Краткое сообщение на иностранном языке по теме «Vehicles»
| Одобрен на заседании ПЦК от «__»__________2017 г. протокол № _____ Председатель __________Жукова Т.С. | ЭКЗАМЕНАЦИОННЫЙ БИЛЕТ № 16 по специальности: 190701 «Организация перевозок и управление на транспорте (автомобильном)» дисциплина : «Иностранный язык» | УТВЕРЖДАЮ Руководитель учебного подразделения СПО ________Прошева Н.Н. |
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Karl Benz
Karl Benz (1844–1929) was a German inventor of the automobile, who devoted his life to making a horseless vehicle. When Benz's three-wheeled engine-driven machine (the first "car") appeared on the streets in 1885, people couldn't believe that it moved without the aid of horses. It was a great triumph to him because Benz built a new engine that was lighter and more powerful than any other.
Benz's first car was a great achievement for him. Everything – the engine, fuel transmission, controls – had been developed and designed by him. The wheels were driven by means of a chain, and there were two speeds.
At that time speed limits were 12 kilometers an hour outside the city, six – inside. Benz realized that he would never be able to improve his cars if this rule were not changed. He invited the Minister to ride in his car. When the milkman passed the car at a good speed, the Minister ordered to go faster. But Benz referred to speed limit. "Never mind", said the Minister. Thus Benz won the day.
1. Who was Karl Benz?
2. How did people react when the first car appeared on the streets?
3. Why was Benz's first car a great achievement for him?
4. What were the speed limits at that time?
Краткое сообщение на иностранном языке по теме «Logistics services».
| Одобрен на заседании ПЦК от «__»__________2017 г. протокол № _____ Председатель __________Жукова Т.С. | ЭКЗАМЕНАЦИОННЫЙ БИЛЕТ № 17 по специальности: 190701 «Организация перевозок и управление на транспорте (автомобильном)» дисциплина : «Иностранный язык» | УТВЕРЖДАЮ Руководитель учебного подразделения СПО ________Прошева Н.Н. |
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Brakes
Brakes are used to slow or stop the car where it is necessary. It is one of the most important mechanisms of the car as upon its proper performance the safety of passengers depends.
Car brakes can be divided into two types, namely: drum brakes and disc brakes. Depending on their functions, the automobile has foot brakes and hand brakes (parking brakes). Brakes are controlled by the brake pedal.
Most braking systems in use today are hydraulic. This system consists of a master cylinder mounted on the car frame and wheel cylinders. When the driver pushes down on the brake pedal, it forces the piston to move in the master cylinder and brake fluid is delivered from it to the wheel cylinders. The piston movement causes brake shoes to move and the brakes are applied.
The air brake uses compressed air to apply the braking force to the brake shoes.
Electric brakes use electromagnets to provide the braking effort against the brake shoes.
1. Why are brakes one of the most important mechanisms of the car?
2. What are two main types of car brakes?
3. What braking systems are in use today?
4. How does hydraulic braking system work?
Краткое сообщение на иностранном языке по теме «Logistics».
| Одобрен на заседании ПЦК от «__»__________2017 г. протокол № _____ Председатель __________Жукова Т.С. | ЭКЗАМЕНАЦИОННЫЙ БИЛЕТ № 18 по специальности: 190701 «Организация перевозок и управление на транспорте (автомобильном)» дисциплина : «Иностранный язык» | УТВЕРЖДАЮ Руководитель учебного подразделения СПО ________Прошева Н.Н. |
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Engines
The engine is known to be attached to the frame in three or four points. Noise and vibrations are inherent in engine operations. To prevent this noise from passing to the frame, the engine should be insulatedfrom the frame by washers.
The two most common types of engines for cars are the petrol engine end diesel engine.
Petrol engines are usually lighter and smaller than diesel engines. This makes them cheaper, and this is why most cars use petrol engines. Petrol engines are also less noisy then diesel engines. They usually go faster. On the other hand, diesel engines use less fuel then petrol engines, and this is why trucks use them. They are also safer then petrol engines, because there is less danger of fire.
There are two main types of petrol engine – 4-stroke and 2-stroke. All cars use 4-stroke engines. But most motobikes use 2-stroke engines. They are lighter and smaller then 4-stroke engines, and are therefore cheaper.
1. Where is the engine attached?
2. What should be done to prevent the noise from passing to the frame?
3. What are the two most common types of engines for cars?
4. Why do trucks use diesel engines?
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