The Newspaper FS, its Substyles and their Peculiarities
The Newspaper Style is a system of interrelated lexical, phraseological and grammatical means, basically serving the purposes of informing and instructing the reader. To understand the language peculiarities of English newspaper style it will be sufficient to analyze the following basic newspaper features:
1) Brief news items;
2) Advertisements and announcements;
3) Headlines;
4) Editorials;
5) Press reports.
The newspaper style has its specific features and is characterized by an extensive use of:
1) Special political and economic terms; Ex.: socialism, capitalism, constitution, market economy;
2) Non-term political vocabulary; Ex.: public, people, peace, war, intervention.
3) Newspaper lichés; Ex.: vital issue, pressing problem, war hysteria.
4) Abbreviations; Ex.:UNO, NATO, EU, TUC, MP, PR
5) Neologisms. Ex.: sputnik, lunik, a teach-in, a sit-in, Watergate, Camillgate.
Grammatical peculiarities:
1) Complex sentences with a developed system of clauses.
2) Verbal constructions.
3) Syntactical complexes.
4) Attributive noun groups.
5) Specific word order.
6) WH pattern rule:
Ex.: The biggest blackout in US history crippled major metropolitan areas in the Northeast and Midwest on Thursday by shutting down trains, airports, traffic and cooling systems. (US Today, Aug. 15-17, 2003)
The Headline. The main function is to inform the reader briefly, to reveal the reporter’s attitude to the facts reported. It may contain elements of appraisal.
Syntactical patterns:
1) Full declarative sentences. California ballot is a field of dreamers.
2) Interrogative sentences. What’s next for Mr. Vick?
3) Nominative sentences. Blackout misery. Companies for Sale. Ageism Factor.
4) Elliptical sentences. 50 MILLION AFFECTED IN Northeast and beyond as power grid fails.
5) Sentences with articles omitted. British soldier dies in ambulance bombing. Standard Investor Seeking to Sell Stake.
6) Phrases with verbals. Married – with cameras. Keeping prices down. To get USA aid.
7) Questions in the form of statements. Safe Sin? The more, the better?
8) Complex sentences. US Newspaperman Declares He Helped Bomb Havana.
9) Headlines including direct speech. Travel havoc: “We are not getting out today”.
Advertisements and Announcements. The function of advertisements and announcements is to inform the reader. There are two types of them: classified and non-classified.
Classified: Births, Marriages, Deaths, In Memorial, Business Offers, Personal, Farm, Aviary.“ Trained Nurse with child 2 years seeks post London preferred – Write Box C, 658, The Times, EC 4”.
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Non-classified: the reader’s attention is attracted by every possible means: typographical, graphical, stylistic. No brevity of language means.
The Scientific Prose Style, its Substyles and their Peculiarities
The Scientific Prose Style is characterized by:
1) Rigour and precision;
2) Logical sequence of utterances;
3) Impersonality;
4) Quotations, references, footnotes
5) Sentence patterns:
a) postulatory
b) argumentative
C) formulative
d) Ex. “ One kind of variation that we might not want to label stylistic is variation due to regional, temporal and social dialects (Enkvist,1973,p.16).
1) Rigour and precision:
Table 15
| General terms | Special terms | Everyday vocabulary |
| Learners, Sponsors, Awareness, Content | ESP, needs analysis, needs assessment, learning needs | approach, existence, acceptable, reasonable |
2) Impersonality:
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