V. Перепишите текст и переведите его на русский язык (письменно). MACHINE TOOLS - A MEASURE OF MAN’S PROGRESS

MACHINE TOOLS - A MEASURE OF MAN’S PROGRESS

The variety and combinations of machine tools today are unlimited. Some of them are very small and can be mounted on a work bench*, but others are so large that we have to construct special buildings to house them.

There are some basic operations at any workshop. They are transporting, turning, drilling, measuring, size controlling, etc. The main machine tool of such a workshop is the multipurpose lathe*. What is a lathe? It is a power-driven machine with special tools, which can cut or form metal parts. The metal that cuts another metal must be very hard, and so tools should be made of very hard steel alloys. The tool itself is very small in comparison with the mechanism which is to direct it.

Technological progress improves accuracy of machine tools. Today’s equipment can produce parts with very high accuracy. One can find a number of machine tools that can measure and inspect the main production parameters themselves - machine tools that are to handle the parts mechanically and automatically. Such machines can hold the parts, which are to be measured and are able to indicate precise measurements themselves. A great many of such "clever" machines can be found today in our industry.

Since machine tools become faster and easy to operate, and more complex too,

automatic measurements and inspection ought to be of greater importance and precision. Automation is one of the main factors, which effect engineering and, thus, man’s progress.

*work bench - верстак

*lathe – токарный станок

ВАРИАНТ 5

I. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на неопределенные местоимения some, any, no и их производные. (§ 1)

1. There is somebody in the lecture-hall. It is the student of our group.

2. The new equipment we have got some weeks ago was manufactured somewhere in Europe.

3. I cannot find anybody in this repair shop. Will you call a mechanic?

4. Nobody can explain me the reason of this engine noise.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения. Выпишите причастия, определите их функции. Переведите предложения на русский язык. (§ 4)

Образец: Designing new cars engineers use advanced technologies.-

designing – Participle I, обстоятельство

advanced – Participle II, определение

Конструируя новые автомобили, инженеры используют передовые технологии.

1. He cut his hand while he was repairing his car in the garage.

2 The very first world motor vehicle was invented and built in 1885.

3. The model introduced in 2008 is well known for its progressive design.

4. This is a new engine type showing the highest efficiency.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркивая в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое. Определите видовременную форму и залог сказуемого и переведите предложения на русский язык. ( § 2)

Образец:This company has started to produce its vehicles in our country.–

has started – Present Perfect Active

Эта компания начала производить свои автомобили в нашей стране.

1. The electrical equipment controls the start of engine and the operation of its systems.

2. John Roebuck was the partner of James Watt financing his researches.

3. Modern cars have been equipped with first-aid kits.

4. Learner–drivers are not allowed to drive their own cars until they get driving license.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркивая в каждом из них модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты. Переведите предложения на русский язык. (§ 3)

1. Modern fuel system filters must remove rust, dust and heavy particles from fuel.

2. General Motor’s light-weight composite material called SMC 3374 can withstand high temperatures.

3. Qualified engineers are to define the technological properties of these materials.

4. Any driver should give his automobile a good maintenance.

V. Перепишите текст и переведите его на русский язык (письменно).

THE EARLY DAYS OF THE AUTOMOBILE

The first self-propelled vehicle was constructed by the French engineer Cugnot (Кюньо) in 1763. He built a steam-driven vehicle which had three wheels, carried two passengers and ran at maximum speed of four miles. The car was not perfect and efficient. The supply of steam lasted only 15 minutes and the carriage had to stop every 100 yards to make more steam.

In 1825 a steam engine was built in Great Britain. The vehicle carried 18 passengers and covered 8 miles in 45 minutes. However the progress of motor cars met with great opposition in Great Britain.

From 1860 to 1900 was a period of application of gasoline engines to motor cars in many countries. Nicolaus Otto introduced the four-stroke cycle of operation. The cars of that time were very small, two-seated cars with no roof, driven by an engine placed under the seat. Drivers had to carry large cans of fuel and separate spare tires, because there were no repair or filling stations to serve them.

After the I World War it became possible to achieve greater reliability of motor cars, brakes became more efficient. Constant efforts were made to standardize common components. Multi-cylinder engines came into use; most commonly used were four-cylinder engines. So, the automobile was not invented in a single day by a single inventor.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА

по специальности “ Агроинженерия ”

Вариант 1

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на неопределенные местоимения some, any, no и их производные. ( § 1)

1. He will give you some information about farm product processing in the region.

2. Any student can use these machine tools, as he knows much about them.

3. This combine meets some international standards, but not all of them.

4. No operator can tell you anything about that type of tractor.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения. Выпишите причастия, определите их функции. Переведите предложения на русский язык. (§4)

Образец: Designingnew cars engineers use advanced technologies.-

designing – Participle I, обстоятельство

advanced – Participle II, определение

Конструируя новые автомобили, инженеры используют передовые технологии.

1. Electricity operates various automatic devices employed in industry.

2. Tomorrow these inventors will be there describing and illustrating new vehicles.

3. Today there are few specialists knowing the details of this combine and how it works.

4. These newly purchased machines required a whole crew of qualified personnel.

Образец:This company has started to produce its vehicles in our country.–

has started – Present Perfect Active

Эта компания начала производить свои автомобили в нашей стране.

1. Einstein was the physicist who developed the theory of relativity.

2. Agricultural machines are used to till soil and to plant cereals and vegetables.

3. The production of John Deere combines will be increased next year.

4. This year Rostselmash has started to change its company’s infrastructure.

1. This equipment can produce and control machine parts with very high accuracy.

2. One must know and observe basic rules to prevent accidents in operating vehicles.

3. The people had to irrigate this part of the desert for crop cultivation.

4. You should control the temperature of fuel-air mixture that forms the tractor exhaust.

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