Oratory and speeches
1. Direct address to the audience: Ladies and gentlemen! Dear friends!
2. The use of the 1st and 2nd personal pronouns: “ I have a dream today. I have a dream, that one day down in Alabama –I say to you, my friends, even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream.”
3. Contractions: We’ve got.
Parallelism, antithesis, climax, repetition (anaphora, epiphora, chain repetition). “ It is high time this people had recovered from the passions of the war. It is high time the people of the North and the South understood each other…”
Radio and TV commentary is less impersonal and more expressive and emotional. The journalistic articles are impersonal.
The Essay is a literary composition of moderate length on philosophical, social, aesthetic or literary subjects. It is characterized by personality in the treatment of the theme and naturalness of expression.
The most characteristic language features:
1. Brevity of expression, epigrammaticalness.
2. The use of the 1st person sg.
3. The extended use of connectives to facilitate the correlation of ideas.
4. The abundant use of emotive words.
5. The use of similes and metaphors. “ Oh, the conductors! When I was a boy, massive old Richter commanding the old massive Hale orchestra! … Why, my dear maestros, in spite of wars, bombs, taxes, rubbish and all, what a delight it has been to share this world and this age with you!”
The essay is very subjective and the most colloquial of the all substyles of the publicist style. It makes use of expressive means and tropes.
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