ЧТО ГОВОРЯТ ПРИ ВСТРЕЧЕ И ПРОЩАНИИ
Good morning (afternoon, evening)! — Доброе утро (день, вечер)!
Hello (Hi)! - Привет!
Nice (glad) to see you. — Приятно (рад) видеть вас.
How are you? — Как вы себя чувствуете?
How’s life? — Как жизнь?
How are you getting on? — Как вы поживаете?
Fine, thanks.— Хорошо, спасибо.
Not too (so), bad.— Неплохо.
Can’t complain. — He могу пожаловаться.
So so. — Так себе.
Pretty bad. — Очень плохо.
Could be better. — Могло бы быть лучше.
Let’s go somewhere together. — Давай сходим куда-нибудь вместе.
I don’t mind, but now I am in a hurry. — Я не возражаю, но сейчас я тороплюсь.
Good-bye! — До свидания!
Bye-bye! — Пока!
So long. — Пока, до встречи.
See you soon. — Пока, до скорой встречи.
I hope we’ll meet soon. — Я надеюсь, мы скоро увидимся.
Good luck to you. — Удачи вам.
I wish you success. — Я желаю вам успехов.
All the best. — Всего хорошего.
Please, say hello to ... — Пожалуйста, передай привет...
Have a nice holiday (journey). — Хорошего вам отдыха (поездки).
Call me some time. — Позвони мне как-нибудь.
b) Arrange role-plays on the following subjects; be as imaginative as you can:
1. Imagine that you are talking with a Japanese man.
2. You are visiting London and asking the guide about different customs and traditions of the English people.
3. You are the guide. You are talking with the tourists from China.
EXERCISE 21. Talk on one of these topics:
1. What is Culture? Specific and common features of different cultures.
2. The history of human culture.
3. Different customs and traditions all over the world.
UNIT II
EDUCATION
EXERCISE 1. Read, translate, and learn the new words to read and discuss the texts and dialogues. Translate the sample sentences:
1) experience, learning experiences. Education includes different kinds of learning experiences.
2) a sense, in the broadest sense. In its broadest sense, education is the ways in which people get knowledge and understanding about the world and about themselves.
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3) a skill, to learn skills. The pupils are learning different skills.
4) to gain, to gain knowledge. The people gain knowledge about the world.
5) a scheme. We’ll use this scheme while discussing the problem.
6) formal, informal. We’ll discuss formal and informal education.
7) to be in charge of. The Minister of Education is in charge of education at all the levels.
8) to expect. I expect she will pass an exam.
9) both ... and... Education includes both informal and formal ways of learning.
10) vocational education. School systems provide both general and vocational education.
11) gifted, physically or mentally handicapped. Most countries provide education both for gifted and for physically or mentally handicapped children.
12) an adult. The country provides education both for children and for adults.
13) an aim, to aim. The aim of vocational education is to prepare the students for a job.
14) intelligent. She is a very intelligent student.
15) responsible. The Minister of Education is responsible for education at different levels.
16) to transmit. The information is transmitted from one computer to another through a telephone line.
17) a heritage, a cultural heritage. The aim of general education is to transmit a common cultural heritage.
18) carpentry. At technical schools, students are taught carpentry, metalwork, and electronics.
19) to require. The regulations require that all students shall attend at least 90 per cent of the lectures.
20) further, further education. On leaving school adults may take up further education.
21) compulsory. Primary and secondary education is compulsory in most countries.
22) to support. The higher schools in the UK are mainly supported by public funds.
23) instead. It’s too wet to go for a walk, let’s go to the swimming-pool instead.
24) junior, senior. High schools in the USA may be junior and senior.
25) to earn. He earns much money.
EXERCISE 2. Read the international words and mind the stress:
form, discussion, telephone, initiative, visit, museum, television, show, video, radio, programmer, test, exam, instruction, college, university, system, type, diploma, certificate, nation, inform, design, culture, specialist, arithmetic, geography, history, student, electronics, course, professions, career, agriculture, architecture, business, medicine, material, information, public, corporation, institute.
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EXERCISE 3.
a) Translate, analyses the following words with different suffixes, and divide them into two groups: nouns and adjectives:
informal, formal, education, different, experience, useful, language, teacher, television, instruction, childhood, learner, nation, general, vocational, special, intelligent, cultural, heritage, specialist, technical, professional, agriculture, architecture, pleasure, educational, public, independent, corporation, correspondence, assistance, Russian, American, conversation, national, attendance;
b) Make up as many words as you can by combining different parts of the words:
| differ | ||
| use | -ent | |
| teach | -fill | |
| in- | learn | -er |
| special | -ist | |
| depend |
c) The word in capitals at the end of each of the following sentences should be changed to form a word that fits suitably in the blank space:
1) The British universities are ... from the public system of education. DEPEND.
2) ... expect students to pass the exam. TEACH.
3) Students should come to college ... REGULAR.
4) Pupils are taught... subjects. DIFFER.
5) ... study various subjects with the teacher at the head. LEARN.
EXERCISE 4.
a) Try to match up the adjectives in column A with the nouns in column В to form meaningful phrases:
| А | В |
| 1) different | a) childhood |
| 2) formal | b) scheme |
| 3) useful | с) amount |
| 4) large | d) education |
| 5) intelligent | e) subjects |
| 6) young | f) heritage |
| 7) good | g) manners |
| 8) early | h) schools |
| 9) cultural | i) citizens |
| 10) technical | j) people |
b) Decide which of the verbs on the left collocate with the nouns on the right:
1) to include ... a) subjects
2) to involve ... b) knowledge
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3) to learn ... c) a call
4) to gain... d) a show
5) to ride... e) exams
6) to make... f) a bicycle
7) to get... g) people
8) to visit... h) skills
9) to watch ... i) information
10) to pass ... j) a shop
11) to enter ... k) the university
12) to earn ... 1) money
EXERCISE 5.Translate the following word combinations; pay attention to the prepositions:
about the world, about themselves, for discussing, to divide into, during their daily life, for example, by hearing, by trying, in the same formal manner, with good manners, on their own initiative, without a teacher, look at a videotape, listen to a radio, at different kinds of schools, in most countries, a system of formal education, during their early childhood, in this type of education, in charge of education, with the teachers at the head, to come to school, in their learning, at the end of their learning, the school systems of all modern nations, for gifted children, after leaving school, a large amount of time, aims at producing, in secondary schools, the aim of vocational education, for a job, between the ages of 5 and 16, agree with you, at the age of 15, beyond the age of 16, by public funds, by correspondence, in their own homes, about it, is responsible for, at all stages, by name.
EXERCISE 6.
a) Translate the following definitions of the words:
1) A skill is a special ability to do something well, especially as gained by learning and practice.
2) A sense is good and especially practical understanding.
3) A manner is the way or method in which something is done or happens.
4) An adult is a fully grown person, especially a person over an age stated by law, usually 18 or 21.
5) A heritage is an object, custom, or quality which is passed down over many years within a nation, social group, or family, and is thought of as something valuable and important which belongs to all its members.
b) The following words also appear in the texts and dialogues; match each one with its correct definition:
carpentry, to transmit, experience, to gain, intelligent
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1) the art of work of a person who is skilled at making and repairing wooden objects, especially one who does this as a job;
2) having or showing powers of learning, reasoning, or understanding;
3) to send or pass from one person, place, thing to another;
4) knowledge or skill which comes from practice in an activity or doing something for a long time, rather than from books;
5) to get something useful, wanted.
EXERCISE 7. Read and translate the sentences; memorize the use of the Infinitive:
1. To see the wide grasslands is interesting.
2. They began to describe the climate of Russia.
3. I want to visit my relatives.
4. He wants to collect stamps.
5. They have an idea to restore this monument.
6. To prepare a report about the natural resources of Russia I went to the library.
7. To know the history of any country is useful.
8. It helps me to understand better the people’s customs and traditions.
9. I don’t want to talk about it.
10. On the Russian flag, there are three stripes (white, blue, and) to symbolize the earth, the sky and the freedom.
EXERCISE 8. Transform these sentences according to the models to practice the use of the Infinitive:
a) Model: The customs and traditions, which we should study, are very interesting. → The customs and traditions to be studied by us are very interesting.
1. The museum, which they should visit, is far from here.
2. The book, which the students should read, is interesting.
3. The report, which I should prepare, is about the climate of this country.
4. The ring, which he should present, is very beautiful.
5. The sweater, which she will put on, is of the white color.
b) Model: Чтобы лучше знать историю, ты должен читать больше исторических книг. → То know the history better, you must read more historical books.
1. Чтобы понять народ этой страны, вы должны знать их обычаи и традиции.
2. Чтобы подготовить этот доклад, вы должны пойти в библиотеку.
3. Чтобы хорошо знать географию, вы должны изучать карту.
4. Чтобы учиться в этом университете, вы должны получать хорошие оценки.
5. Чтобы получать хорошие оценки, я должен усердно учиться.
EXERCISE 9. Translate the sentences paying attention to the construction “There + be + noun”
1. В этой комнате большое окно.
2. В парке было много детей.
3. В классе несколько студентов.
4. В контрольной работе не было ошибок.
5. В этом журнале есть интересные статьи?
6. В нашем городе несколько театров и много кинотеатров.
7. В портфеле есть учебник и пять тетрадей.
8. В этой комнате есть телефон?
9. Сейчас нет времени переводить эту статью.
10. На доске было написано несколько английских предложений.
11. Рядом с этим офисом есть школа.
12. В этой книге много новых слов. Новые слова на шестой странице.
EXERCISE 10.
a) Read the text, try to focus on its essential facts. Choose the most suitable heading below for each paragraph:
1) What is Education? 2) Formal Education 3) Informal Education 4) Different Kinds of Formal Education
b) Make a precis of the text, using the following phrases:
1. The title of the text is... 2. The text is about... The text deals with... 3. The text covers such points as... 4. It should be underlined that... 5. In conclusion, I may say that... 6. To my mind... In my opinion...
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