Fill in the gaps with appropriate words. Explain your choice
1. Car sales in India ………… to its lowest in nine months in July at 1.43 mln units as high interest rates and petrol prices further impacted the already weak consumer sentiments.
Skyrocketed slumped surged
2. Total car production……………5% because of lower sales in the US, where all European countries are struggling with weak demand.
Shot aheadslid increased
3. Industrial output grew by 20.9% in January 2005 over the previous year, as China’s total economy………….. by more than 14%.
Slid edged up shot ahead
4. American manufacturing employment ………. in 1979 and has been generally falling since.
Advanced peaked soared
5. New orders ……………5% in August, and for that month and July combined stood 10% higher in volume terms than a year earlier.
Plummeted slipped jumped
6. Sales held steady, profits ………….from $29.7 million to $12.1 million.
Drifted lower crumbled leapt
7. Farm prices………….0.5% from March as meat prices continued their rise.
Edged uprocketed surged
8. In the first seven months of the year exports to Great Britain …………….by 12% and hit the record, while those to Italy were up only 4%.
Fell drifted lower soared
9. Stocks …………..as trading activity remained sluggish.
Roared aheadedged lowerleapt
10. Tesla’s shares were among the best performers,………….400%in 6 months.
Jumping plummeting tumbling
Exercise № 16
Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying special attention to the words in italics.
alltimehigh – наивысшее значение за весь период наблюдений, исторический максимум
ant. all-timelow
onrecord – за всю историю статистических наблюдений
recordhigh – абсолютный максимум, рекордно высокое значение
year’slow – самый низкий показатель за год
1. Historically, from 1914 until 2012, the United States inflation rate averaged 3.36% reaching an all time high of 23.7% in June of 1920 and a record low of 15.8% in June of 1921.
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2. Foreign investment by U.S. businesses and investors is on track to be the second highest on record.
3. Having touched a 20-year low in 2006, this year sales fell every month until October.
4. Manufacturing output has already declined at a 2.2% annual rate in the fourth quarter, the largest quarterly drop since the 2001 recession.
5. Since January, exports to Asia have accounted for almost half of total shipments, andin the three months through July, the growth rate for shipments of all goods, adjusted for inflation, accelerated to a 30% annual rate.
6. The figures also showed that input prices – the cost of raw materials bought by industry – rose 1.8% on the month to stand 15.4%up on a year ago, the second biggest increase on record.
7. Singapore's economy slowed sharply from the third quarter. Growth fell by 3.2 per cent on an annualised, seasonally adjusted basis, the first contraction in four and a half years.
8. The main cause of the problem has been steadilyweakening prices, which are at about 20-year lows.
9. In the US, companies are generally quicker to shed jobs, the rate reached 9.8% in September, a 26-year high and up by around four percentage points since mid-2008.
10. In Germany and Britain, the forecast suggests a marked fall in output, year onyear.
11. According to WSD’s (World Steel Dynamics) calculations, steel consumption in the US will pick up only marginally to 125m tones, from this year’s expected 122,8m tones.
12. Last month exports were $1.64bn, fractionally downon the same month in 1984.
13. In fact, corporate profits are now at a peak in dollar terms and close to an all-time high as a percentage of GDP.
14. Japan’s production of crude steel (нерафинированнойстали) rose dramatically in April to 8.830 million metric tons, up 15% from a year earlier and 5% from March.
15. The latest figures reflected only the normal seasonal improvement in the labour market and gave no sign that the present modest upswing in the economy was creating new jobs.
16. The rise in manufacturer’s buying prices is also uncomfortably high in comparison with the domestic inflation rate, which was 4.6 per cent in the yearto December and is projected by Treasury (МинистерствоФинансов) to remain at about that level this year.
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TRANSLATION SKILLS
I. АНАЛИЗ СТРУКТУРЫ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ И РОЛЬ ПОРЯДКА СЛОВ ПРИ ПЕРЕВОДЕ
Приступая к переводу текста, необходимо помнить, что вследствие различий в лексических и грамматических структурах языка оригинала и языка перевода, достижение полной эквивалентности возможно лишь в исключительных случаях, как правило, в простых предложениях. Для выполнения адекватного перевода, т.е. такого, который на 80-90% передает суть и форму оригинала, возникает необходимость в различных переводческих трансформациях: лексических, грамматических, стилистических и др. Задача переводчика заключается в том, чтобы найти такие языковые средства, которые позволят ему без искажений, грамотно, адекватно, используя специальную терминологию, передать содержащуюся в оригинале информацию, по возможности, сохранив жанровые особенности текста и авторскую стилистику.
Перевод каждого предложения следует начинать с анализа его грамматической структуры, т.е. нахождения грамматической основы и установления связи между словами.При этом следует иметь в виду, что перед подлежащим предлоги отсутствуют. Сказуемое может быть удалено от подлежащего, а отдельные части сказуемого – друг от друга.
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In services the pessimism expressed about the coming year was reminiscent of mid-2009, before the recovery had picked up any speed at all
Food prices, which rose by about 11% in the year to February, have made a bigcontribution to China’s consumer-price inflation, now running at 4.9%.
Если предложение содержит предлоги, необходимо выяснить, какие слова в предложении они связывают.
Во многих случаях перевод с английского языка на русский сопровождается изменением порядка слов. Следует помнить, что в отличие от английского языка, в котором принят прямой порядок слов, в русском языке порядок слов свободный, аобстоятельства времени и места по большей части стоят в начале предложения. Также в начало предложения помещается и ссылка на источник информации,если таковая имеется. Инфинитив цели,стоящий в конце английского предложения, тоже, как правило,выносится вперед.
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