A. Translate the following word combinations into Russian. annual output; industrial output; national output; daily output; gross output; manufacturing output; milk output; factory output; oil output; world output;
annual output; industrial output; national output; daily output; gross output; manufacturing output; milk output; factory output; oil output; world output; economic output; farm output.
B. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. British manufacturing output showed a small increase in September.
2. Philippine farm output this year will grow by as much as 5 percent on back of a sharp rise in rice production.
3. Theeconomicoutputof all countries in the EU has increased considerably during the last three decades.
4. Many analysts think Iran could double its oil output to nearly 7 million barrels per day.
5. A good monsoon, stable cattle-feed cost and better price to farmers will increase domestic milk output by six-seven per cent and ensure stable prices to consumers.
6. New figures released by the Central Statistics Office show that Ireland’s economic output decreased in the last quarter of 2011 – putting Ireland back into a recession.
7. Based on the World Steel Association data, in June this year the crude steel output of 62 countries surveyed across the globe reached 127.9 million tonnes increasing by 0.1% YoY basis (year-on-year) and down 2.04% compared to May this year.
8. The Northern Bank is predicting economic output will remain largely flat this year.
9. Output per worker rises when the workers are more skilled and work with greater intensity, it also rises when they are given better equipment, more efficient plant-layouts, and bettermaterials.
10. China's annual output of shale gas will skyrocket from near zero now to 6.5 billion cubic meters in 2015 and at least 10 times that by 2020, the government said in a development plan Friday.
Exercise № 13
rate-1)размер, норма; 2) ставка, тариф; 3) курс; 4) темп, скорость;5) коэффициент, показатель, степень; 6) разряд, сорт, класс.
A. Translate the following word combinations into Russian.
growth rate; interest rate; rate of inflation; unemployment rate; birth rate; exchange rate; dollar rate; wage rate; profit rate; freight rate; output rate; penalty rate; tax rate; at an annual rate; rate of profitability.
B. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. The unemployment rate represents unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force.
2. The rate of profit is the best indicator of the ‘health’ of a capitalist economy.
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3. The soaring unemployment rate is a lagging indicator of the financial problems in the euro zone, and is not terribly surprising given (учитывая) all the bad news coming from Europe in the last couple of years.
4. Latvia has one of the highest GDP growth rates in Europe, mostly driven by expansion in consumption and credit.
5. The US and Europe have also criticised China’s exchange rate controls; accusing China of making their exports artificially cheap and giving Chinese manufacturers an unfair advantage over European and American producers.
6. The U.S. birth rate has dropped to the lowest level since national data have been available, according to statistics just released by the Centers for Disease Control.
7. Some economists expect the Bank of England committee to consider an interest rate increase in May, when more data on inflation and the economy in the first quarter will be available.
8. The UK rate of inflation fell last month to a two-and-a-half year low owing to slowing fuel and food prices.
9. The unemployment rate fell to 8.5%. That was the fourth month in a row that the jobless number has fallen, and it was the lowest level that gauge of economy has been since February 2009.
10. Freight rates have plummeted in recent months, thanks to weak demand and an oversupply of container ships.
11. The economy in the U.S. grew at a 3 percent annual rate in the last three months of 2011, the same as previously estimated, while corporate profits climbed at the slowest pace in three years.
Exercise № 14
toaccountfor – 1) составлять, приходитьсянадолю; 2) объяснятьчто-либо, служитьпричиной; 3) отчитыватьсязачто-либо, нестиответственность; 4) обеспечивать за счет чего-то.
Обратите особое внимание на необходимость грамматической трансформации при переводе предложений, в которых глагол toaccountfor употребляется в значении приходиться на долю.Например: The U.S. now accounts for 45 per cent of Hong Kong’s exports by value. – ВнастоящеевремянадолюСША приходится 45 % от общего объема экспорта Гонконга в стоимостном выражении.
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Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. China accounts for about a fifth of the world's total economic output and any slowdown may affect a global recovery.
2. It’s important to keep in mind that the industrial sector accounts for less than a quarter of all final products produced in the U.S.
3. The Pentagon cannot properly account for nearly nine billion dollars received for Iraqi reconstruction programs after the 2003 US invasion.
4. In 2008 private consumption accounted for only 35% of the US GDP, down from 49% in 1990.
5. In America start-ups have accounted for almost all the job creation in the past couple of decades.
6. Exports of industrial raw materials and capital goods, especially to emerging economies, account forthe lion’s share of recent gains in GDP.
7. The invention of the cotton gin (машинадляочисткихлопковоговолокна) was one of the key factors that accounted for the explosive growth of cotton production and slave labor in the South in the 1850's.
8. The storekeeper was expected to account for any material removed.
9. An increase in net exports has accounted for no less than two-thirds of Germany’s total GDP growth over the past decade, far more than any other big economy.
10. At the board meeting the sales manager accounted forthe failure to meet the target figures.
11. Bad weather accounted for the delay in delivery.
Exercise № 15
Describing graphs, trends, and changes
| Going up | Verbs | to advance, to climb, to increase, to rise, to grow, to gain ground, to head north, to improve, to go up | ||
| Nouns | an advance, an increase, a rise, a growth, a climb, a hike, an upturn | |||
| Going down
| Verbs | to decline, to drop, to fall, to head south, to lose ground, to retreat, to slide, to go down, to contract, to shrink | ||
| Nouns
| a decline, a drop, a fall, a retreat, a slide, a downturn | |||
| These words used to talk of an upward or downward trend do not in themselves indicate by how much indicators have gone up or down. | ||||
| Going up by small ormoderate amounts | V | to edge ahead, to edge higher, to edge up, to firm | ||
| Going down by small or moderate amounts
| V | to dip, to drift (lower), to ease, to edge down, to edge lower, to slip (lower) | ||
| N | a dip, a drift, a slip | |||
| Going up by large amounts | V | to jump, to leap, to roar ahead, to roar up, to rocket, to shoot ahead, to shoot up, to skyrocket, to soar, to surge (ahead) | ||
| N | a jump, a leap, a surge | |||
| Going down by large amounts | V | to dive, to nosedive, to plunge, to plummet, to tumble | ||
| N | a dive, a nosedive, a plunge, a tumble | |||
| Going down fast by very large amounts | V | to collapse, to crash, to crumble, to slump | ||
| N | a crash, a collapse, a slump | |||
| No change | to remain stable, to level off, to stay at the same level, to remain constant, flat to stagnate, to stabilize, to remain steady | |||
| Change of direction | to peak, to reach a peak, to top out, to reach a low point, to bottom out, to recover, to rebound, to revive | |||
| The amount of increase or decline can also be indicated using these verbs: | to double, to triple, to quadruple, to increase fivefold; to halve | |||
Adjectives and adverbs
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