a week.
7. Don’t ... anybody what I ... . It’s a secret just between us.
8. ‘Did she ... you what happened?’ ‘No, she didn’t ... anything to me .’
9. George couldn’t help me. He ... me to ask Kate.
10. George couldn’t help me. He ... to ask Kate.
5. The following sentences are direct speech:
1. Don’t wait for me if I’m late.
2. Can you open your bag, please?
3. Please slow down!
4. Don’t worry, Sue.
5. Will you marry me?
6. Mind your own business.
7. Could you repeat what you said, please?
8. Do you think you could give me a hand, Tom?
9. Hurry up!
Now choose one of these to complete each sentence below. Use reported speech.
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Model: Bill was taking a long time to get ready, so I told him to hurry up.
1. Sarah was driving too fast, so I asked ... .
2. Sue was very pessimistic about the situation. I told ... .
3. I couldn’t move the piano alone, so I ... .
4. The customs officer looked at me suspiciously and ... .
5. I had difficulty understanding him, so I ... .
6. I didn’t want to delay Ann, so I ... .
7. John was very much in love with Mary, so he ... .
8. He started asking me personal questions, so ... .
6. Make a new sentence from the question in brackets.
1. (Where has Tom gone?) Do you know where Tom has gone ?
2. (Where is the post office?) Could you tell me where ...
3. (What’s the time?) I wonder ...
4. (What does this word mean?) I want to know ...
5. (What time did they leave?) Do you know ...
6. (Is Sue going out tonight?) I don’t know ...
7. (Where does Carol live?) Have you any idea ...
8. (Where did I park the car?) I can’t remember ...
9. (Is there a bank near here?) Can you tell me ...
10. (What do you want?) Tell me ...
11. (Why didn’t Kay come to the party?) I don’t know ...
12. (Do you have to pay to park here?) Do you know ...
13. (Who is that woman?) I’ve no idea ...
14. (Did Ann receive my letter?) Do you know ...
15. (How far is it to the airport?) Can you tell me ...
7. You have been away for a while and have just come back to your home town. You meet Gerry, a friend of yours. He asks you a lot of questions:
1. How are you?
2. Where have you been?
3. How long have you been back?
4. What are you doing now?
5. Where are you living?
6. Why did you come back?
7. Are you glad to be back?
8. Do you have any plans to go away again?
9. Can you lend me some money?
Now you tell another friend what Gerry asked you. Use reported speech.
Model: He asked me how I was.
UNIT 3
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