Functional Styles of the English Language
“Functional style is a system of linguistic means peculiar of certain sphere of communication”. (Ю.М.Скребнев)
“Functional style of speech is a special social differentiation of speech, corresponding to a definite sphere of activity, having a special stylistic coloring, determined by the aims and a corresponding sphere of communication”. (М.Н.Кожина)
According to I.R.Galperin: Functional Style is a system of interrelated language means serving a definite aim in communication. It is the coordination of the language means and stylistic devices which shapes the distinctive features of each style and not the language means or stylistic devices themselves. Each style, however, can be recognized by one or more leading features which are especially conspicuous. For instance the use of special terminology is a lexical characteristics of the style of scientific prose, and one by which it can easily be recognized.
Table 12
Functional Styles (Y.M.Screbnev)
Formal Informal
Table 13
I.V. Arnold
| Styles Functions
| Commu-nicative
| Volun-
tative
| Emotive
| Phatic
| Aesthetic
|
1. Oratory
2. Colloquial
3. Poetic
4.  Publicist and newspaper
5. Official
6. Scientific
| +
+
+
+
+
+
| +
+
-
+
+
-
| +
+
+
+
-
-
| +
+
-
-
-
-
| +
-
+
-
-
-
|
Stylistic functions:
1. Communicative – i.e. communicating some primary information
The former method allows direct interpretation.
2. Voluntative (conative) – expressing one’s intention, urging people to some kind of action. Ex.: “ Inform us of your intentions!”
3. Phatic – attracting smb’s attention to make the situation natural “ I say, you know that …”
4. Aesthetic – appealing to people’s heart, deriving the effect of beauty and emotional response. “ Tired with all these, for restful death I cry!”
| Functional Styles (I.R.G.)
| |
Table 14
| Style of Official Documents
| |
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