How the Sandwich Came to the World
In 1762 there was a very famous English politician. Everybody knew about him because he enjoyed playing cards very much. One night he stayed at the card table for 24 hours, and he ate nothing but slices of bread with pieces of meat inside. His name was John Sandwich. The English name for a sandwich comes from this man.
Sandwiches were great favourites in Victorian England. It was the custom to "take" afternoon tea at about four o'clock, and many rich families ate sandwiches at this time.
Cucumber sandwiches were very popular. The servants always cut the edges of the bread, so the sandwiches were very small and delicate.
Sandwiches are less elegant now and often much bigger.
The English eat millions of sandwiches every day. They are a typical "snack" meal because they are easy and quick to prepare. You can buy sandwiches if you don't want to make them yourself. There are thousands of "sandwich bars" and cafes and even some restaurants that sell them.
The Hamburger is not so Young as We Sometimes Think
An American cook, Louis Lassen, made and sold the first hamburgers in 1895. He gave them this name because sailors from German port Hamburg gave him the recipe.
The story of this popular food comes back to the Middle Ages. In the Hamburg area the Tartars first made a sort of hamburger then. They used to sit on pieces of meat when they rode horses; so the meat came out flat!
Kenneth Lassen, Louis' son, still sells hamburgers in Connecticut.
Today you can buy this food in many places of the word. Except 'classic hamburgers' there are also cheeseburgers, fishburgers, beefburgers, eggburgers ... in fact anythingburgers!
Граматичний матеріал:
Ex. 1.One of the words in each list does not fit. Which is it?
1) lion, tiger, panther, monkey, snake; 2) lily, rose, poplar, tulip, lilac; 3) house, flat, villa, factory, cottage; 4) ink, water, milk, chalk, wine; 5) New York, Rome, London, Tokyo, Madrid.
Ex. 2.Choose the word (a, b) that best completes the sentence. Write the number of the sentence and the letter of the answer, e.g. 1b, 2a, 3b.
1. What time did you … up yesterday? a) get b) got c) gets. 2. I will … to the cinema tomorrow a) go b) went c) gone. 3. He came into the room, switched on the light and … to do his homework a) begin b) began c) begun. 4. Be quiet. The girl has just … asleep a) fall b) fell c) fallen. 5. My aunt has … beautiful roses this year a) grow b) grew c) grown. 6. The children like milk and … it every morning a) drink b) drank c) drunk.
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Ex. 3.Choose the word (a, b) that best completes the sentence. Write the number of the sentence and the letter of the answer, e.g. 1b, 2a, 3b.
1. Have you … the new film? a) see b) saw c) seen. 2. I have … to a concert this week a) be b) was c) been. 3. The children have … their homework. They can go to the cinema a) do b) did c) done. 4. She has … this engineer since she began to work at the plant a) know b) knew c) known. 5. We have already … them our picture gallery a) show b) showed c) shown. 6. They haven’t yet … to the South a) go b) went c) gone.
Робота над вправами за профілем спрямування:
Ex.1. Translate the word in the brackets into English:
1. Looking out of the window of car we saw a (стадо) of elephants standing peacefully near the road.
2. (Стадо) of seals was sleeping on the rocks.
3. Soon a big (зграя) of sharks gathered near the sunken ship.
4. (Зграя) of prairie dogs was following the antelope.
5. We saw five lion cubs born in the (лев’ячому сімействі).
6. The scientists had been researching the life of the (стада китів) for a year.
7. The tourists who trained diving saw a bright (зграйку) of fish near a big rock.
8. (Косяк) of wild geese was flying high up in the sky.
9. (Сімейство) of baboons was usually sitting on a big branch of a huge tree.
10. (Лисяче сімейство) was eating ducks when we saw them.
Ex 2 Guess what animal is this.
A pachyderm that may weigh as much as sixty men and have a nose almost six feet long.
Enormous member of the seal family that can weigh up to 3,000 pounds!
Sleeps through the winter in a cave.
The tallest land creature now living on the earth.
It is sometimes called King of the Jungle, and its thunderous roar can be heard for five miles.
Also called an anteater.
They have hands with thumbs, and some use their tail as an extra arm for climbing trees.
When two or more are standing together, it is difficult to tell where one stops and another begins.
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A seven-foot tall bird (largest bird in the world) that does not fly. Divides its time between water, mud wallowing and sun basking.
Because it sometimes charges for little reason, this animal has gained a reputation for being bad-tempered.
Striped fur makes them almost invisible in tall grass or the darkness of a forest where there are only partial streaks of light.
A very intelligent mammal that remains in water at all times. Egg-laying reptiles that grow to a large size.
Also known as a one-humped camel. They don't have very nice personalities - they spit!
Plehtane rsalvvu erab erfigfa onli rvadakra ymekno bezra tcosrih
patipsuophom nhoresiroc ritge pondlih rdolcoeci dyoradrem
Література:
1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповненею – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.
2. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с.
3. Гужва Т. М. Англійська мова: Розмовні теми: Навч. посіб. Для студентів фак. Інозем. Філології, університетів, ліцеїв, гімназій та коледжів. – Харків: Фоліо, 2005. – 414с.
4. Бессонова І. В. Англійська мова (за професійним спрямуванням). Навчальний посібник для дистанційного навчання. – К.: Університет «Україна», 2005. – 263с.
Модуль самостійної роботи:
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1. Безособові форми дієслова. Інфінітив. Дієприкметник. Герундій.
2. Скласти рецепт улюбленої страви та меню в ресторані.
3. Анотування газетної статті за фахом.
Безособові форми дієслова. Інфінітив. Дієприкметник. Герундій.
Питання для самоконтролю:
- Дайте загальну характеристик не особовим формам дієслова.
- Інфінітив:
- форми інфінітива;
- функції інфінітива;
- синтаксична роль у реченні;
- інфінітивні звороти (objective with infinitive, nominative with infinitive, the for – to – infinitive construction).
- Дієприкметник:
- форми дієприкметника;
- функції дієприкметника;
- Participle I (утворення, функції, часові форми);
- Participle II (утворення, функції, часові форми).
- Герундій:
- форми герундія;
- функції герундія;
- синтаксична роль герундія в реченні;
- герундіальні звороти.
- Порівняйте пари:
- герундій та інфінітив;
- герундій та дієприкметник.
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