Задание 14. Переведите следующий текст
What Is a Computer Virus?
It is an executable code able to reproduce itself. Viruses are an area of pure programming, and, unlike other computer programs, carry intellectual functions on protection from being found and destroyed. They have to fight for survival in complex conditions of conflicting computer systems. That’s why they evolve as if they were alive.
Yes, viruses seem to be the only alive organisms in the computer environment, and yet another their main goal is survival. That is why they may have complex crypting/decrypting engines, which is indeed assort of a standard for computer viruses nowadays, in order to carry out processes of duplicating, adaptation and disguised.
It is necessary to differentiate between reproducing programs and Trojan horses. Reproducing programs will not necessarily harm your system because they are aimed at producing as many copies (or somewhat-copies of their own as possible by means of so-called agent programs or without their help. In the later case they are referred to as “worms”.
Meanwhile Trojan horses are programs aimed at causing harm or damage to PC’s. Certainly it’s a usual practice, when they are part of “tech-organism”, but they have completely different functions.
That is an important point. Destructive actions are not an integral part of the virus by default. However virus-writers allow presence of destructive mechanisms as an active protection from finding and destroying their creatures, as well as a response to the attitude of society to viruses and their authors.
As you see, there are different types of viruses, and they have already been separated into classes and categories. For instance: dangerous, harmless, and very dangerous.
But viruses are famous not only for their destructive actions, but also for their special effects, which are almost impossible to classify. Some virus-writers suggest the following: funny, very funny and sad or melancholy. But one should remember that special effects must occur only after a certain number of contaminations. Users should also be given a chance to restrict execution of destructive actions, such as deleting files, formatting hard disks. Thereby virus can be considered to be a useful program, keeping a check on system changes and preventing any surprises such as of deletion of files or wiping out hard disks.
It sounds quite heretical to say such words about viruses, which are usually considered to be a disaster. The less person understands in programming and virology, the greater influence will have on him possibility of being infected with a virus.
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ЧАСТЬ II.
ПЕРЕВОД ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-ЭКСПРЕССИВНЫХ ТЕКСТОВ
Задание 1. Выполните предпереводческий анализ и определите доминанты перевода следующего текста.
Adapt or Die
The wind of change is blowing through the empire of fast food. The vision of endless growth through new markets across the planet for fast food companies now looks unsustainable when it's not what people want anymore.
When fashions, styles and tastes change, it's time to adapt or die. As the fast food companies have expanded around the world, they have had to adapt to local sensitivities.
In the old days, no franchise holder could deviate from the 700 page McDonald's operations manual known as "the Bible". But that policy may be changing.
In the 34 restaurants in India, the "Maharaja Mac" is made of mutton, and the vegetarian options contain no meat or eggs. There were disturbances in India when it was learned that McDonald's french fries were precooked in beef fat in the USA, because Hindus revere cows and cannot eat beef. Likewise, McDonald's in Pakistan offers three spicy "McMaza meals", Chatpata Chicken Roll, Chicken ' Chutni Burger and Spicy Chicken Burger. In the USA itself, the taste for the food of the Eisenhower-era brightly coloured takeaway has changed over fifty years too.
What the market is meant to offer is more choice, not less. In the heart land of America, at Evansville, Indiana, there's now a McDonald's With the Diner Inside, where waitresses serve 100 combinations of food, on china.
At the end of 2002, McDonald's began closing 175 outlets in 10 countries. Some were branches in cities like London, but the company pulled out altogether from some countries that were not giving appropriate financial returns.
The reasons for these corporate changes may not be just to do with fast food. One of Ray Kroc's partners once admitted that McDonald's was not really in the food business at all, but in real estate. McDonald's actually makes most of its money from rent, because it owns more retail property than any other company on earth. Land is more valuable than appetite, and the sites are more valuable an asset than what they sell. Will McDonald's mutate into another business entirely, in order to survive?
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